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__THE-§.H£~.E-9_T_'1LET9EN SLUB-RDIAL

PAGE ELEVENw

K BREEDER |

T NEWSY

NOTES -

I! AGIEOLA

A ROYAL VISIT

a our forefathers on the Scottish ivorthumbrlan borders must

tty f0 h lads f0 E5; “it :.....:.i. s»... wrecks —in what was

mo“ . “wily a perpetual war-scare. isnsified on the English side by mm] visits of the ruler and his ‘my; . It is well known that mwm, the oonquerer came North b punish his recalcitrant sub- g, and left a desolate county grind him when he turned South. miwlm of Scotland made a des- mictlve inroad in 1093. to fall at my before the spear oi his god- mim- Morel, near Alnwick. Robert d, Mqwbray, proud Earl who had t and defeated Malcolm, re- ageirist William Rufus. and mughi, the Norman vellloance on m; country and on himself. Great iqrtrasses arose everywhere in the North, partly as threats. partly as wads: and, as it were, in pre- ration for the long struggle be- aged the stolicl Englishman and the eturdy Scot. pqvid I of Scotland (1138) and William the Lion. in 1174. over- [an Northumberland _and inflicted horrible barbarities on the unfor- tunate inhabitants. These were great forays; but there were num- grcua lesser raiders who were out MebymeEnizIishKine-iohnmhm he came North to punish the dis. affected barons who had sworn

noe to Alexander King of Scotland, in 1213. Apart from his loose morals and

want cf religion, it thus come to as recognized that John hui all the political genius and energy of liis race. The story 0f his reign is

an interesting one; it is neverthe- '

lcq overshadowed by his perfldy, his innate cruelty, and‘ shameless debauchery. He hmd twice visited the North of Erlgland before 1213, but the only legend connected with these visits rein/tea to the freeman of the town of Alnwick. John appears to have, for some reason. favored the winter months fol‘ his Northern Ifllfheys, for he m n. Bambursh Castle, near Holy Island on Feby. 13-15. 120i. He had passed through Alnwick. where the royal carriage had got bogged‘ In the bad road at the entraoe to the flown. By way of making the punishment fit the crime, John

eligible for the freedom of the town unless he first dragged in white garments and struggled

through the Freeman's Pond on the ouiskits of Alnwick. This ceremony, conceived in malice. was speedily tilrned into rustic horseplay that nirvived for over aix hundred years! John again visited Alnwicle in i209. ut his third visit in 1213 _ lilltis the one he is best remem- tered by. »

in January 121; it is recorded that the Kim: was again at, Bam- liumh preparing to move against

urned the town over to the Scottish King for t payment in "merits." so that John clearly had no claim to it: nevertheless he laid siege to. and captured the town in 1214, after which he treated the garrison and inhabitants with great cruelty hanging seine and torturing others. From there he advanced into Scot- hnd on e. foray of which we are told little: but on his return to lowed at Berwiok for the night. Before departing in the morning, he live orders to fire the town, which was done and Berwick was reduc- Od to ashes. As his custom was. in his northern journeys, he ap- med the torch to his lodging with nfynmhandi ih rr u. on o . e or ern coun- "e- being distant mm the English Noiial. had maintained abort of Tillllht independence that often hm‘ m‘? wlitfelkn. The nobles and chief men enraged by John's °1ll8a entered ‘into correspond- llace with Alexander King of Scot- ‘znd. and at length did homage that monarch at Flelton, a vil- kage about forty miles inside the iillsh border. with characteristic “m” 3°31“ Bothered his forces mil 8min marched northward held). devastating the country as b Mine. Fclton was sacked and "llgfil. Ainwick. the ccuntv town. nofcred the same fate. There is hmmention of John's raiding 3mg. we this time; affairs in the south "iloo pressing. and brought the m‘ W5“ to a speedy close.

3'0“! cr Windsor Beans

134111 vicar I have a boiling or are pf broad beans. which (to mi! m,” i" as good as the hest of co" Harden beans! In the Old

“ml were classed as 2 which meant, I . that they were of high new! content, though I had Th come across a probe: analysis, m"? Who are fond c broad beans a wflflequently ridle Weir Wellies or atone for over-ennui! modlllfifflc disturbance. Eaten in he oration they would no doubt

ls effective as Daniel's "pulse" mbroduciniz “a fairer and fatter wmléteranrc’ (Daniel 1.15); in fnct n“ f»! the old-time yillagers. who "wed hcir Bibles very literally. be- "N that broad beans and pulse M one and the same. Not bnd

' flutes. for many accounts of ii

i

wane... POULTRY:

We don't like u» Import it. “i 5ND our plant going

"a heed zcoiioc m. poultry m‘ “H. 0m- svenge price "l" meet all chore. Wherever Wlfllble milk-feed Ind flllllh a"!!! chickens. but whether m or not. we can use “n- ihlll "been or truck.

The Royal Packing llcnipany

these beans have come do thxnaxmznttworl wn from Br an radltion says that btignorvlisinali‘ habitat of m, hm.‘ shores bf th Perm‘ or m’ m‘ mm “ma, a Caspian Sea. With My we find it among the relics recovered from the prehistoric lake-dwellings or cran- n°8es of Switzerland and other European counties. A noble Roman “willy 91° Willi. took their sur- name from this vegetable, which ivlviul-lfilflldll Faba: and in Rome also ° the solemn feast called Fabaria when broad beans w...“ offered in honor of Cams {he Zxilfe of Janus“. the god of the op. smug year. At one time." saye m’; amt. the Romans beiievsd "Md demsouls of such as had dfgd e t rota‘ beans and even Cicero

“we "ed eqlffilly extravagant rtllo 017s of" them. Diogenes Laertius

fimght beans are the substance w ich contains the largest portion of that animated matter of which our souls are particles." FTom speculations like this it was easy w pass the "black m" of witchcraft: and we next find Porphyrus directing us to “take the flowers of the bean when they be- sin t? Blgwbblackl, Dilt them in i3. Vi?!" "l W)’ t in ground~ at the end of ninety days. when it is 0981\nd. the head of a child will‘ be found at the bottom."

The flowers o! the broad bean are white with a large black spot on the petals; the color is a true 5180!. the only real black that I have observed among flowers! The whole plant (except the seeds) turns black in drying. The flow- gfimehflll! I- mfllt agreeable per-

The broad bean has several sub- varieties one of which is called the horse-bean extensively cultivated in the south of Imglarid as food for horses. The horse bean is rather smaller than the garden variety. and with a brown "cracked" (crushed) with the grain ration. Then there were white-skinned and green-skin- ned types. and to show how per- sistent these are. I still have them coming to light among my beans after more than a decade of care- ful selection. One thing I have accomplished: from a very mixed collection of seed, I have taught them all w produce four beans in a. pod and sometimes five. A small matter perhaps you think, but s. great convenience to the one who shells them! ‘

Broad beans have not caught on this country, as they ought. The giants are scarcely happy in our ot summers, and they are sub- ilegt to two serious insects pests. ere is a kind of black apnis which attacks the tips of the growing plants and is very des- tructive. In the garden this is controlled by shearing off the tender tops of the plants after a cluster our two of pods has formed. English gardeners remove all "suckers" which spring from the roots, for the same reason, and to get better pods. The aphids find it difficult to infest the older bark of the beans. The other pest is the garden ant, which carries the aphids to “fresh fields and pas- tures now" on stems and roots: and if the season is dry. satisfies its thirst by gnawing the neck of the plant and drinking the sap which exudes. Sometimes I have seen beans wilt from this cause.

ARCTURUS AND HIS SONS

look out of the west wind-cw. just as darkness is falling. and directing your gaze n‘ little to the northward. you will be attracted by a compact little constellation known as Oorona Borealis. the Northern Crown. It is an almost complete circle of stars, as its name suggests. mostly of fourth magnitude (old style): but the bright star st like a gem in the front of the tiara. is between second and third magnitude Astronomers accepting the implication have named this star "Gemma? the jewel; but, to the Arabs. who also were keen observers, it was known as Alpherat or Alphacca. We can use this neat little group as a landmarkf‘ on the right of it, that is. slightly northward, i5 the constellation Bootes. which the ancients outlined as a tall mzin holding back a leash of hunting- dogs, the Canes Vennticl. (The dogs were supposed in; be chasing the Bear round the Pole.) If we follow on the curve of the “dip— pcr handle," (or the tail of Ursa Mayor.) we come to the principal star in Bootes~ the celebrated Arcturus. one of thcbrifllltPfif-‘lflls north of the celestial cquatnr. This star is a sun. of (RPM miVYYlllllAP- more than one hundred times as large as ours. Astronomers say its spectrum resembles that of our own sun. but is in a morr advanc- ed stage. Arcturus is mentioned in Job 9. 9. and again in chapter as, where the Almighty demands “f the patriarch: “Canst thou Blllde Arcturus with his sons? The British Astronomer naval gives us additional figures in con- nection with this star. In the new system of stellar magnilildffi Arcturus ranls 0.2. the some a5 the well-known star Capellapit is distant from us 41 liizht-YBRY-i- ""5 if the sun's radius be taken M 1- thon the radius of Arcturus Li: 30. On the left of Corona Boi-eails is . "one of the ttildest ha)! sk fi res." no cons!) - ghmgg recxeonglzlif the brightness of its stars. but deserving notice on several important scientific counts. which will be treated of in the near future.

heels mm! Monograph!

Two subjects which 1 have per- sistently recommended to the at- tgntlon g young people of either sex who look forward to a career in the public. commerial or PTOTPFSlNl‘ a1 services. are the arts of Precis- writing and stenogrsohw- The fol‘- rner is the art of condensing liter- airy rnatterinto its shortest from in cludflig nothing irrelevant i 0-1:‘ omitting nothing important. I t0 not recollect any neat in the Bri -t tan Civil service which does 00' have Proofs-writing among its li<.

ip

MARS

I CONSERVATION I

A W'BII_4Y COLUII OI‘ YIAUIIOAL OPINIONS 0F ‘I'll VITAL ISSUES AIIICTIING TEE USES AND ABUSES 0F NATURAL RESOURCES BY

IIFIILD

vii/m. Luomw JENKINS.

an arrest FOR our: non- wurra

(By E. LEE LDCOIWPPE. State Game Warden)

Uncontrollable conditions have greatly reduced the supply of that wonderful and most beneficial game bird the bob-white, in Maryland areas, ‘The very severe winter of 1936 undoubtedly took a large toll of these species of up- land game as well as other species. The State Game Department can- not alone bring back an adequate supply. We must have the coopera- ation of aninterestcd public. The sportsmen can cooperate in this matter by contracting the farmers trying to get them interested in leaving corners along their fence- rows or along or near wooded areas or by not burning brush which is out but pile same and fur- nishing adequate nesting sites for the coming spring.

Game restoration must be prac- ticed if we expect to increase and maintain a supply, not only of up- land game but song and insectivor- ous brids as well. We appeal to the farmers of our State to leave nest- ing sites for ground-nesting birds and small game animals and rec- ommend planting of beneficial seeds and trees which are neces- sary for iratural food for the maj- ority of species of wild-life. We recommend the planting of all or a part of the following: bush- clovers; lespedeza; partridge peas: pines; ragweed; beggaxweeds; oaks: milk peas; corn; cowpeas; soy- beans; sumacs; wheat: hogpeanut;

black locust; snapweeds; pcspalum grasses; sideseed grasses; sweet- giéfi grapres: dewberrles; black-

ea; wild chgi-ries: bavberries: waxmyrtles; flowering dogwood; wild beans; smariweeds; bristle grasses; sesban; danglepod! sas- safras; wltchgrasses: nut sedges: huckleberries; blueberries; deer-

berries; tupelos: black gums; crab- grasses: violets: hollies; ilex; blue- curls; buttonweed; poison ivy; pec- nut: blueweed: butterfly pea: sorghum; beautvberry; morninq glories; stingnettle; sheep sorrel: dock ;ancl other green-food plants; Mexican clover; vetches.

It is not onlv essential that na-

more rapid progress. - when we come to Stenography. familiarly termed shorthand, we do not find it insisted upon in the Civil Service appointments; but in all branches of commerce. and in all the learned fessioris, aknow- ledge of shorthand is really of the first importance, The study of it is a mental discipline. the practice of it helps the artistic faculties. and the use of it enlarges the knowledge of the writer. In my own experience of this art I found it easy to acquire and a most valu- able aid in taking memoranda of notable occurrences. I never cared to go beyond 70 words a minute. but together with the precis-writ- ing, I could put down in one hour. what would have taken me six hours to transcribe verbatim in ordinary "longhand." Think of thc advant- age in such a matter as prepar- ini: notes for examinations! I have said that a knowledge of shorthand is easy to acquire: and it is "up to me" to prove it from my own experience. During my term as Pupil Teacher in the Old County I devoted my morning recess (or "Playtime." as the children called it) of about ten minutes. to the study °f the "shorthand ‘Peacherl’ a little six- penny book of elementary studies. As there uiss riobodv in the dis- trict who knew shorthand, it had all to be puzzled out and it took about 51X or seven months to inas- ter the book. 'l'hen I tackled the “Manna? and by the end of two years I had a good working know- ledge of the system and could cor- respond with other shorthand writers. I afterwards bought the "Reporter." an advanced work. and consciontously went through ii. al- though I never used the anrt b3’ way of bilsiiiess or occupatrnmdt came in very useful in making botanical, zoological. and histori- cal notes. and I brought out with me several note-books full 0f fill‘- uclles.

when I first arrived in P. E. Island I noticed that the Short- liand taught here was different in some respects from what I had al- ready learnt, In England it was the system ns invented and de- veloped by Sir Isaac Pitmau: 0" this continent shorthand iva= in- iroduccd bv his brother and so is known as the Ben Piiman sytsrm. It dirl not undergo the radical changes that the Isaac Pitman shorthand did: and still uses some 0g the old original characters and

l

rules. ‘There is a difference, too. in the placing of the vowels. ivhleh. doubtless puzzles Island

wrfmhcrs who sample my ' When Sir Isaac's sons took at the turn of combined the

hand! over his business. the century, they ' "Teacher" and the "ManuaPof for- mcr years into the “Twentieth Century Instructor." the standard itext-book at the present day.

The point to be noticed how- ever. is that a person of ordinary intelligence. by studying I01‘ a Del’- iod of only ten minutes each day. outside assistance

nnd without could acqnirefin- knowledge 0f Stenography sufficient to be of

great service in his daily life.

I have read somewhere that the Isaac Pitman system is now taught in Toronto.

ARTESIAII WELLS

for information communicate with

ABRAH \N PETERS Prop. North American Hotel

Charlottetown. IEIJ. representing Trask Well Co.. Ltd.

‘ proved too

tural food should be planted but we also request our farmer friends to plant small plots l-4 to 1-2 acre 01" grain such a cowpeas, back- wheat, rape, millet, sorghum, sun- flower. corn or other seeds. said grain not to be cut but left to act as feed reservoir for the winter. Also recommend that a portion of grain, during the harvest. especially corn. be left standing or set up in tepee style for the fcailicred and furred friends for" the following winter. ‘

The State Game Department Wlli oo-cperate with the farmers in the matter by furnishing feed through the country agents. Game manage- ment and a restoration prcgrhm must be put into effect.

Wintering- Roses

At this time Gt ilic your the tlrouglils of uii rose growers ium ll) . the winter VpYOlCCIlOH o1’ iircii- i plants. All tpo often vigorous plums of great promise die from expos- ure w the winter conditions that prevail in this northern laiitude, states R. G. White. Student As-- sistant, Domiiiiuil Experimental Station. Fredericton, N. B.

Undoubtedly the primary re- quisite for good liillllttfflllg is to have well ripened bushes before cold weather sets in. In a dry year this usually occurs automatically, as the season ndvnnces. A wet year, however, may prolong growth to the danger point. Over such conditions the gardener has no control, but fertilization and cul- tivation should be so timed as to induce proper ripening of the current season's wood. Recent in- formation seems to indicate that well nourished plants ivinici" bct-, ter than starved ones. provided good maturity of ilie wood is ob- tained.

Roses have been grown at the Fredericton Experimental Station for over fifteen years. During that time some losses have been sus- taincd, but in general the plants have wintcrcd well. In discussing protection one must bear in mind that killing occurs more from dry- ing winds and alternate periods of freezing and thawing, than from actual cold. Thus, the grow- ing parts should have u covering that will protect these nrcns from such conditions. Rugosas and polyantha roses are hardy. but the hybrid perpetuals. and hybrid teas must have protection. At one time the roses at the Station were wintered by trenching the plants deep in the ground. ‘They wintered qui e well, but the work involved great, so this method was abandoned for the equally effective. yet much simpler method of mouncllng up Just before the ground freezes, the stems are tied loosely together to irrevciit the snow from brciikiiiu ilicm clown. and the bushes are their mound- ed with earth to n height of from eight to twelve inches.

This earth is taken f1'om_ be- tween the plzints. No additional covering is given ilnlcss the llcd is manurecl. The practice is not to prune any of the bushes in the nutuinn as this might cause the cx- posed tissue to dry out. In this way the roses whiter quite well, last winter not a plant died. _Dur- ing a year with n slight fnll of snow, as occurred in 193G. the loss runs up considerably. A precaution against a light snowfall ‘would be to use ndrlitionnl covering in the form of evergreen boughs, or leaves to protect the plants and hold the snow, these to be put on nfterlthe ground freezes. Soggy materials should be avoided us‘ they tend to blacken and rot the wood.

Although climbers nrc not grown at the Station. they may be pro- tected by removing them from their trcllises. coiling them up carefully to prevent any breakage and covering them COIIUQlPICLV with six inches or so of cnrih. Addi- tionnl covering of lioughs or rlrv leaves mnv hr given if closirrci. ,Somc growers} simpli" lav illc cam-s down and build a xvonrloir box around them. fillinr: ihr- box with dry lmrdwoori lerivcs. The 112x should have n lonkyuww l'i'i\’l‘l' to keep out the ivnicr. Rn vs so win- tered should lmvc tho covcrinir rc- movcd gradually so as not in or:- pose thi- stems surldcniv to the changeable iasirioris ni sunshine and cool spells. ilirii ri(‘f‘ill' in the spring. Lcrsc-iriiirr the c!“ "prim: "Huroorlw-a is mlv

a rlrr-uloticn cl‘ rlv i ihoi i: ynnrl for ihc l,‘l“"i§‘~‘,

Tree roses nlvnirl-i l"i‘l' lliPll‘ roots loosened on our rlrlo. rind

the whole nlnnt ioirl How". and covered with earth. bciur: sirc the root is well covered.

Those siiriolc mClllOfF s=l~nuld prove setkfnr-invv iiwlnv ri'rl'ii""v northern rondliinne. with iiic rc- sult that. nnyonr- gvorviiw r0 m‘ can look fnrrvnrrl in n cowl bloom the follorvinir your.

FYI-‘E 1y nxmivsin WOLVERl-IANIPFON. Fiiwlnnn _

(CF) -—K. C. Fyfc. Sm fish iuicr- nniionul ihrrc-nunricr. has ac- cepted a business appointment here and will probablv loin one of "LMlQUUiLTllSbY rliiha .

"09.

order with sixteen dollars.

are not brcd.

Department of Agriculture.

[44231-11-4-3‘ '

of competitive subjects. Careful ‘mm-e ":6, m3,’ gwhggmg: Get our proposition while student’? masmhw wii u" ‘quinine b iuin

Weekly Livestock Market Report

SUMMARY

OITAWA. October Tl-A mod- erate supply of cattle odifered at stock yards and shipped direct to packing plants during the past week allowed of the run being cleared out at generally steam’ prices. A much “ " ..... of cattle oin export to tho United. States contributed to an improved position in Canadian markets and an: change in prices. however small. was in an upward direction. The calf market remained mostly unchanged with the exception of Toronto. where sales were strong to 50c higher in some cases. Hogs proved an erratic trade. the market opening lower than last week, show- ing further declines toward mid- week. but finally closing with sub- stantial gains being c. Lambs were strong to Ziioulxiivsher at Tor- cnto and generally a-nged else. where. Cattle. supplies were abou 4.000 head below the previous week and also lighter than in the cor- responding week lav; year by a like amount. The run of calves was on a par with last weak and the same week last year, while sheep and lambs were slightly less.