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PAGE 6 TUESDAY, MARCH 27

mae At Geneva

Commentators are taking note of the fact that for the first time at a meeting of this kind, the voice of the neutrals is being heard at the Geneva disarmament conference. Eight non-aligned nations, repre- senting a cross-section of opinion, are mobilizing their influence against a resumption of nuclear tests. No one realizes perhaps bet- ter than the neutrals themselves that in the last analysis, power can only be curtailed by those who pos- sess it. To recognize this is not to overlook, however, the heightened intensity of the Geneva propaganda context.

Canada is doing its best to fos- ter neutralist influence. External Affairs Minister Green, who daily seeks to inject a sense of urgency into the proceedings, proposed last week that the Big Three subcom- mittee should be enlarged to include an unspecified number of non-align- ed powers. “Somebody’s got to get in between these big fellows,” he said in his own plain-spoken way in explaining his proposals.

Canada understands and sym- pathizes with the U.S. position on tests. But Mr. Green does not in- dorse Washington’s view that the Soviets now wish no nuclear test- ban treaty until the American tests in April have come and gone and justified a new series of Russian tests. He is-believed to feel that this is a completely speculative view- point, and that it hurts the chances of agreement to make propaganda play of it.

The real struggle, of course, re- mains one of big-power politics. The only redeeming feature of it is that -the principal protagonists are at least partly concerned with winning “the support and sympathy of ihe unaligned states which have been added to the conference since the last previous meeting. It is this factor that has enabled Canada’s voice to be heard to some effect. Mr. Green, in his statements, has come as close to representing the con- science of humanity as any voice that has been raised at Geneva at this time; and for this, as Canadians —and regardless of what success or failure may crown his efforts—we owe him our thanks and gratitude.

Mr. Fisher’s Motion

It is odd that some of the MPs who are concerned over their in- adequate salary did not support Mr. Douglas Fisher, CCF member for Port Arthur, when he renewed his campaign for a pay increase in the House of Commons recently. Or, perhaps, it is not so odd. Doubtless they hesitated because of the polit- ical implications imvolved. In any ease, the Port Arthur member’s mo- tion that “the government give im- mediate consideration to the need of increasing the income of mem- bers of Parliament” went without backers. , A salary increase for MPs last ¢ame in 1954 when the sessional in- demnity was doubled from $4,000 to $8,000. The $2,000 tax-free ex- pense allowance was not altered at that time. Today, MPs find that their salaries do not go as far as they did eight years ago, and a number of them say privately that they will not be able to seek re- election if the indemnities are not boosted. The financial pinch is being — felt particularly among those elect- ed for the first time in 1957 and 1958. Many have to maintain homes in Ottawa and in their ridings.

Mr. Fisher argued that a raise fm the stipend would help attract

1962.

. oT Cte we

Better candidates for political of- fice. The danger now, he said, is that only those in certain profes- sions and occupations can afford to seek election and spend long periods in Ottawa on what has become al- most a “full time job.”

One can see a good deal of sense in this argument. Certainly one can feel respect for Mr. Fisher who advanced it, openly and unafraid; and at the proper time too, when an election is in the offing. Had his resolution been discussed and adopt- ed, it would be before the public at a time when judgment could be passed upon its merits. Presum- ably it would not be a partisan issue, but it would be one for which the members individually would be re- sponsible to the electorate, as they should be. It would then be their business, between now and the elect- ion, to convince the voters in their constituencies as to the reasonable- ness and justice of the increase.

But no; that wouldn’t be “good politics.” Mr. Fisher was left to sink or swim on this issue by him- self. His motion went down the drain. If that were the end of it, we could say, “Well and good; our parliamentarians have decided not give themselves a raise, but to carry on as they have been doing.” Un- fortunately, however, this concern for the taxpayers is not likely to outlive the present Parliament. When the votes are in, and the next Parliament convenes—and the next election is a comfortable four years away—we may expect to see a salary boost among the first items on the agenda. And there will be no hesitancy then, we predict, in getting on the band wagon.

Rail Strike Averted

It is a matter of relief to all of Canada that the threatened strike of 4,500 railway engineers has been averted. The agreement, one week before the strike was to start, did not prevent losses to the railways, as shippers were already turning to other methods of trans- portation in fear that their goods would be stuck by a walkout. How- ever, this loss is infinitesimal com- pared to what the railways would have suffered in the event of a pro- longed strike, not to speak of the impairment to the whole economy of the country.

Labor Minister Starr took a leading part in bringing the parties together, but the union leaders also are to be commended on their will- ingness to compromise in the cir- cumstances. These were such as to have left the government with little choice but to have intervened in any case, had the issue come to a head. Such action, however carefully taken, would have left hard feelings on both sides, and militated against the kind of cooperation which is needed in meeting the serious prob- lems with which the railways are confronted at this time.

EDITORIAL NOTES

Queen Mother Elizabeth will be a guest of honor at a Government House dinner in Ottawa on June 11. Some forecasters are predicting that this means the general election will not come on that day, but the Ot- tawa Journal professes to see no reason why “a dinner to a most welcome guest should interfere with an election.” It could, however, have a distracting effect on the

hosts. *

A Dutch doctor insists that while cleanliness may be next to godli- ness, it doesn’t necessarily produce a happy home. In fact the exact opposite may be true. He has found the housewife that overdoes the daily pursuit of dust can make life miserable for her family. Over- cleanliness can chase away husbands, as well as germs. But, of course, there is the other extreme to be avoided as well.

*

Under the provisions of the Na- tional Housing Act, loans to 62 bor- rowers included allowances for fall- out shelters to Jan. 31, 1962. This, Works Minister Walker explained in the House of Commons the other day, was included in loans for new houses. Under the home improve- ment loan provision of the act, 44 loans were made for construction of fallout shelters to Nov. 30, 1961. While it was not possible to provide the total amount borrowed for these particular purposes, the minister said it was known that the estimated costs of the fallout shelters referred to amounted to $74,373.

%

reached +

HATCHET-BURYING CEREMONY A SHRINKING EMPIRE

A Steady Process Of Liquidation

It’s eighteen years since Win- ston Churchill, with his amazing record as wartime premier firm- ly established, voiced his proud challenge: ‘I have not become the king’s first minister in order to preside over the liquidation of the British Empire.”

Yet in those 18 years, and lat- terly in his gray Churchill has been compelled to see the winds of change suc- ceed where all the power of the Nazi Wehrmacht feat.

When the Second World War ended, the British Empire, thus defined, comprised some 500 million people. Today its popu- lation is less than 30 millions. One by one, over the interven-

PUBLIC FORUM

‘umn is open to by correspondents of questions of in-

pondents. All letters published are sub

ject to editing and condensation where | unable te |

necessary. The Guardian is enter into any correspondence regard- ing \létters submitted.

FAMILY ALLOWANCES

Sir,—My attention has called to a letter from Mrs. Sylvia Lamont which appeared in the Public Forum on Monday, March 19th. Mrs. question is: ‘Since when has the Family Allowances been stopped when children are unable to at- tend school on account of sick- ness?”

As a matter of public interest I should point out that the Fam- ily Allowance Act provides that “the allowance shall cease to be payable if the child does not reg- ularly attend school as required by the laws of the province where he resides.’’ As school at- tendance is a matter which falls entirely within the jurisdiction of provincial authorities, our de- partment does not attempt to determine which children are at- tending school in accordance with provincial school legislation.

Decisions on this question are made solely by officials of the Provincial Department of Educa- tion. Once a child is reported to our department as not having attended school satisfactorily, Family Allowances are automa- tically discontinued until such time as a further report is re- ceived to the effect that the child has returned to regular school attendance.

The difficulty which Mrs. La- mont refers to is one which Is regularly encountered when a child misses several days from school without an explanation being forwarded to the teacher when the child resumes regular attendance. As the teacher has no way of determining the rea- son for the child’s absence, she records it in her monthly report and the child is eventually re-

ported to us for non-attendance

at school.

The problem can be simply solved by "parents notifying their teachers promptly when a child returns to school, the.

any absences occurred. It is not satisfactory to

have the explanation given ver- |

required notice.

We have written Mrs. Lamont suggesting that her problem can be solved by contacting her school teacher. Any. Family Al-

non-at ance has been satisfactorily ex- ained. .

the discussion | Colonies, Kenya and British Gu- |

retirement, |

suffered de |

Chatham Daily News

| ing years, its colonies and pos- ;

sessions have dropped away — India, Pakistan, Burma, Cey- lon, Malaya, Ghana, Nigeria, Cyprus. x

Only one of these countries, Burma, elected to leave the Com- monwealth altogether; the others chose the status of Common- | wealth members However, as recent events have shown, the distinction is sometimes hard to

define; som the new na- | tions, at least, have aban- | doned British traditions in

their internal affairs.

The process of liquidation is still going on apace. The ear 1961 sa'v two former African col- onies, Tanganyika and Sierra

ne, become sovereign stat- es. Uganda is scheduled for sov- ereignty in October of this year. | A conference in London is set-

| ting a date for Jamaica's inde-

Lamont’s |

Treason for |

pendence. The fate of two other

jana, is also to be decided this year; they may well be complet- ely independent by the end of 962

Another form of liquidation | is in the cards for the East In-

Borneo, Sarawak and Brunei and | the city-state of Singapore. Ne-

gotiations are now under way |

to join them with the Federation

of Malaya in a new State of Ma-

laysia.

Greetings

Ottawa

Man has celebrated the com- ing of Spring in many strange ways. Some of them were among the folk rituals gathered by Sir James George Frazer for his study of magic, pagan cults and fertility rites, The Golden

ough. In the Ravarian province of

a village made a straw effigy of Death, personification of Win- ter's dead vegetation, paraded him through the streets and then, amid much shouting, burn- ed him outside the village. At Nuremberg, a shrouded doll was | carried in a little open coffin by | young girls who chanted, ‘We carry Death into the water; it is well.”

IN OTHER PARTS In parts of Italy, France and Spain, a hideous senting the oldest woman of the village was dragged out of town and sawed in two to the clangor of cowbells and pots and pans. Sometimes it was a genu- ine old woman, who was carried the

town on a cart. place of execution, a blood-filled bladder, attached to her neck, was cut by a mock executioner

| self - government

dian colonies of British North |

Middle Franken the children of .

By the end of 1963, quite con- ceivably, nothing may remain of the British Empire except a scattering of islands in the world’s oceans, a handful of

' fortresses like Gibraltar, and a

few “problem” territories

Africa such as the Federation of

Rhodesia and Nyasaland, which |

has failed to reach the final stage of self-government be- cause its European and African inhabitants cannot agree on a form of government.

The process, of course, | {s paralleled by the postwar shrin- kage of the French, Dutch, and Belgian colonial empires. great difference — and one very creditable to Britain — is that in her case the transition has been accomplished by agree- ment and with relatively _ little bloodshed. Then, too, the Bri- tish policy had been for years to train native administrators which has made the impact of

ference between

The |

Blocked Frontal Sinuses Cause Pain, Distress

because of the possibility th a+ or

swollen membranes blocked the opening of the nose.

When the frontal sinus is af- fected, the victim develops a throbbing pain over the eye on the involved side. Distress gen- erally comes on morning and often lessens by six in the evening. The area is tender to the touch and occas- ionally the forehead is slightly red and puffy. Movements of the head and coughing - may aggravate soreness.

The pers looks and feels ill. Fever and toxicity increase unless the condition is recogniz- ed and the pus encouraged to escape. In tances, shrinking the membranes of the nose with ephedrine will open up the passageway into the sinus and allow the purulent mater- ial to drain. Shrinkage plus suc- tion will be required in other in- stances, and sometimes the sinus must be flushed out.

Meanwhile, the causative or- ganism is isolated by the labor- atory and tests are conducted to determine what antibiotic will be effective.‘ Surgery is recom- mended when these simple mea- sures fail ‘to maintain good drainage.

Complications occur when the bony wall of the sinus becomes infected (osteitis) or when the

comparative- |

ly, simple for the various colon- |

S.

Certainly when one contrasts the map of Asia and Africa to- day with what it was in 1945, the

present clamor in the United |

Nations and elsewhere against colonialism appears not so-much belated as positively antiquar- | jan.

To Spring

| and she pretended to die.

| In some places, after Death | was disposed of, Summer was | brought in, in the guise of a tree, or a , carried from

house to house by children who

sang and begged for gifts.

In Sweden, two troops of young |

men, one dressed in furs and re- presenting Winter, the other in leaves and representing Sum- mer, engaged in mock battle. Summer won and then there

was feasting AME INDIANS

RICAN Some American Indians, tiring at the end of Winter of the long months ow ed

| ed against the spirit of Winter. Some of these

performed at the time of the ar- rival of the first Spring bird or blossom, at the middle of Lent, or about the time of the vernal equinox. In our precise, scientific age we can say that

Spring arrived at exactly 9.30

last night. And no doubt at its | coming thousands were engaged in the solemn, 20th century Spring ritual of reckoning in- come tax.

Amnesty In Ottawa

The amnesty offered political

if 3 un

:

ch a*f i He

if

Yugoslavia Citizen

the day through constitutional Ss. But the reasons given by Del- stri

| scribed the pills believes you

infection breaks through the skull and a brain abscess de- velops. These complications are difficult to diagnose but are sus- pected when the victim becomes sicker and the local pain grows into a diffuse headache. Sur- gery must be done as a lifesav- ing measure.

(Dr. Van Dellen will send leaf- let on sinus disorders if stamp- ed, self - addressed envelope accompanies request.)

NOTES BY

THE WAY |

Maybe the world _ situation isn't so threatening after all.

ion firms will, give you 10 years to pay for a fallout shelter. —Calgary Her

The most

The vivid colors of butterflies are as w Distinctive hues cies to survive.

The familiar orange-and-black Monarch butterflies _flitting

as beautiful. help some spe-

about on a bright s are a Se ee A

* colors to make sure of recog-

on.

Inedible. or ‘“‘protected,’’ but- terflies seem to know the value of repetition in such “keep off"

PATTERNS SIMILAR Uneatable ingly similar patterns, though may be from widely differ- |

ent genera and families. The |

plify the learning process

terfly had a different pattern, it would be difficult for most predators to learn them all, and | many butterflies would die ‘be- fore their enemies mastered the |

for

e, Predators are emphatic in | their dislike for bad-tasting but- |

A TYPE OF CANCER 0. S. writes: What is the dif- carcinoma and cancer? REPLY Carcinoma is the most com. | mon form of cancer. It involves the cells lining the various sur- | faces and of the body, includ- | ing the skin, openings, pas- | sageways, glands and reproduc-

tive organs. Carcinoma e skin, breast, lung, stom- ach, intestine, and uterus are

examples,

NERVE PILLS R. D, writes: When are pills discontinued after a nervous condition becomes normal?

REPLY When the physician who pre-

can do without them. Many physicians continue the medica- tion (often at a reduced dosage) for three to six weeks after the condition is under control, in or- de reeducate or help the in- dividual adjust to being and remaining normal.

SINUS INFECTION R. D. M. writes: I have sinus trouble and postnasal drip. I'm going to Florida on vacation. Would it be safe for me to go bathing in the ocean? PLY

Yes, if a noseguard is used to ki wa’ nasal Passageways. The sun, rest. and relaxation may offset any harm and actually improve your condition.

Today’s Health Hint~ The energy of oldsters never should be wasted.

UR YESTERDAYS

From the Guardian Files

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (Mar. 27, 1937)

The new mill at Kelvin is the scene of activity these days. The sound of the grain crusher continues and the same is true

ing the saw. Webster Marchbank, the genial proprie- tor, serves a large area — peo- ple coming from Freetown, Nor- boro, Grahams Road and many other districts, :

Rev. Thomas Palethorpe, sloe, P.E.1. has Nye

rn &

+ - :

pee wii

aFEE oir

s3 3 a uit 1101

i it i

terflies. The gaudy Heliconius | erato of tropical America is | generally scorned. A frog that | mistakenly snapped an erato |

| gagged, spat it out, and shook |

its head back and forth. A_ pet | monkey picked up an erato, snif- fed the butterfly, made a wry face, dropped it, and spent sev- eral rainutes scrubbing at shands,.

Many edible butterflies mimic protected species. for example, is a tasty morsel | for birds, but it copies the un- | savory onarch’s coloring so well that birds usually ignore it. The chief flaw in the mimicry is a black line across the Vic- eroy’s hind wing. Occasionally a specimen is seen without the | stripe, suggesting that it may | gradually disappear from al] | Viceroys. |

Sometimes only the female | ceed ee se ee ree

The Age Old Story.

Forasmuch as ye know that your labour is not in vain in the Lord. }

e Viceroy, |

uniform patterns doubtless sim- fi

aD

Joseph Blasi, dean of eiey,! tor operators at the Eiffel To, er, has retired after a lifetime carrying tourists to the second level of the famous structure. 4; the retirement ceremonies, t h ¢ first thing he did was take the elevator to the third leve. “y had been so busy on my job that I had never been to see the top of the Eiffel Tower,” he explain. ed. — Aurore, Paris,

Those Gay Butterflies National Geographic Society

imitates an

owtail is so unl male that it took careful study to prove the two sexes were of the es.

oe i

nature's scheme, mimi

never should ad es cateren. - their models, for if enough imi. tators are caught, the predators would learn they are edible.

|

| COPY NATURAL OBJECTS | Mimics often fly in the shade where their slight differences are not obvious. Many butterflies also copy

— oo such as dead ies share . | leaves, twigs, bark, and strik, Varieties of an English moth

rocks,

vary in color to match the rocks

each prefers to alight on. Tropical butterflies

rom

beneath dull front wings. When disturbed, they take flight, ex. posing brilliant rear wings. The flash of color often befuddles a predator long enough for the butterfly to escape.

Another subterfuge is to offer enemies a misleading target, These are showy spots or bands of color on or near the edges of hind wings. An attacker may peck at them without seriously harming the butterfly.

Butterfly color may be a fae- tor in courtship. Entomologist Jocelyn Crane described in the National. Geographic an experi- ment ‘in which she painted out the distinctive red patches on the black wings of an erato. The paint job turned a popular fe male into,a scorned wallflower,

BACKACHE:

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