JUNE 15» 1949

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IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

G

Greenland is a colony of Den- mm; It; strategic position gives pa“ importance should there be n major conflict ln' the future. “Situated approximately half-way between North America and Eu- rope, she could serve as a ‘way sta- tion‘ for aircraft travelling from we continent to the other. About three-quarters of her territory is located north of the Arctic Circle. She is thus within flying distance 1i Northern Europe, Russia, Sl- bcrla, Canada, and the United States.

During the Second Great .wll‘ Sreenland allowed the United States to build air bases, as well i; weather and radio stations ‘on ihc island.

The airfields were used for re- ‘ucllng and repairing bombers flying to Europe to join in the bat- jit‘ thcre- They were also used by iircraft coming back to the United Itatcs or Canada-

The weather stations I Croon- and aided the Allies in a nurnbe )f “Vikki.

l. They gave information about tile weather of the North Atlantic area; 2. They also gave informa- tion about the weather of North- yrn and Western Europe.

Greenland is 1,650 miles long and greatest breadth is 800 miles. The interior is completely buried under irr- of great thickness; surface gen- mally mountainous; highest peak. Petermann Spitze (C. 11.000 ft.) The- area of Greenland is C._ 826.000 square miles; 50.000 square milos ricr free portion). The population is C. 20.000. (Eskimos and Euro- peans). The capital is Godthaab. Thr largest town or settlement ls Sydproven.

Eric the Red visited Greenland in M4. He named it Greenland, from the little fringe of summer vege- tables he beheld on approach to the shore.

Greenland is administered today by two "inspectors” each of whom is in charge of half the island. Both are appointed by the Danish King and are responsible for their activities to the Danish Ministry of Home Affairs.

Trade on the island is controlled by the Royal Greenland Trade Mis- sion, which is owned by tha Danish Government and has a monopoly of all Greenland’: economic activities. The mission fixea the price of all products sold within the colony and determines wh at commodities should be bought from other coun- tries.

Most of the settlements on the island are on the southern and western shores, where such vege- tables as carrots and turnips are grown and where cattle and sheep are raised, Hunting, fishing, min- ing are the chief industries. Green- land exports: salted fish, seal skins. fox skins, whale and seal oil, eiderdown, and cryollte (a min- eral product used in" the manufac- ture of aluminum.)

Copper and iron ore are mined as well as a number of other min- erals in small quantities. Fauna includes lemming, musk-ox, white wolf. polar bear, reindeer, Arctic fox and ermine.

Greenland claims that it is, next to Australia, the largest island in the world. Of the total area 712.- 750 squsre miles are covered with ice, in some places to the depth of 2000 feet. ‘

VERBS

The two kinds of verbs are tran- sitive and intransitive.

l. A transitlveverb is one that passes its action over to a receiv- er. The receiver of the action may he either the direct object or the subject.

Direct object as the receiver: The man explains his statement.

Subject as the receiver: The

statement is explained by the man.

2. An intransitive verb is one that does not pass its action over to a receiver. An intransitive verb may be complete in itself; or it may link the subject with s noun, a pronoun or an adjective in the pre- dicate.

Complete in itself: read lazily.

Links subject t with predicate noun: The comics are their diet.

Most persons

>"l know, it sounds a little strange. But l was

the first nian ever to reach

mountain. Of course, there were others with me — but I got to the top first. So they let me name lt— and -l called it Mine.” _ A survey party of the Royal Canadian Engineers! One of many that set out every summer to esplore Canada's vast unknown wilderness. These men map and survey areas of Canada's wilds, collecting data for mineral development and settlement.

The Engineers an typical of the soldiers of Canada's new Army. They are fully taught for

u. u» uuabun ARMY ACTIVE hid»...

THE CANADIAN ARMY-—"INSURANCE

the top of that

of ambition.

‘ 4

s~~se-s~.a'=ss-r--~

such trades as draughting. carpentry, QR laying and mechanics. Young men with Senior Matriculation are being sent to University on full pay and allowances — tuition and books free. Upon graduation, these men will be granted commissions. Truly, Canada's new Army has a great deal to odor young men

Visit your nearest recruiting ollce soon. Get full detailaontbaadvantagesoianArmycarecr. You are eligible it you an l7 years of age or over and can meet Army requirements. Bring along certificates of your age and education.

11m GUARDIAN. caanwrrarown

THE 15o ucA TIONAL uomzozv

‘PRESENTING NEWS AND YIEWS OI‘ INTEREST TO TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING

SOUTH AFRICA

During the Napoleonic Wars Britain had acquired from the Dutch the Cape of Good Hope which gave her a firm foothold in South Africa. A few years later in 1820 an important British set- tlcment was established in the east coast of Cape Colony. As a result of the British intrusion the Boers trekked inland and formed two new colonies: Orange Free State and the Transvaal Republic. The ex- pansion of British rule beyond Cape Colony was largely due to the work of Cecil Rhodes who was fir- ed with an ambition to bring as much of Africa as possible under British flag. The discovery of dia- monds in Kimberley and gold in the Transvaal (1886) aroused new interest in the country. In the en- suing rush Britain claimed Bechu- analand. Cecil Rhodes then for- med the British South Africa Com- pany in 1889. He came to regard Matabeleland as "white man's country" and used his fortune made

. THE REBELLIO

The Rebellion Losses Bill propos- ed to idemnify those who had suf- fered iosles in Lower Canada dur- ing the Rebellion of 1837. Many opposed the sure very strongly on the ground that it would pay rebels as well as loyalists. The bill was passed by both the Assembly

THE

The Atlantic Ocean off the Marl- time Provinces contains many kinds of fish, but by farthe most import- ant is cod. Two important ocean, currents meet here, the warm Gulf Stream from the south and the cold Labrador Current from the North. lnto these flow the waters of the St. Lawrence River. They Combine to make the temperature of the water and the amount of salt in it just right for cod to live. They also bring enormous numbers of small water plants called plank- ton, on which the small fish fe.d. These small fish are called capelln, and they are-food for the larger fish, which in turn are food for the hungry cod. Besides all these things. there are a number of shal- low places in the ocean, often less than 300 feet deep, which are a

FOR PEACE"

mounfairl is mine."

in diamond mining to develop this native area. After many hardships his company took over the whole of ‘Matabeleland and renamed it Rhodesia. Trouble with the Boers was r elved with the dsicovery of gold at Johannesburg in 1886, which led to a rush of gold prospector- into the Transvaal. The Boers re- sented the presence of these "Ult- lenders" and refused to grant them rights as citizens. The British Gov- ernment intervened on behalf of the Uitlanders, but prolonged nego- tiations falled and war broke out in 1889, The Boers offered strong resistance but the superior num- bers and equipment of the British gradually won. Peace was declared in i002 and the Boer republic was annexed to the Empire; four years later they were granted complete seIf-governmenQ ln 1909 the, dif- ferent South African colonies were joined to form the Union of South Africa.

N mssns ans.

and the Legislative Council. Lord Elgln, Governor-General. assented to it because it had been passed by the representatives of the people. This decision completed the long struggle for responsible government in Canada and the British govern- ment upheld him.

COD

' suitable depth for cod. Theé shal- low areas are banks, the largest be- lnl! the Grand Banks of Newfound- land. Cod females usually have about 2,500,000 eggs a year. Of course many of the young ones are eaten by other fish. Cod near the shore are fully grown in two years, while those on the banks fake four years to develop. The chief food of thfi cod is herring or squid, but it wl eat any small fish.

THE C. T. F. IN REVIEW By J. A. S. Williams

As the school year is very near its close, and as many pupils will soon be writing the matriculation examinations to P. W. C., this will be the last issue for the school year ending June 30th.

Our main thought throughout the year has been to give the teachers and pupils as much help and service as possible. We have tried to provide material which has dealt with many of the problems facing our teaching body, and hav- ing a direct bearing upon the peo- ple of this Province.

We are grateful to the publish- ers. contributors, correspondents and all others who have helped and encdllraged us in our efforts, We can report the very finest co-opera- tion wherever-cooperative’ effort was needed.

We also express our gratitude to the General Secretary for the excel- lent contributions which he has contributed thi year.

. To our teacher readers, we hope your summer vacation will come up to your expectations in every re- spect, and that this period will pro- vide you with the rest. relaxation and change which are so essential to best work when on duty. To most of us vacation means n change of work. The labor and self-denial of teaching. if applied to other occupations, would re- ceive in them much larger com- pensstlon in money than when ‘put into "keeping school." Let us as teachers remember, the teachers are members of a noble profession. and are doing a big job. Instruc- tion and training in youth are the means of bringing abundant har- vests of national wealth. as well as of some better fruits. We arc the instructors. We must not lose our professional pride. We should be proud that we are teachers and are worthy of the greatest consid- eration posslble. The teacher is the dominant factor in our system of education. The success of the school is not conditional upon the school-house, the equipment, the premises, the location. the as! l" which we live, the course of study, but it is dependent upon the teach- er. if the teacher is right, in dut- time. all these other things will be added.

It is our task to make the peo- ple see that our educational set-up needs revision to give it new life. so that it may satisfy. in a mea- sure, the needs of our young peo- pie.

The school is democracy‘: great-

‘eat gift to civilization. It has been

said that whct Canadian Schools teach for the next few years v'lll determine what sort of nation we shall have on this northern half of this continent.

This is a reminder to teachers of today to persuade and prove to the public and to lflvifflmlnll that education ls_ a service suffici- ently worthwhile to be carefully planned. adequately paid for, and scientifically adjusted to meet the needs of the present day.

lt is then, the function of the school, through carefully selected experiences to stimulate. modify. and direct the growth of each pu- pil physically, mentally, morally. and sociaiyi, so that tha continual enrichment of tha individuals lilo and an improved society may re- suit.

With the demand for higher sal- ariaa and salary schedules must go a request for longer training per- iod for teachers; a granting of more efficient service and higher academic qualifications. Salaries. security of tanurs. fair superannu- ation, must be established to at- tract back to the profession or draw into the profession and hold tha highest type of student. Teaching must be a "profession" not a "pro- cession." No school can be better than ita teacher, no educational system can rise above the aspira- tions of ita teagiara, and working conditions for achera can never be batter than the public deems satisfactory for tha majority of

fllfliffl

Teacher Suppl

Causes of Teacher Shortage: 1. Low salaries. 2. Community restrictions on life of tha teacher. 3. Community interference In the work of teaching. i 4. The low prestige of the pro-

5. The lllpeal of competitive in- dustries and professions. 6. ‘Marriage. ‘

7. The low standards of academic qualifications required generally for entrance to teacher-training schools and the low standards for teacher training, which lower the prestige oi.’ the profession and the salaries. Low academic standards for en- trance tend to encourage the en- trance of poor students, and result in lowering of teaching quality. with consequent lowering of pres- tige and salaries.

8. Poor living and working condi- tlons for teachers, particularly in rural areas.

Solutions Proposed by Teacher Organisations:

1, Considerable Federal aid education.

2. Canada-wide salary schedules.

3. Raising the standards of en- trance to teacher-training schools.

4. Elimination of a number of the present certificates and the institu- tion of uniform, basic certificates.

5. Closing of small enrolment schools.

d. Suitable schemes. .

7. Sabbatical leave and a change in the present compulsory re- quirements of summer school.

8. Improving working and living conditions.

High School Students’ Views on Teachers and Teaching:

l. About one-third of the high school students questioned said they would like to teach school if they had an opportunity to pre- pare for it.

2. Their interests in teaching ap- peared to be: (a) pleasure in work- ing with children; (b) the work is a social service: (c) remuneration. hours of work and holidays are at- tractive; (d) one has opportunity ever to increase his own knowledge.

3. Those not interested in teach- ing said: (a) they lacked the ability or suitable personality; (b) salaries are not attractive; (c) the hours are long and monoton- ous; (d) the job lacks both social recognition and opportunities for advancement.

4. High School students think teaching service most useful to the community. They rank their teach- ers high on personality and char- acter traits. They don't think teachers enjoy their work any more on the average, than do persons in the seven other occupations na- med.

to

superannuation

A recessional is a hymn sung by the choir, as they retire from the chancel at the end of th_e Anglican service. Kipling’s "Recesslonal" was first published in the London "Times" in 1897 towards the end of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubi- lee celebrations. These celebrations had been most magnificent. The.

THE STATUS OF THE TEACHING PROFESSION (Gonfd)

RECESSION AL

y and Demand

6. The majority of the students say that their past teachers were

friendly to and interested in their‘

students and that they knew what they tried to teach. They say, how» ever, that many teache a have poor teaching ability, that many do not deal fairly and impartially with students, and that their discipline la poor. Teaching and Teachers as loan by Men in Business, Industry, and the Professions: _

1. The teaching profession lacks prestige.

2. Students with initiative, am- bition, drive and good personality trait turn to business and indus- try ther than to teaching.

3. The granting of temporary and low-grade certificates to the par- tially or unwhoily trained persons who are permitted to replace teach- ers in time of teacher shortage does much to lower the prestige value of tha profession.

4. Because those who do not in- tend to remain in the profession are allowed to enter upon it, teach- ing in the public mind is e job not o. career.

5. The public outlook is a hang- over from the days of the little red school house. Too many fall to understand what modern education means or is.

6. Schools and outbuildings are Pflflrly equipped and are frequently in a state of disrepair. The teach- er carries the halo or the stigma of his surroundings.

7, It is undignlfied to be treated as a servant. The teacher is hired and paid by the local authorities. The teacher is too directly associ- ated with the thoughts of assess- ment and taxes.

B. Teachers would gain in prestige if trained in universities as mem- bers of other pmfesslons.

9. Teaching status must be rais- ed so that only fully qualified teachers are permitted to teach. Eventual aim should be a univer- sity degree for every teacher. All other professions require it. Why not one of the most important pro- fesslons?

10. Teaching is the lowest paid profession. therefore teaching stan- dards had to be greatly reduced to keep the required number of teach- BPS.

ll. l believe that the teaching profession should pay more atten- tion to its public relations - - - members of the teaching profession have a story to tell which is just as good as any story which can be told by any other profession. Why they don't get out and tell it is hard to understand. Instead of that, they labor their own short- comings. and encourage everyone else to do the same thing.

poem was written upon the with- drawal of the immense display of military and naval forces which had been assembled in honour of the event. The prayer of the poem is that the British people, in their efiuitation at the display of the

RUDOLPH DING

Two years of speculation came to an end when it was announc- ed that Rudolph Bing, a man of considerable background in Eur- opean opera. will succeed Edward Johnson ‘as head of the Metropoli- tan Opera association when John- son leaves his post of l5 years next June. Bing will arrive in New York in October to famil- iarize himself with the Mel's 0p- eratfon. Bing’a background in the practical operation of mp0! theatres and his organization of the Edinburgh festival are believ- ed to have carried great weight with the Met's board of direc- tors.

PAGE THIRTEEN

Invitation Skeet Shoot lit Saint John

Saturday, June the 18th, will see a large number of shoote and many interested onlookers ii the site of the Saint John Gui Club Ltd. in Tucker Park. wher the international Invitation Ske Shoot wiil_be _held on that data The park is situated three mile! out the Sandy Point Road head-

ing off Rockland Road in the city of Saint John. N. B. During the past number of

years. the Maritime Trap and Skeet Association has created six different classifications for skeet Shoflters. so that competitors of all stages may compete with other gunners in their own category. These classifications are made up at a certain time of the year by the Maritime Secretary, and erg based on Club averages plus the score sheets from any registered shoot. This means that at any registered skeet meet every com- petitor has an equal chance at the prize list. Each class. namely AA. A. B. C. D and E. usually re- ceive the same first. second Ind third prize.

At the International June 18th. the prizes for trap shooting will be the same a: those of the skeet field, and the bear tran too, has numerous val-

Shoot or.

Vilesl Prince Ministerial Assoc. Holds Meeting

—The West Prince Ministerial Association mot for the regular monthly meeting on Tuesday ai~ ternoon. June ‘ita at the mum Church Manse in O'Leary. the guests of Rev. W. G. and Mrs. Dickson. The president, Rev. George Cunningham of Alberton presided. Devotions were taken hy Rev. H. M. Burgess of O‘Leary. The minutes were read by Rev. J. M. Sheen of Elmsdale. A splendid paper on the section of the Apostles Creed entitled “He des- cended .lnto Hell" was given by Rev. Mr. Cunningham. in which a number of the members joined in an interesting discussion.

A welcome was extended to the new Church of England Rector at Alberton, Rev. J. R. MacMahon, who has recently come and who at- tended the Ministerial Association for the first time. He succeeds Rev. J. W. Nowe who has been transferred to Coxheath Parish. near Sydney. NB. Rev. Mr. Mac- Mahon kindly invited the ministers to his Induction service on July 19th in Alberton.

Itwas decided to hold an Open

Continued on Page l9.

Air meeting in 0'l.eary on satur-

uable prizes.

A canteen will operate all day for the convenience and service of the public and the Saint John Gun Club drawing will also lake place during the dav for some outstanding prizes including an outboard motor. a canoe. a pump gun. a flv rod and blankets.

On this the occasion of their first international invitation Shoot. it is with genuine pleas-

ure that the executive and mem- bers of the Saint John Gun Club extend a cordial welcome to fel- low gunners to come and take pat-i in the shoot.