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NOTES i

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1 -}‘\

‘A recent issue of The commuted I. most interesting "ti? d; 9n the Vl-flll 0f dlll-GIIPQT: II unease affecting d038, RUIN. Ind ‘sores. The British bseteriolosisis ‘unounced in 1933.411” m9 dl-lflllb ‘was “the effect of a virus-a mem- “w of a family of lnorcdlbl? l!!!‘ mite, invisible organisms which are- l-gsponslble for human diseases. guch as measles, 511181190X. In‘! 1n- “nmo paralysis." It wss further- gtatéd that the vaccine for produc- mg immunity, the serum for treat- mg the actual attack. m4 tho liv- m; virus itself had been success- "uiiy gxported from Eflllllid‘ f0 ‘gonads. We may nowhope ‘ that me dread disease, which at one “mo caused heavy loss and threat- ened to kill out the fox population, i; finally consuercd, ' ‘ '

' Now for the question-what is a virus? As it hBPPQns, a writer in ‘m. u. Y. Herald-Tribune contri- foutcs an article which sums up ‘fpresent day thought on this very ‘matter. Filterable viruses, he says, “are ihe " Bflllts of colds. lfgver blisters, influenza. sluallpoor, ‘mfsntile paralysis, parrot Clever, ‘chicken pox, rabies and warts, to imentlon only a. fewJfiMore than ‘ymy virus diseases have been ‘found in animals, and many high-

n;

iiy destructive o! plants his of this type. l. A knowledge of bacteria, their

‘work and size. is now-‘a-days the ‘common Property 01 will Vflfllmb person "the man in thestreet.” But while we know the bacteria as microscopic objects, many of the yiruses are invisible to the most powerful microscopes and can pass through the finest laboratory fil- urs-whence they are celled filter- "abls. This smallness has caused some research workers to. declare ‘that the virus, if alive, must have e life differing in quality as well l es in size from the larger patholo- ‘glosl organisms. Dr. Rivers of the yltockefeller Institute, states how- ever that there is s great differ- ence in size among the viruses and that the larger types, such as the _ Mrus of smallpox, ‘will not pass 7 through filters “coarse enough to pass certain types of true bacteria." ' y The filters in use in laboratories are made of kaolin, a kind of clay, ‘the material of which is so fine that the filtering pores or intersti- lees are only one l25,00oth of lnch in diameter. As this is about the smallest diameter visible by white light and the ordinary mi- croscope, it follows that anything that passes the filter can only be seen by the ultramicroscope. The |viruses then are so small that they do not even produce cloudiness in the filtraic. l Ordinary bacteria are easily grown in suitable non-living media,

‘ 4th of May; so the English speak-

but most scientist; an” m "hm m‘ succeeded in cul- "Vli-lill viruses esceptUin living tissue. Most ordinary bacteria. at- twb the tissue cells from the out- llfle (except under stance) whilethe filterabls viruses

Walls and attack the cell from the inside A third point of distinction is this: after an attsckand recov- 617 from one-of the virus diseases

mune fp further attacks. This type of immunity is not usually encoun- tered in the true bacterial diseases. How the immunity is effected is still a matter of dispute.

ii§fi§lii %'Z—Z_£:id%fii€i£€3€3

ERS, STOCK BREEDERS‘ AND

Ema-w a

W‘ It lust some oi, them) appear r. u’ b° "hi" t9 penetrate the cell .

tlwiitiet htis“ -_‘ " ' ‘ “ °' °‘ ‘"°““""‘ =0arter & 0o.

vwwvvv v

. W0 f0!‘ bile some good heavy RECLBANED mg INSPECTED WHITE SEED OATS also some good BLACK oars,

,. Buy now SEED OATS are becoming scarce.

LIMITED sssnsamv

8o far the argument regards a Virus as being in some degree com- parable to a bacterium. but it must not be lost sight of that many bio-

‘inanimate’ poison." In the end the likens the virus to electricity. “Very litle is known for about what they really are,‘but a wealth of information is at hand act."‘And if we

must leave the

can at least rejoice that scientists

information to lighten some of the 8 ills which attack the lower creatures.

conferred irnmunity on mel)

FEED T]!!! BIRD! CONTEST

I ainnow in possession of the two books donated by Rev. Dr. Myers as prizes in the contest. One is a volume containing "Treasure Island". and “Kidnapped? by R- L. Stevenson, which are two of the bestlsiories for boys ever written. The other is "Alice in Wonderland"

works: a capital-image of fun for

arid-is still ‘alive though, eighty.

ing peoples have been celebrating his birthday, and Alice lLiddeli nargreaves, the original “Alice" of the book. faced the microphone and Joined in the broadcast on

be written the lucky recipient will learn from thedntroductlon. 1t.only remains to add that the two volumes are _ lilitil with "rhecompliments of A. J. Myers, Ph. D., Hartford, Conn." '

tention was 10gb“ contend that "a ‘a u. mm presence o, the above named beetle the two local representatives. ls living ‘invisible’ particle, a. sort o‘: in this province by a special artl- mmd l“ mm mpicfil “m! temper‘ ‘ cle in The Guardian from the pen “im- hgppfly of Prof. R. R. Hurst. much additional c9115“; thrown upon the life history of this

pest, and Pamphlet No. 5 New Series, "The Strawberry Root Wee- about what they do and how they vii". by W. Dvwnes. Assistant En- tomologist, embodies this informa- opening question unanswered, we tion.

both man and within three

free from the Publlcati Ottawa. I ‘~

NATURE NOTES, APRIL 1932

A cold. dark month, in general. On the 5th, at the time of that date. How the book came to moon, there was a genuine ter's day, with

ponslble . thousands oi’ migrant birds to the THISTBAWjERRy ROOT WEE. south 0f lib. On the 6th an earth- » ‘m, _ quake in China caused the loss of

I‘ Y“ “m. w." new 5mm‘ M, tens of thousands of lives. On the .‘ ' ‘ 9th Venus and the moon were in

ew+++o+n+u+ee+wwem n“ “me Hipmcampus

first called

T” “we” ("him ha" °"°"' The head is in line with the axis are making use of that wealth of wintered) begin to deposit the eggs o, the body’ and is prolenaed m“)

s early as the 13th of May, and a beakmke muzzle, the larvae small hatch out. These do damage by ,°o;h1e5s_ (Influenza may be a virus dis- eating off the roots of the plants, small’ and protected by a large ease all right, but one thing I am and if very numerous "they oon- ,simple plate (the gill-cover). The certain oi’, to my regret, it never stltute a serious menace." After an indefinite period oi feeding the well developed caudal fln. larvae pupatc and in about three weeks emerge as adults and the life cycle is complete. The adults 14KB the DEYWdlIlB. its 110d)’ i5 DIO- feed on a good many other plants tested with/bony plates, giving it

weeks

besides the strawberry. I recollect

reading that it attacked the rasp- berries here. "rhe cultural methods oi control ed» “"1 '5 W‘ °r depend on starving the against the adults poisoned bans toothless and is situated at the a" recommended_ The ha", is a,” end of a long snout. The gills are ‘and s selection of "Lewis Carroll-z" plied twice m the sewn’ the first small, tufted, and largest at their A _ Bppucauon bang-u ear“, u com free ends: the gill cover is a large a girl with aisense of humor. Alice, venlen-t‘ Both methods are mm, ex_ simple plate. The kail s prehen- by the way, was a real personage, plalnei

l followed’ by an earthquake in Ar-

z this may be because of our north-

to the

Since then l light has been

larvae :

iii-ii?!£3EEHH§HEFZE5-I§Z-ZEBPI%HH%I'CH£E%Z

close juxtaposition and this was

gentina. and eruptions in the An- des on the 11th; the disturbance

p. h. gale, of which we got our share. On the 20th full moon, and two days later, a bllnard in Wes- tern Cansds, which reached us on the 24m with s wintry sprinkle of snow. Altogether a dlssapolnting month, more like winter than spring.‘

Bird life is very scarce here, but

[erly location. The southern shelter- ed parts of the Island have abund- ance _of birds when we have none. The first robin came on the 'lth, and I heard the Wilson's snipe for the first time on the 23rd. The frogs "woke up" on the 22nd.

Francis Haln has this to say‘ of the Pipe-fishes or Syngnathidae: “The Pipe Fish which has a long beak-like muzzle, and the beauti- or Sea. Horse, are not uncommon on our fishing grounds."

This family, of which we have

ate waters, and besides being of strange form, its members have some remarkable habits.

The Pipe-fish (Siphostoma fus- cum) is common on the Atlantic ,coast. Its body tapers gradually so that it is more fish like than the Hippocampus, which it resembles in that it is clothed with bony plates of an angular appearance.

ending in a a slit-and The gills are tuft-like,

mouth-like

kail is not prchensile and has a. There are no ventral fins.

The Sea Horse (Hippocampus)

an angular body is abruptly contracted at the base of the tail. The head is crest- the line of the

is small and

body: the mouth

slle and has no caudal fin, neither

‘Several otherlinsects injurious to “e the” any vemml "n5-

Yfli‘! ‘ii-m- "MW" 0mm" w" mm strawberries are noticed in the just one hundred years ago, on the pamphlet which may be obtained sumo a more or less vertical posi- ' om Branch’ tion with the tail resting on the

ranging between 24-and 30 deg. F. We had no mall that day, o. token of very bad travelling conditions. This inclement weather was res- for the destruction of

a1

fort to to

sonabie

Canadia

'1

PERMANENT CONCRETE o HIGHWAYS

for Safety,

Greater visibilit at night: low crown: clearly_ efined edges: a gritty skid-checking surface: Jhese are concretds contribu- tions to driving safct . Concrete roads are even and free from glare . . .

lus Jlaengers.

Concrete is economical to the motorist in fuel ‘ and tire wear: economical to the tazpafver because of rea-

maintensnce. It carries the heaviest traffic without break- ing down. A vocals this sl ~-

locsl mate

o’

Comfort, Economy

giving com- t_he man at the wheel

Cfllllllfilphun '

int cost and low

n §it*".tsu.a..“"“‘ a

new win- the thermometer

Jflnjole h

In feeding. both these fishes as-

ground. In addition, the Sea-horse takes hold of the seaweed by curl- ing the tip of its tail. By the sud- dening opening of the slit-like mouth, water, containing food, is sucked into the tubular snout. As these creatures are not well supplied with fins, their movements differ from those of other fishes: they move forwards, upwards or downwards, with equal ease, and with what has been aptly describ- ed as a. “slithcring" motion.

The parental habits of the Pipe- mouthed fishes -are not less re- markable, seeing that the males carry the eggs, and look after the newly hatched fry till they are able to do for themselves. The fe- males deposit the eggs on the sea- floor, and the watchful males ga- ther them. In the case of the Sea- horse the male has a pouch on the abdomen into which they are thrust; but the male Pipe-fish

of skin. Our Sea-horse appears to be identical with that Northumbrian coasts: the upper part greatly resembles the conven- tional figure of the horse (knight) in the game of chess, and has gi- ven riae to the popular name. ‘rewards the end of this month a. lad of my acquaintance trapped a. skunk and took the muzzle in to secure the bounty. He leanrned that 500 snouts had been brought in to that date.

_ m srun

Oroiu. sinnelarll and registered No. 3274. Wlli learn owners stables, Cher- ry Valley on liionduy, hluy Iluth for Sourls_ stopping at liloreil RPM‘ Monday night. ‘Iheneo through” by we - of Si. Peters io (lowcn rne, stogping overnight uutll Wednesday. at noon. Thence through b,v_ way of Bay Fortune, stopping \\ cilncsdu)’ night passing through by Aunnndulc and Little Pond through in Dundns un hursdsy.hhesvlnqghllrriany morul-l rig enroutc ome. s rnue continue fortnightly uniii further notice. T e il a beautiful chestnut stallion, weighs i100 pounds and ill the best brooding of any Inlnmi ired ltllllon In the province. ills lm is by Psrkslile, iwvflllrl alum b! ~ fiovider. ihirvi alum AlrlghL fourth can: Abedallab lleilsvngrr. His sire i-lxphllllon was the fastest stlllnn lhnt wns oreg- brought to this rovlnrr. hnvlng a record 2.04 1-2. role bus par-ell quarters erer the Ice this post winter in Iii seconds. This horse is well known on country tracks throughout ibis province, hnv- ln plcefl miles n 2J8 inst summer. flee Prunghf, (‘hcrrv Vn]loy_ owner. Terms: $10.00 for ar-haon: 811.00 (Img of dorvlvo. llnlnnee when mars

E 2-2 iii‘: 5i‘ 2-1 i 2'2 %Z'l %

____i-'-E

reached the Maritimqs as a 40 m. .

are the summer

flower line,

which cannot three

trolled by planted about three times as decpucm _ as the diameter of the bulbs andlfifegfarllie bhght’ make their an" tubers, and the Dahlias, especlallyiyears growers do not go to the ‘trouble oi’ spraying. According to

t is a.di p1» t slant swan ‘i "a “angithem the risk is worth while tak-

secure or grow in the hot bed cold frame, stout branching plants rather transplanting, expose to sun a5 little as possible, water well and add a pinch of commercial ferti- lizer, dissolved nearby soil. will come

use of Chinese cabbage salad crops are planted in June and

"asc—xazcx:-:s==z-z

Gardening

Warm Weather Planting!

these

Petunias

first named

, i ing.

than too tall ones- In-

tomatoes,

befglfl July, otherwise and

storage. Cos and other fall

periments carried years at the Dominion Laboratory of Plant Pathology at Ste-Anne dc la Pocatiere m water. to me lillégilaltsgieaiilegears potato plots that I" the Vegetable gmup the season showed considerable in- the mam crease in yield over planting of cabbage. es: plants. time lima beans, water and musk mellon,‘ cucumbers and celery. The main; planting of the latter should not few go in much ‘ it will come on too early for fall against sudden appearance of the ‘twine’ disease.

Should We Spray Our Potatoes

(Experimental Farms Note)

One must spray hlspotatoes if

he wants to grow them with pro- me“ ‘*9 “nun lbw“ m‘! fit. Spraying is recommended for

vegetables which muse not be set outside or the seed sown until the wcther turns warm and therein no~c,-°p_ Wm“ early longer danger of frost- Even i! the latter does not come along, these things will not make proper growth until soil and air really acknow- ledge that summer is almost at hand. 0f course tn the colder sections o! the country some of these things cannot be oonside d but most of them can, as the thod of preparing Bordeaux mix- fa-rther north one goes the longei-‘ture, the time they Stalled 5PM)’- dgyg and the ing, the number and thoroughness greater rapidity of growth- In the ,0! fiiilgitiditl hot weathgf'l'€&nZ€d they had faulted in one things, ln the order oi’ planting run 0r mm vi these Points Spraying about as follows: Gladiolus, Dahlia when done properly is a Protection and Cannas in bulbs, tubers or such things, and Asters, and many othes bedding plants

two main reasons. lswlt is a protection to the

not be realized

applications, they

to the crop.

2nd—It favours the development of potato plants and thereby as- smnd huh The sures a larger crop. In certain re- should be gions, where diseases that can be

fungicides, particu- only once in several

To these may we say that ex- ori for several

show that during

"-"'ilarly’ throughout

those plots

were not sprayed, and it

would seem advisable that growers in these regions should spray a

times to secure n. larger yield protect their potato fields

and thorough applications of fungicides are made and continued regularly during the growing season, plants are protect- ed against the attacks of fungi and the depradations of insects. Sever- al growers have objected that such protection could but after inquiring upon their me-

planted for many years-

" planting in Maine-

Arg you planting this year are quite favorable. not?

requirements.

IN THE STUD

POINSET 4804 STANDARD AND REGISTERED

Sired by Longset 2.06% by Dillon Axworthy oui. of the American Belle. Dam Anna Pratt 2.12 by King Bell- ine, 2nd Dam by Annie Wilkes by Alcone. 3rd Dam Nancy by Jeffer- son Prince.

Poinscifs individuality and speed inheritance qualifies him to be a great sire. A show ring champion, with perfect manners. Bred in ti"! "Kentucky of Canada” a 8111111150" oi’ the Great "Dillon Axworfhy" “null said."

Polnset will stand for service Tuesdays and Fridays at l-‘arquhar-

rorarossil

An official bulletin just released shows ihe acreage of potatoes in the South to have been reduced below the plant- ing of i931 by about 30% and to be the smallest acreage - Considerable damage has beerf

done by frost with the result that the present lrroimblt Yltld will be but about 60% of last veer-

No hi; official report is yet available regarding the But unofficial reports indicate that

the acreage will be reduced by itbili-it 3953-

You planted last year when proipvcls were not good.

If you are not planting why are you If you do not plant you cunnui reap nor share the probable profits of a favorublf- mzlrkv-t.

We are in a very filrorzlblv- position i0 fill your fertilizer Let us 0r our Agents have your order.

The Island Fertilizer Co. Limited

CHARLOTTETOVVN "The island Goods for Island Growers‘

uhcn prospects of good prices

sons Stables, Charlottetown, and [at my stables, Snuthport, until going to inn-k.

‘forum 5.7.00 fnr chance, $10.00 for

season, . 5.00 i0 insure Uwilcrls risk.

(ll-JO MacDUNALD. i 2892-5-7-Snt-6i.

liirires at

A Limited Circlv: However vast may illlpiilll‘ ihe world in. which we 11love, we all of us live in a limited circlir-llnliyniion.

I-lc that is taught to live upon little our?- more to his father's wisdom than he that has a. great deal left him owes in his father's rare-Penn.

_ with. Ones

B-Plltflrance- but ‘he July and the same is true of table

turnips. To save space. many of the trailing vegetables such as cucumberameluns and squash may be trained along a fence while the tomatoes should always be staked. hip off all side shoots and tie main stern loosely at twelve inch intervals to the stake which should be about six feet high and planted firmly. at the same time the tomato plant ls set out. check over Flower List

Before finally disposing of the sowing and planting end of the flovrer garden it is well to check over the varieties and types in order to make sure that all rc- quirenrents have been cvmblied garden should be balanced. That is there must be variety of colors, shaded corners as

well as hot, dry ones planted with something suitable. Diem? °5 m“ things,

some scented blooms like

carries the eggs either on the ab- particular nourighmellt domen or under the tail where they and may also till the soil with are held in and protected by folds dgege, This is particularly true,

of the lgladiolus. Then there are 18811!"

stocks and Nicotlana, continued bloom from June until frost, fcncvs and vegetable garden screened with tall bushy things and annual climbers and a fair showing of the new and vastly improved both single and double flowers- Rotate Veflembl“

It is advisable to move veget- ables around the ssrdth 1mm Yea’ ‘to year, the practise being known as rotation. One veiemble 31mm‘ in exactly the same location each season will soon exhaust all the required

also of some flowers espeillflll)’ m“

inous crops such as P685 and beam which add fertilizer in the soil and should be moved around so that the whole garden will benefit. These will offset the inroads made b?’ such heavy feeders as corn, befits and carrots- Mulching