THE GUARDIAN

. Harlin; Dolly (Ionnded in lllt) . Authorised rsa lacoao Clean loll, Peas Offfoe Department, Ottawa. j . ‘Ilse sauna Guardian Pobllalslpg Co. Idiiar and Imaging Director. J. ls._Burnestr ' Aaaoeloso Editor, Irnok Walker

who Strongest Memory is Weaker Than ‘

g the Weakest lnk." buAnLoTTurowN. TUESDAY, AUGUST s, 1m

The lssuo is Bureaucracy

in protesting against the ruling of tho Board of Transport Commissioners on the freight rates issue, the dissenting Provinces took the ground that the Board provides "a wholly inadequate machinery for the proper con- sideration of this problem," and that responsi- bility for a decision rests with the Governor-in- Council.

This is sound Liberal gospel, at least as enunciated in a recently published pamphlet: ”Convenfion Prelude: A Survey of Liberal Opin- ion," which is a reprint of a series of authoritative articles on Liberalism appearing in the Winnipeg Free Press. The leading article in the pamphlet is on Democracy vs. Bureaucracy, by the Hon. C. G. Power, P.C., e former member of the King Cabinet, who has just announced that he is in the running for the Liberal Party leadership. Mr. Power has this to say:

"The practice of ‘conferring power without responsibility upon Boards, Commissions and Crown Companies should cease. These bodies must be as much under the authority of the Min- ister of the Department concerned as are ordin- ary civil servants in the some department, and he should be answerable to the same extent for their acts of omission or commission. When it is made clear that special extraordinary powers are absolutely necessary in order to deal with certain contingencies let Parliament dele- gate these powers, but only to the Minister who shall be specifically mentioned in the legisla- tion, and who shall be answerable to Parlia- ment for the exercise thereof.

"Moreover, the special authority conferred should be for specific purposes and the objec- tions clearly stated in the legislation. The authority itself should be limited in extent to that which is required for these specific pur- poses-no omnibus clauses with a little more for good measure ‘in case they were needed.’ Finally, this authority granted to the Minister should be limited as to time and the law itself re-enacted at each session of Parliament, if the contingency continues to exist. This procedure would ensure an annual review of the powers granted by Parliament, on annual report of the administration of the law, and an annual sub- mission by the Minister of the exercise of the powers conferred upon him."

As the dissenting Provinces have pointed out, the constitution, powers and duties of the Board of Transport Commissioners, including the statutory provisionsunder which it fun-c- tions as a, regulatory body, should themselves be subjected to a Royal Commission inquiry. A creature of the Railway Act, the Board's only proper functions are limited to the degree per- mitted by that Act.‘ As an administrative tri- bunal, its powers are only those given to it by ‘Parliament and those powers do not enable it to carry out the broad and revolutionary changes proposed in its tampering with the freight rate structure.

Those Slow iirltlshers

The first public demonstration in Britain of a new method of weed and pest control from the air by helicopter was given this month near Cam- bridge. Experiments have previously been made in the United States in spraying crops from a helicopter. But the United Kingdom method in-

troduces a fresh technique based on an import--

ant new principle. The slipstream of air mov- ing down from the helicopter's rotor at a speed of 20 miles per hour is used to carry the spray onto thd crops. The rebound caused by the Itream of air striking the ground enables the bpray to reach the underside of the leaves which Ip till now have been so difficult to protect ade- quately. The machine is flown very low, coming down to within one or two feet above the plants. It can travel sideways, backwards or forwards with equal ease or hover for several minutes over one spot.

fir. Gardiner’: llampaign

Rt. Hon. Mr. Gardiner’: spirited campaign n. the Liberal leadership has been aided con- siderdrly by the Liberal debacle In Quebec in which Rt. Hon. L. J. St. Laurent played so prom- inent o part. The Minister of Agriculture, let- ting no gross grow under his feet, recently made public his platform for Canada. lt cal-ls for a more aggressive development of Canada's nat- ural resources; less centralization of industry in Ontario and Quebec and more equitable dis- tribution of industry throughout the Dominion through a $150,000,000 project for harnessing water power and utilizing coal and iron de- posits; an immigration policy that would double the Dominion's population by 1963; a $150,- 000,000 project for storage and utilization of water in Western Canada for agricultural pur- poses; expansion of social security policies, in- cluding a contributory old age pension plan ap- plieoble at the igi of 65, notional health in- surance, etc,- transcontinental highway system in Canada; development of fishing industry on inland lakes; active policies to enlarge and bal- ance Conada’s export and import trade with the United Kingdom and the United States; building o greater numbor of ships; o foreign policy entailing closer co-qparation with Brit- oin and the Commonwealth, while continuing to co-opensta with the United States.

This list, comments the Sydney Post-Rec- ord, is impressive. It will appeal to o great

many-people, if adequately presented. And

who doubts Mr. Gordiner's ability t6 do that? lt may be said, with truth, that some parts of the policy are scarcely original with the Min- ister of Agriculture, but that does-not make them any the-less attractive. Moreover, Mr. Gardiner has “got there first" with his presenta- tion and will be able to make some advantage out of that fact. Regardless of what some peo- ple may think of his skill in the art of "poli- tics," he will make a strong bid to acquire the mantle of Prime Minister Mackenzie King.

- EDITORIAL NOTES -

‘And if these poor limbs die, safest of all." i I I I

The Governor-General in residence here.

Seven more days till Old Home Week.

Rain at night is had for haymaking, but good for other crops and tourists. I i I

Some speculators gambling in second-hand cars in the ”Black Market", got caught by the drop in excise duties Saturday.

I I I i

Charlottetown's Sea Cadets have gone to camp at Mahone Bay. Camp life and a trip in a R. C. N. ship should be something to be remembered.

I I I I , The Socialist members of the British House of Commons who objected to experiments in serving beaver tail soup must retain a certain conservatism in eating habits if not in politics. I I I

The anti-margarine brigade has switched from a political attack on the ban to disputing thelegol power of the Dominion Government to impose it. The forces of agriculture must also now be switched accordingly.

I I I I

"Will be passed ‘on to the consumer," is the refrain where ceiling releases are stated to involve the increase rn cost of raw material, ctc., to. manufacturers. Similarly, reduction in the additional excise tax means a reduction to the consumer. So far as the average farmer is concerned he is "out" in both regards. I I I I The thoughtfulness and consideration of the Government in the interest of rank-and-file Liberals was never more evident than in the adjustment in taxes and prices on the eve of the Liberal Convention. A prime cause of vexa- tron and criticism has been removed, and the Convention speeches will be correspondingly more optimistic. I I I ' E. F. B. (United Emergency Fund for Brrtorn) provides the answer to many of the difficulties of aiding the unfortunate in the Old Country. Among other things free ocean freight and inland transportation, customs ex- emptron and free warehousing facilities as well as the advantage of large scale buying are all made possible by this service. I I I I An acute observation on socialist propa- ganda was recently made by Mr. Blair Fraser, Ottawayeditor of Maclean's Magazine when he pointed out that, "Socialism has been allowed a ‘QUITE unnecessary advantage . . their ene- mres have done them the service of putting the Socialist label on measures of social reform that nearly everybody wanted."

I I I I

State medicine seems to require altogether new’ approach by the medical and dental pro- fessions. For instan u a Liverpool dentist ad- dressrngnhe British Dental Association gave zhrs advice for dealing with awkward children,

Pick them up and put them out of the surg- "Y telling them you have no time for them," he safd. "The shock of this is usually successful, especially if there is some toothache." '

G I w I

Now_that the Hon. C. G. Power has thrown hrs cap rn the ring, there should be something more doing in the selection of a

Liberal Leader than merely endorsing what has erroneously been assumed as Prime Minister King's choice. The backers of Agriculture M-rnrster Gardiner have gained courage to org- anrze more hopefully in his support. The island delegation leave here tomorrow in specially re- served saloon C. N. R. cars.

I I I I

Rupert Brooke, English poet, born this data 1887; was a great traveller having visited prior to 1914 the Continent of Europe, the United States, Canada and the South Seas. At the outbreak of Great War I he joined the Royal Naval Division, serving in Antwerp in 1914 and with the Mediterranean Expeditionary force the following year, dieing on the French Hospital ship at Lemnos. His Letters and Papers publish- ed in 1918. His output though small is of high rank, he being a master of the sonnet form:

". . . Safe shall be my going,

Secretly anned against all death's endeavour; Safe though all sofety's lost; safe where men fall;

IOII x

A four-storied scientific apparatus 40 feet high-designed to ensure that domestic heat- ing appliances give their maximum efficiency -is now complete at the Government Fuel Research Station, Greenwich, (London). Called the "calorimeter" building, it is the only one of its kind in the world. its main feature Is a battery of four calorimeter cabinets-each about the average size of o living room-made of 240 copper and plywood panels. Every one is a sensitive hoot-detecting instrument. Heating appliances of every kind ora installed in Jhe, cabinets and their performance tested under constant conditions. Distribution of heat In the walls, flaor, ceiling and in every corner of the roar! is automatically recorded on an

i

on} cannon»:

Soil Erosion Knows

No Boundaries

___-

(By Dr. E. H. Bennett. chief of U.S. Soil Conserva- tion Service, in an address at n recent. Joint meeting of the Maritime Branches of the Agricultural Institute of banana.)

VI

0 .1

The individual farmer ls the ‘master qf his own acreage and he quite properly should and does stand the expense of those con- servation and related improve- ments which benefit. hlm lndlv- idually and directly. But, when we add together such beneficial improvements on hundreds of thousands of farms and ranches,

especially in county, watershed, or other well-defined areas, the overall public benefit. may ex-

ceed the gains to the individual landholders affected. When the farmer's per acre production and income are increased and his family's health and general stand- ard of llvlng are raised-ass ll: el- most invariably 1s as a result. of his using good conservation farming measures-many other parts of society also share 1n .he gains: The local business com- munity where the farmer trades secs business pick up. Schools and churches quickly reflect the improved condition. Local and general government, which de- pend an the income from pro- ducts of the land for such a large share of their fax revenues, find those revenues increased. So it ls that s0ll conservation sets up

an endless chain of increased wealth.

Government. then, properly should share the responsibility and cost. of any country's soil conservation program. And we

have conclusive proof, which I could recite in detail if 1 had time, that the kind of soil con- servation ! have been talking about does pay back through these different. channels more than it. costs to either the individual or the government. O O O

Flood control, which I know ls

one of your problems here in Nova. Scotla. 1s an illustration of new soil and water conservation treatment of lands on watersheds actually benefits the public and the state as well as the" individual landowner and operator whose land actually 1s treated 1n the first instance. Floods which cause untold property destruction and loss of human life-ere no more than raindrops. infinitely multiplied and allowed to con- centrate into uncontrolled tor- rents, which sweep destructlvely over the banks of streams. You know about. that up here, as ma- jor portions of some of your wat- ersheds become stripped of their protective timber 1n lunaberlng‘ operations and the unrestrained water sweeps down through your valleys. . In the United States. we fin- ally have come to recognize uro- stream flood control as Dart. of our national policy. Such con- trol of wpshream rein comple- ments downstream detention structures. as levees, and other major engineering works. Al- ready, the soil Gonservallon Serv- ice and the Forest service. in W‘ operation with the Army 2.118111" gore, ere engaged 1n conservation flood control operations on l1 mnJiJf watersheds, while e lone number of flood control investi- gations and surveys are under way looking to extension 0f thll important undertaking. Although we work 1n cooperation with formers through soil conservation districts, the Federal Government bears a substantial share of tile cost, outright. because the pubdc benefits primarily-

Another effective item 1n 011! sail conservation program .1185 been me govea-rment puffihfle and management. by the 5°" Conservation Service, of sailo- mnrglnal lands, that ls, lands which ln times past. were brousht under the plow which new! should have been cultivated — never without adequate protec- tion at. any rate. Several mil- llons of acres of such land have been improved and are now be- lng operated profitably ea gm!- lng lands or timber lends-that. 1s. under proper use end WOW-

tlon. As to how certain phases of our program ltlllht. be 81199965 l9

conditions up here 1n the Meri- tlmes: It clearly 1s not ,. ‘“' for me to g0 into technical detail 1n this respect, practice by prec- tice. For exam/pie. I could tell about. our conservation work around Presque Isle, Maine, u n similar area. Rather, I feel that. the adaptability of this program. with such refinements es may be necessary to meet your purely local situations, suggests itself from e study of our eraperlencea. Already. I have observed, Cen- ndo and her various provinces horn taken poelllve steps looking to a comprehensive approach to your erosion and other lend-use problems. I am thinking, for in- stance, of the forward-looking findings of your Notional Oom- nslttee on Boll Conservation. from which l’ quoted earlier; of the Prairie Perm Rehabilitation Act. passed by Parliament in mo, and the water development and other conservation projects already completed under it; of the oonnmsnlty poeture projects ln Manitdse and laehtotsewon. slllllill t0 0ft! UIII [Nihilist- purobeee woleota nrentlmsed e casement ago: ailment and notions and through your awn station bore at

Nsllll. and through other Dominion superl-

instrunrent. ,

mental stations, Perinatal nqeet-

zoo raisin, {me rncscssc

\

., figuri- ‘l.

The Time For Reconciliation In Palestine

(By W. N. Elwer)

._.i.

The truce accepted by both sides 1n Palestine an order of the United Nations Security Council ls as yet: no more than e lull in the fighting. It. ls uneasy and un- stable.

Betti parties insist, that 1t can- not. last indefinitely: that. 1f there is no settlement there must. be renewed war until the issue 1s decided. The Arab Government have only accepted under intense pressure and because they would not flout the Council's authority. They accuse the Jews of having - ln violation of its conditions — brought in munitions and fight- ing men during the earlier truce. And certainly Israeli forces, when the fighting was resumed, had larger bombers and heavier artillery than before.

There will be restlessness and pressure on bot-h sides for de- nunclatlon of the new truce. ‘There may well be violations of 1t. Israeli euthorttfes have little or no control over Irgun Zvsl Leuml or over the Stern Ganf: nor is there absolute discipline ln the Arab ranks.

The position 1s unstable. And yet the chances of s settlement by consent. (though not by agree. merit) are better than they have been.

For the enforcement of truce upon reluctant Arab States lrn- plles that; the council (or e sufficient majority of it) la 1n fact. prepared to enforce e solution upon them, d that this solution will include the establishment cf a Jewish state in Palestine, The Arabs have, 1n effect, been told "Ill- i-hty will not be allowed even to nttarnpb to overthrow the "Re. public of Israel" by force. ‘Phat. institution has to nil intents and purposes been take-n under the protection of the Council. Not merely its existence, but even n; immunity from any threat of attack ere now patently guaranteed.

The issue 1s decided. And the Arabs know it. That 1s the reason for the reluctance and bitterness of their acceptance. ‘Ilhey knew that they were 1n fact being celi- ed upon to accept not merely e truce but. partition and the creat- ion of a Jc-wlsh State: that. this would be the end of their long struggle for "unity and independ- ence of Pelesflnez" end that there could be no going back _ pgfll- tfon 1s decided and will be enforced upon the Arabs. And they will submit to force but with the con- vltptlon that they are the victims o a great injustice, end that the verdict has been given, not on considerations of equity or Palestinian welfare, but. because of remote and irrelevant political factors.

That settles the old, only to raise s. new, Palestine prbblfsfrs, An 1m- posed peace, improvised frontiers, a disrupted economy, displaced populations and bitterness and suspicion between the two eom- munities give little hope for the future.

There la no real solution with. out. some measure of ‘lfatlon.

ment of agriculture. the agricul- tural colleges; and others, includ- ing development by one of your leading western Canadian wheat. rsnohors of the Noble blade, a stubble-mulch tillage implement now widely used 1n Montana end other northern Great Plains grain-growing states for wind erosion ‘rol.

And I em thinking of the many meclellats who have journeyed damn from Canada, not. only to study some of the things we are doihl in the field of soil and water conservation, but. alao to rive us the benefit. of your orwn valuable experiences. Canada 1s one of 0'! countries which have sent no soil conservation train- ees or lgrgdai-ilbllfll meoleifste to the United States during the pest

To think of such n possibility be- fore even e truce ls fully practiced may seem absurd. Yet it ls funda- mental. And 1t 1s from this mo- ment. that. all effort should be directed to reconciliation.

New for that, the major re- spanslblllty must. rest. with the Jews: for the simple reason that they are the victors. It 1s the victor who can and needs to be generous if there is to be real peace.

Other-then the bitterness of defeat, the chlef source of Arab bitterness at the moment. 1s the fate of 250.000 Arabs who have been driven, or have fled through fear, from Israeli territory. Their sufferings have been acute, though they have trad small publicity. Like nil "disposed persons," they are e heavy economic liability.

A swift and genuine ‘offer to arrange for their return and m. lnsfatemenl: in homes and farms and jobs would have n good effect. Just as any suggestion that their exile will make room for more Jewish lmmigmtlmr would be dia- estrous.

Immigration. indeed, 1a still the crux of all the question, the real basic of Arab fears. Theyhave seen the first Jewish settlements, then e "national home," no-w n Jewish State in e land which only 30 years ego was (though under Turkish rule) unquestionably Arab.

If they could be assured that this settlement (whatever it. may be) will really set final llmlta to the Jewish invasion, then f-he Arabs would, I think, gradually accept 1t and become used to it. What they fear as that. the “Republic of Israel" is only n bridgehead: that. Jewish claims to ell Palestine, to ‘Drona-Jordon, perhaps even beyond, will be only dormant and will be revived when an increasing popul- ation 1n Israel wants new “lebensraumfl The root of it all 1s that the Arabs ere staid. And 1t fs only the wisest and most imaginative statesmanshfp on the part of Israeli leaders that can allay that fear. They are coming to that supreme test which always comes with victory.

Socialized Medicine And Private Practise

(Telegraph-Journal)

Sir Wflllecn Fletcher Show cf Manchester, England, a founder and pnbl. president of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Qrynaecologlata, sold in an inter- view here that it 1s his belief there will continue to be n "good

deal" of private medical practice -

ln England despite the recent introduction of socialized medicine.

Sir William, who addressed the Saint John Medical Country club Friday evening, sold it was still too early to predict the effects of the introduction of socialized medicine. "What the future holds no one can soy n1: present... my feeling 1s that there still will be e good deal of private practice. .. whethe that. guess ls right, I nor anyone can ,soy until it 1a in open-alien for some time."