~ -'.-'1e : {Thi- 7,

‘,"Tf|e Strongest Memory is Weaker Tllol

CBABLOTTETOWN, THURSDAY, AUGUST s, 1949

PAGE FOUR l VTIHE GUARDIAN

sen-am Hall: (Founded ll inn-n ‘allot-Iva as Itor-unrLl-‘llll "l"- H" 9m" Department, Ottawa. Tho laland lluardlnn lwhllsnlng Co. Illlno and llanallng lllrontor. J lfi- "IIPIWB Annotate Editor. Frank lIalher.

the Weakest lnk."

lllar And Archaeology

Anything which disturbs the soil of an old country like Britain is liable to yield traces of former inhabitants —- Viking, Saxon, Roman or prehistoric. lt is not surprising, therefore, that in the great constructional activity that the war brought in Britain, many antiques were revealed. The British Ministry of Works kept a watchful eye on these projects, and in a recent publication entitled War and Archaeology, which is review- ed in the current issue of London Calling, tells what has been done to safeguard, if not the structure at least the historical content of an- cient monuments.

The great majority of the excavations un- dertaken by the Ministry were on oirfields, but others were carried out in connection with the extension of gravel pits, stone quarries and open-

.cast coal workings, or with the construction of war factories, bombing ranges, or even, in one case, of a prisoner-of-war camp.

Geographically, they extended from the Scil- ly Isles to Caithness, in northernmost Scotland. Chronologically the earliest sites investigated date from the New Stone Age -- some 4,000 years ago. The best of these was a long burial mound at Northleach, Gloucestershire, built round a family burial chamber. The most interesting fea- ture of this site was the evidence it yielded of sanctity prolonged over a period of 2,500 years. For, close in front of the forecourt, which gave access to the stone-age tomb, was a row of six burial cairns, dating from the bronze age, and inserted into long mound and round cairns alike, were burials of pagan Saxons, dating from the centuries which followed the withdrawal of the Roman legions. The most numerous sites — there were over a hundred of them—were round bar- rows, or cairns, covering burials from the bronze age. Careful excavation of some of these cairns in South Wales revealed traces of elaborate rit- uol and in one of them evidence was found that coal was burned in the funeral pyre. This must be the earliest use of coal that we know of.

Among the most interesting Roman discov- eries was a stone-built house, or villa, found in digging a gravel-pit near the si‘; of the Roman city of Verulamium in Hertfordshire. Underneath were the oldest used by the Belgic people who lived in this part of England before the Romans came, but one hut was evidently built after the conquest. This is a sign that it took a generation or so before the idea of building in masonry spread even over the core of the Roman province. This particular Roman villa was finally destroyed in A.D. 367, at the time of the Germanic raids. It is a strange coincidence that German fire-bombs should have fall-en on the cellar in February, i944, while it was still being excavated.

Clearance of the ruins of London and other bombed cities has mode possible for the first time systematic investigation of their Roman predeces- sors. ‘Enthusiastic volunteers, schoolmasters and boys, dons and undergraduates, have given up their holidays to dig through cellar floors down to the Roman levels of Canterbury and Exeter- and the appeal has recently gone out for £50,000 to investigate on an ambitious scale the site of Londinium, the largest city of the Roman province, and, even then, a great centre of commerce.

That 1947 Tax Form

The income tax office, according to the Windsor Star, is having itself a time straighten- ing out many people on their l947 income tax forms. Quite a few citizens have discovered with a shock that they owe the Dominion Government a neat sum because they did not complete the return correctly. The I947 income tax returns were mode in the spring of i948. That was when taxes were starting to come down. And, in that .form there was a space telling the taxpayers to subtract four percent of the net income. Many citizens thought this was just an added tax rc- duction instead of an item dealing with possible deductions for medical expenses. So, they went breezily ahead and took what they thought was a legitimate four percent reduction. Now, they "A finding out their error.

llonsorvlng Water Supply

One of the results of the increased interest an the part of Western farmers in water conser- vation in recent years has been their changed ot- tltude toward’ swamps and sloughs. In the early days when the West was being settled, and for a long time afterwards, every slough and swamp was looked upon as something to be drained to add to productive acreage, and latterly to re- move breeding places for mosquitoes and weeds. lut periods of drouth, and general experience, have brought it home that the structure of these low areas was part of nature's method of con- serving water supply. Now, reports the Winnipeg ~Free Press, in many areas, such reservoirs ore being artificall-y constructed to re-create water reserves. s ,

A great many sloughs and small bodies of

water were drained over the years in all three Prairie provinces, in many cases to bring only sub-marginal land under the plough. When dry years came, removal of the natural water-retain- ing features of these areas made it that much easier for soil to drift, and erasions to occur. This all but ruin__ whole sections of the prairie pro- vinces. The major effort of the Prairie Form Re- hobilitatipn Administration for the post l5 years has been to restore these water-retaining features by digging thousands of dugouts and small ponds, and by building retaining dams and other works. This has gone hand in hand with extensive refor- estation work.

l

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by Saint John physicians and surgeons to ensure

ends will not have to wait. Saint John hospitals have not set up a summertime emergency medi- cnl service, as has been done in some communities I in the city. Groups of four on the John hospitals rotate their week however, thus making spre that all branches of treatment are covered. Doctors who- have private patients in the institutions, if they are leaving the city for a week-end, arrange with their fel-

made to come true. Modern science can now produce gold by artificial means. This was re- vealed recently by Sir John Cockcroft, Director ol Britain's Atomic Research Establishment. He was speaking to delegates attending the Empire Mining and Metallurgy Congress held in Lon- don. He stressed that only small quantities can

whether we can produce gold artificially. We

ments in that province's Drainage Act

the damaging run-off floods in the spring and a loss of soil values dependent on sub-surface water. This holds for most low, ponded areas in the midst of arable land, which along with trees play so important a part in water conservation.

IEDITURIAL NOTES!

The gutty ball should be well knocked about ot the Open Golf Tournament here today and to- marrow.

U Q I I The rich Labrador iron ore deposits are gradually approaching production, and almost ev- ery possible use of the ore is being canvassed ex- cept the building up of a great steel industry in Sydney, which is the most logical development. R * I

Eyewitnesses of flying saucers, sea serpents et al should ponder the reportof a big black and slimy sea monster which terriled a Florida family. lt turned out on police investigation to be an old automobile tire.

l 3 I lt is necessary periodically to remind our- selves that good citizenship is not inherited. It must be learnt. There must be provision in our educational programme for teaching». that a citizen does not complain futilely about deficien- cies in government. He takes the necessary steps, along with others of similar views, to see that his views are adopted or at least debated. i’ i *

The pre-requirement- in o recipe for hare soup is, first catch your hare. Similarly with re- gard to the Arts and Science probe here on how to improve national museums and archives the first requisite is to provide a museum.

U ¥ U

The Madras Government proposes to use a mixture of 80 per cent rectified spirit alcohol, manufactured from molasses, and Z0 pe_r cent gasolene for the operation of motor vehicles in that country. Surely there is someone here who will demonstrate that the potato is equally val- uable as a source of power!

i I D Britain's cut in dollar purchases means not only fewer cigarettes. Pipe-smokers will have few- er matches to play around with. Bryant and May, British match firm, has had a IO-per-cent cut in its dollar allocation for buying Canadian timber. That means 400,000 fewer boxes of matches _a day.

w w w

How taxes out up incomes. Only 70 persons in Britain were left with a net income of more "W" $24,000 l0? the YBOI‘. after paying 194B taxes. The official report, on the other hand, set forth that 2,200 persons had income of more than $80,000 before paying taxes.

k i i‘

Her Majesty the Queen was born this date i900. Her Royal Highness, daughter of a Scottish nobleman, the Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne of Glamis Castle, Forfarshire, married His Ma- jesty while he was yet Duke of York, second son of King George V. He succeeded to the throne on the abdication of his brother Edward Vlll, De- cemberjl, i936. Her children are H. R. H. Eliza- beth Duchess of Edinburgh, and H. R. H. Prin- cess Margaret Rose, who was, like her mother, born at Glamis Castle.

U U U

"Who goes more bare than the shoemaker’: wife and the smith’s mare." To this must be added the insurance canvasser’: family. ln Disley, Sask., a former and insurance agent had a busy spring selling hail insurance to farmers in that Southern Saskatchewan region. A heavy hail pelt- éd the district last week-end, causing complete loss of crops in some cases, but many farmers were covered by insurance. Among those with ‘crops wiped out by hail was the shamefaced insurance agent who admitted he hadn't sold him- self any insurance.

a- w a

Some toll stories are on the round these days. An American surgeon reports he removed his own appendix just to experience the sensation. On the other hand Lord Pethick-Lawrence, former Brit- ish Labor secretary of state for India told the House of Lords: "l have heard it said in jest that Your Lordshlps go home earlier than they would otherwise because peers have to help their wives with their washing up. From inquiries I have made among my fellow peers, there is a good deal ol truth in that." It would, of course, depend what time their lorvlships got home, and what they ate and drank at dinner. ,

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All necessary precautions are being taken

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tl-at those who need their services during week-

n Canada, whereby doctors take turns .emaining ‘staffs of Saint end services,

ow-practitioners to tind'their cases in their stead. i

The dream of the alchemists may have been‘

o for be mode in this way. "We are often asked '

on in fact do this. lut since we have to start rom platinum and the process is, rather expen-

by delegates from Perth, Huron and Wellington counties to a select committee on conservation of the Ontario legislature. They asked for amend- which would permit a closer integration of drainage and conservation work. They expressed the opin- ion that open ditches and the drainage of swamps lead been responsible for two costly conditions-

THE GUARDIAN. CHARLOTTETOWN

That Proposed ndm Through ndnd

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Old Charlottetown (And r. s. r.)

---

SHIPBUILDING DAYS

During the year 1825, forty vas- sels were built and registered within the Island, aggregating S.-

409 tons. Such names as "Alice James", "Argus", "Mary Clim- mings", "Concord", “Sarah", "Hi- bernin", “Heydn", “Restitutlorf, "Orelin", "John Marsh". "Gov-

ernor Ready" nnd "Catherine Mac- Donald", "Cambridge", “Unity" nnd "Minerva" were bestowed upon the larger of those craft. The ship- bullders prominently mentioned were Samuel Nelson, John Lord, W. Dingwell, W. Coffin, Phillip Cal- beck, Messrs. Pope, A. & H. Mac- Donald, John MacDonnld, L, & A. Cambridge, John Cambridge, Na- poleon LePage, Ewen Cameron, Nathan Davies, Docld & Penkc, Wolsford & Green, nnd D. Lawson. Island Imports for this 31-m- amounted to £85,337, exports to £95,- 426. Thefprinclpal ltem ln the llst of exports was £77,470, the estimat- ed value of 7,747 tons shipping built and registered within the year at. the rate of 10 pounds per ton. The import list exhlblls a charge of £30,998 for the naval stores used in the construction and equipment of these vessels.

The exports, In 4O vessels for Great Britain and 137 for the Brltlsh Colonies, navigated by 844 men, included 54,277 bushels of po- tatoes, 10.717 bushels of oats and 766 bushels of barley; 279oxen, 13 horses, 348 sheep and pigs, 57 tans of hay, 416 qulntals of cadflsh, 464 pounds of pickled flsh and 9053 tons of plne timber. Other export items were hardwood, spars, larhwooa‘ hendsplkes, stoves, furs, boards and shingles. "

Diplomatic Immunity

( Sydney Post-Record)

The External Affairs Department at Ottawa has found lt necessary to polltoly remind foreign govern- ment officials ln the capital that dlplomallc lmmunlly does not mean that they can break traffic laws with impunity. "Notwithstanding their speclnl status." says n circular sent to all concerned, “it must be emphasized that diplomatic envoys, whlle lm- mune from the jurlsdlctlon of the local courts, are required by ln- ternntlonal law to comply with the laws of the receiving state, includ- lng those relating to motor vehicles. If a dlplomatlc representa- tlve should persist ln offending or lf the offence ls" sufficiently sor- lous, the Canadian Government wlll nsk the foreign government to recall the offender."

The lssulng of this notice was prompted by a number of cases ln which foreign diplomats allegedly vlolntorl Canadian traffic laws. This indicates that there are thoughtless, careless and stupid people even ln diplomatic corps. And the word "stupid" ls user] with justlflcntlon, Any employee of n legatlon or embassy, or even n consulate, who cannot, see that by deliberately violating trnfflc laws he ls making bed friends for hlu country as well as hlmself must be a dolt. Certainly, therefore, he ls not n person who has the proper qualifications for n diplomatic lob. Perhaps international practice ln the diplomatic sphere should be reviewed nnd revised. The fact that an lndlvldual works for an outside government should not entitle hlm to be beyond the reach of the courts, If there really were justifi- cation for this absurd notion, why should not all "domestle" clvll sor- vnnts or. at any rate, all employees of thtbepartmenrofilkternsl At- falrn he just as immune as those from other countries?

FINEST JEWEL!

‘The rubles, sapphires and Jade found tn Burma are consld ed surpassed tn qusllty anywhere tn the world. '

DRIVES T0 HOSPITAL WIHNIPIBO, Auk. 3 - (OP) - John Dlffur. 31. reported to have driven himself to ‘oepltsl yester- day after tearing hle stomach open with a rlp sew, vrss resting today ln “fnlrly good" condition. Police could not say how the ac- cident occurred.

SPECIAL OITII '

lenses Brae. foetarlng 10% Dlooolnt on all hallo-bounce» euro lath.

J. P. llsorlrsrsss s See

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lve we are not likely to put the rnlnss out Queries in the foreseodle j .' /

. ___. _ _ I

Qaoonlt.

i__dlidrywlirflThe Arctic

(Toronto Globe and Mull) The anclent drama of dlscovuyt’ has no more thrllllnG SWFY "l?" the voyage of Sir John Franklin. More than a century e80 he 9X‘ plated Canada's distant. north and the coastlines of its Arctlc islands. Hi5 three trips, the last. of which ended in disaster. n-re recalled by still another em-rnvl 1° lmd h“ body and solve the hundred-Year‘ old riddle of his final exoedlllom This time the hunt. is by 1h“ Royal Canadian Mounted Police. headed by two of their famous members. Inspector Ho"? A- m?‘ sen and Chief Engines’ S. L. Bur- wgn his first two voyages (1819 and 18-25) Franklin worked overland from the Hudson Bay {mo the Coppermine and Mackenzie River territory. One return trlP 51°09 totalled '5,550 miles. The story ol those adventutm made a classic of travel. On his third voyage in 134.5 he commanded the “Ewan-s and the “Te-rror" for the British Admiralty in his search for the Northwest; Passage w the Pacific. 'I‘ra.ces of hls expedition show that he found the key to fr, but he and his 129 men were 10st. They threaded the Lancaster Sound. thence sailed south to what was later named King William Island. There they were locked 1n by the polar lee. “movlng an a. paleocrys- tic sea." I I U From 1848 onward. when no wordj was received from hlm, exPPdl- lion after expedition sailed lnlol the Northwest ln search. The Ad- miralty sent some, Lady Hsnlclln financed others. The Arctic north of lhe Canadian mainland ls dot- ted with islands and interlaced with bays and straits bearing the names of these intrepid men. Thelr searches eclipsed tn rlls- coverles even those of the great. explorer hlmself. They discovered and measured more than 7,000 mllm of coastline They found a second “Northwest Passage" The)’ measured the flows and directions of the polar tee They developed nnd perfected the art; of sledge travel, to is pOlnl. where one 0f the-m. Lleut. McCllntock, travelled overland"l70 miles in 81 days. Be- tween thelrs and Sir John's com- bined efforts they corrected mis- takes ln previous latitude and longitude markings and lald the orlglnnl basis for the mod-em maps we have of the Canadian Arcllc. 1n 1850-51 they finally corrpleted Franklin's task when an expedi- tion sailed lnto the Bering Stroll. gate to the Pacific. Thus not. only ln llfe but tn death Sir John Franklin added mightily to human knowledge.

O

To appreciate the indomitable character of such men and their complete disregard of danger. we should think of their snll-drlvcn ships. feeling their way through unknown wafers. pest lce cliffs which towered above their masts They had to devise their own Arc- Llc equipment, without. benefit of any ones previous experience. There ls a modern yardstick, loo to measure the scope of their deeds. A Federal party ls preparing to make hydrographlc charts of Ches-

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F. A. MoCOURT

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BIRD

A blrd Ctllllo down the walk.

lle did not know I saw;

He bit an angle-worm lnrhnlves And ate the follow, raw.

And then he drank a dew

From a convenient grass.

And then hopped sldcwise fa the wall

To let a beetle pass.

lle glanced with rapid eyes

That hurried all abr<>ed-—

The-y looked like frightened needs, I thought,

l-le stirred hLs velvet. head

Like one ln danger; cautious I offered him a crumb.

And he unrolled his feathers Amt rowed hlnl softer home

Than oars divide the ocean. Too silver for a seam,

0r butterflies, off banks of noon. Leap. sploshless, as they swim.

—Ernlly Dickinson (IMO-dfi).

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x-l- n-x-x- - : z l- The Age-Old Story