Board of Trade.

PURTHER DISCUSSION OF COMMERCIAL UNION

~EXHAUSTIVE SPEECH BY P. BLAKE, M.P.P.

Last evening the question of Commercial Union was again discussed before the Board of Trade. There were present, Geo. R. Beer, (Vice-President in the chair), John MacEachern (Secretary), Hon.Senator Haythorne, Hon. D. Ferguson, Hon. D. Davies, Hon. L. C. Owen, P. Blake, M. P. P., John Newson, W. Matheson, 7. ae Arnaud, Percy Pope,G. E. Full, B. Balder- ston, D. Farquharson, Geo. McLeod, D. McKenzie, A. McNeill, W. L. Cotton, T. Handrahan, A. B. Warburton, Geo. Peake, Benj. Rogers, F. T. Newbery, A. W. Sterns, John McLeod, Geo. Toombs, Fred Perkins, 8. W. Crabbe.

P. Brake, M. P. P.,resumed the debate. He said that he had listened with much at- tention and pleasure to the speeches of Mr. L. H. Davies and Hon. Mr. Ferguson ; i and that he heartily endorsed almost every- | thing that had been said in the previous

4 evening by the Hon. Senator Haythorne. The more he heard of the question and the

more he studied it, the more he was con-

vinced that Commercial Union would not

¥ auit Canada. In the first place it would

a certainly involve an unfair discrimination

against Great Britain, and in the end, bring about annexation. Ifthe people of this Province were to give their opinions as to whether they would remaiu in the British Empire or join the Republic, they would, he felt sure, be almost unanimously in favor of maintaining the present connection. But Commercial Union leads straight on to Annexation. The people of Great Britain would certainly regard such a union as un- friendly, and a very poor return for the pro- tection which the MotherCountry has afford- ed, the practical freedom we enjoy, and the advantages we possess from her prestige throughout the world. The vpinion of prominent a British statesman «s Mr Yhamberlain is significant. Mr. Chamber- lain says :—

** Before I leave this subject, I should like to be permitted, asthis is the last time I shall have any opportunity of making pub- lie speech before I leave our shores, to refer to another telegram which has come from Canada, and which states that the Toronto Mail—a paper which I believe to be an in- fluential and respectable ).: .rnal-—has referred to some words of mine ina speech which I recently delivered in Ulster, and has con- strued those words init as an insult to all Canadians. Lam quite sure there must he here some great mis»pprehension which I should be glad of some opportunity to set straight. What I said was that there was a party in Canada which is seeking gt the present time for commercial union with toe United States. Commercial Union with the United States, as I understand it, means free trade between Canada and the United States, while et the same time Canada is to continue to impose protective duties on imports from the mother country—that is to say, that she is to give a preference in every article of manufacture to the United States ever Great Britain. Well, I say that if Canada—if a great majority of the people of Canada—desired any arrangemeat of that kind, I had ne doybt they would be able to

so

eooure it T did uot think there was anybody in this cuuntry who would attempt to prevent it by ‘force; but

I regrettedthat in that case all that continued of the slender tie which still binds Canada to this country, so far as we are concerned, would disappear, and that it was not likely that the people of Great Britain would con- tinue very much longer to sustain the obliga- a tions and responsibilities of the relationship : after the reciproeal benefits had been with- ’ drawn; and so I said that a union of this kind, if it ever came about, would be the first step and the signal for political separation. Well, : that is a matter of fact; and I cannot conceive that any human being with a grain of reason in his head can deem that there is anything augulting in such a statement as that.” (Cheers. )

In this connection Mr. Wiman, it will be noticed, tells the people of the United States a very different story from what he tells the people of Canada. When at Que- bec he expressed his regret that the declar- ation of independence stopped short at the line forty-five and he let the world know gxetty well what his desires as to the ulti- wate effect of commercial union were. In au interview after his return to New York, published in the Boston Herald, he lets a little more light in on his animating motives. He wants, he distinctly sys, Canada separated from England and " joined to the States, and urges the states- ; men of the latter country to act so as to wake commercial union the one consider- ation on which it will consent to a settle- ment of the present dispute. There is a

: deep meaning in his words that if United States politicians play their cards well, Eng- + land may not only lose a good customer but

a colony as well. A. B. Warsvurton denied that Mr, Wiman had expressed these sentiments. } Mr. Blake said that Mr. Wiman had been #0 reported in leading papers and he had not denied the accuracy of the report. At auy rate we should not, as British subjects desiring to maintain our British institutions ' be too ready to adopt a scheme which tends clearly and so surely towards annexation to the States. Nor should we by hasty action or hasty speech, lead the Americans to be- lieve that Commercial Union is necessary hr to the Dominion—that we cannot live with- i out it. h This leads to the second great objection to Commercial Union, viz: that it would practically destroy our cattle and sheep trade with England, causing a heavy loss on cattle and sheep. For a great many pro- ducts our farmers have a better market in ; Great Britain than they have in the States, and the privilege we possess in being able to send cattle into Great Britain instead of being compelled to slaughter them at the : rts of entry, isa very great one. While in England he had made enquiries as to the value of this privilege, and one of the lead- ing importers in London informed him that it was worth fully ten dollars a head for ‘ cattle, and one dollar a head for sheep. * But if we entered into a union with the United States the cattle of the two coun- tries would be commingled at the ports of shipment and on board ship; they would be 4 liable to the diseases which necessitate the rule that American cattle shall be slaugh- tered at the port of entry; and the privi- lege that we now enjoy would—as Senator Haythorne has already pointed out—iost assuredly be withdrawn. Taking the statis- tics of the exports of Canadian cattle last year, on a basis of calculation, they thus would entail a loss upon the farmers of the ecouatry of $550,000 a@ year. Besides this, Commercial Union would

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these interests are identical with the interests of our farmers. The whole country has made sacrifices in order that manufac- tories might be established. These manu- factories have given employment at home to thousands of the people of Canada and a home market for much of the farmers’ pro- duce. Subject these manufactures t th

strong competition of those of the States which have been established for 4 long period of time, and a great many of them must necessarily go down before It. Our infant manufactories cannot hope to live in competition with the wealthy establish- menta of the States. The United States have long treated these Provinces ina spirit of hostility. It was hostility which caused them to abrogate the old Recipro- city Treaty. They thought we favored the Southern States aud they desired to cripple

our trade by _ refusing to —- deal with us on fair terms. But the Canadians sought fresh fields and

pastures new. They united, British capi- tal came into the country. The British markets, for many years, afforded remuner- ative prices for oats, wheat, peas, cheese, cattle, sheep, etc. Instead of being beg- gared by the loss of Reciprocity, this coun- try has urown and prospered. Reciprocity would undoubtedly be a great benefit to Canada, and particularly to this Province, in respect to the sale of potatoes, horses, lambs and fish. But there are et least two of our staple articles iu respect to which our position would not be improved. We produce as fine pork avd beef as any part of Canada or the United States. But if we have Commercial Union, every farmer must be prepared to do away with his pigs. Even with the present duties, the Ameri- cans are sending quantities of pork and beef into our markets. If the . duties were taken off, they would make our pro- duction of pork and beef for sale at a profit an impossibility.

Commercial Union would entail upon Canadians a loss of revenue amounting to $7,000,000, and it cannot be expected that the Americans will make up this Joss under a pooling arrangement or in any other way Consequently that amount avd several other amounts, making up about $12,000, - 000 a year will have to be met by direct taxation. The proportion which would fall uponthis Province would be about $300,000 and would invelve a tax upon

a year,

property of 14 to 2 per cent. Butit may be said that the benefits derived from Commercial Union would mere than

counterbalance the loss.

The question this evening is whether a Reciprocity Treaty with the United States, embracing a free interchange of certain agricultural products and manufac- tured goods, as might be routually agreed upon, —each vountry retaining and framing its own tariff on all products and goods not included in the treaty— would be most beneficial to Canada, more particularly this Province, or a Commercial Union covering the free interchange of the products and manufactured goods of both countries, with the adoption by Canada of the American tarif withthe same duties, customs and excise, as agningt al] other countries, Great Britain included. Before entering into the merits of these two propositions, ‘it would he well to examine our trade rela- tions with Great Britain and the United States. Only by so doing can we arrive at a correct understanding of this many-sided question. The imports and exports of Canada for the year ending 30th June, 1886, were as follows :—

sce Ne NN - & OSS&oeo | ti | 22 RE8S58" | 5 (Vs an = $s te ¥ ; ~ 6 - eesrrer ig . : Tl ~ ¥g SZSRERS | F $23 SB2SS3es |g E28 SS5RRR8 | 8 p2 iscsi = A” ne % E Seon =< & Sh asaes is ” ' S25 'g #335572 ¢ RR. «ey |B mes NSN | s RTE ese ce un ie o2Ptes': : B: 33:7 eas ° ere . ge 0*s BO ss ei ine i: A: :BB:: - °: ec ps 74 . 3. ee 8: :BBeO ms :§e55 2 :.80% £ig23as — BSsesse ofEst gs £22o8 sea rem a4ae

-——

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These figures show the importance of our trade with Great Britain. Our imports, entered for consumption, amounted to $99,602,604, of which we imported from Great Britain yoods ty the value of $40,- 601,694 ; from the United States $44,858,- 039 ; other countries $14,143,456. On the other hand, our exports last year, the pro- duce of Canada, amounted to $74,975,506, of which Great, Britain took articles to the value of $36,694,263; the United States took $31,463,342 and other countries $6,- 817,901. Great Britain took of animals and their products and other agricultural pro- ducts $22,500,000 worth, and the United States nearly’ $15,500,000 worth. The English market is the best market for good well ted cattle and sheep, as well as for wheat, oats, peas, cheese, butter and other products not speeially mentioned. For the year ending 30th June, 1886, we sent to the British markets about 61,000 head of cattle which realized in the aggregate about $4,880,000, or about $80 per head, and in the same year we sent to the United Stales about 25,000 which brought about $24 per head, or in the aggregate $600,000, In 1886 we sent to Great Britain 36,411 shesp whigh realized about $327,000, or nearly $9 per head; in the same year we sent to the United States 313,201 sheep. valued at about $2.50 each, and realizing about $783,000. Of cheese we sent to Great Britain in the same year 77,823,157 Ibs., valued at $6,729,154: of butter 3,546,182 lIbs.. value $652,363— total for cheese and butter $7,381,997. To the United States we sent ia the same year 174,674 Ibs. o° cheese,value $15,478, and of butter 111,383 lbs., value $17,545—-total for butter and cheese $33,023. It will thus

be seen that cur best cattle and sheep trade |

and our best butter and cheese tracle are with Great Britain, and must continue to go there. Nor can it be disputed that the British market takes our surplus wheat, ots, and ipawy other things not here enum- erate. The Ambriian imtyket takts oly

ILY EXAMINER, -

ccacttiteinsnemntnatac tae Aa ALE pn an alas ln cece ae CAA

horses, lambs, potatoes, barley and ¢ggs, also our inferior cattle, which bring but a small price. Of the total export of horses the Americans took over 16,000, valued at $130 per head. We can count upon the reliability of the English market for our cattle, sheep, wheat, oats, peas, butter and. cheese, and as long as the United States and Canada have any{ surplus of these articles for sale the English market will determine the price. If we had_ free trade with the States to-day, it would not bevefit us with respect to these branches of trade ; (cr the Americans are our competi: torsi: the British markets.

Two thirds of the people of the United States are agriculturists, producing 4 sur- plus of most of the articles we have to sell. How then can it be said that by entering into Commercial Union our farmers will obtain the markets of 60,000,000 Ameri-

cans ¢ But Mr. L. H. Davies expressed a good deal of fear lest the Americans

should act according to the provisions of Retaliation Bill and shut out of their mar- kets the products which we sell them at a profit. Let us see what would be the re- sult of retaliation. Retaliation would de- prive Canada of a market in the United States for goods to the value of $31,463,342 a year-—-about 42 per cent., or two-fifths of our exports to the whole world. But two can play at the same game of Retaliation. Taking the figures of the same year— 1886— Retaliation by Great Britain against the (nited States would deprive the United States of a market for goods to the value of

$460, 161,187 —10.36 per cent., or about two-thirds of the United States exports to the whole world ;

and our loss of the Uuited States market would be fully made up by getting rid of the United States co.npetition in the markets of Gvest Britain, West Indies and other British possessions. But, it may be argued, Great Ltvitain would not be so foolish as to close her markets to the United States whence she draws large food supplies. Britain could afford to retaliate because of the new sources of supply which have been opened up. The exports of United States wheat fell off in 1885 over twenty-eight millions of bushels from what it was in 1884, while India’s export of wheat to Great Britain at the same time increased about ten millions of bushels. The export of wheat from Australia increased in 1884 over 1883 twelve millions of bushels. Accounting for these changes the compiler of the Statistical Record says ;

‘s Several causes haye combined to bring about this result. During the ten years epee to 1882, there were several unugually ad seasons in Europe, while they were universally good on this continent ; there was in consequence an abnormal demand for American wheat. During the last five years the average production of wheat in Europe has increased some 50,000,000 bushels, while the harvests have been generally better. In consequence of the ‘increased European demand, large areas of land were brought under wheat cultivation in Russia, British India, Australia and South America, as well asin the United States and Canada, The increased production in India and Australia has been very large, especially in India, owing to the excessively low price of labor and ‘to in¢reased facilities for transportation ; large areas are stil} being continually bronght under cultivation for wheat, and itis not improbable that before many years,Eyrope will look still more to the East for her supplies. According to figures published in the United States Record of Foreign Com- merce for 1886,Pritish India exported in 1885, 39,312,969 bushels, and the United States 53,025,938 ; in the preceding year the figures

were respectively 29,550,741 bushels and 81,628,478 bushels. In 1884, the Australasian Colonies exported 19,466,621 bushels as

compared with 7,481,949 bushels in 1883. These figures help to show the great increase in production in the East, and to explain the present extremely low prices. Mr. Book- walter, an American, says :—‘ No revision of the laws by which American trade is bound can restore American supremacy in the grain markets of the world. The American farmer no longer holds, as once he did, the position of dictator in the European market.’ In 1880, of the total quantity of wheat exported (principally to European countries) by the chief wheat producing countries, the share of the United States was 69.13 per cent. in 1884 it was only 40.34 per cent., and was probably still lower in 1885.”

Thus jt appears that the United States proportion Of Wheat exports was, in 1880, 69.13 per cent,, and fell in “1884 to 40.2: per cent, while those of British lndia-an Australia increased to a very large extent. In Manitoba alone this year, there is an in- crease of wheat for export amounting to about five millions of bushels. In view of these changed conditions it is manifest that Great Britain could retaliate upon the United Statgs’ should the States carry out their threat. But there is ligtle ganger that they will do so. Mr, Bayard, Fhe United States Secretary of State has said that :—-

‘The Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 was re- nouced by the United States in expectation that the British North American Provinces would surrender their political independence to gain frie access to the markets of the Re- public, an when the rengwal of the Treaty was sought, the Canadians were plainly told that they could attain that object only by An- nexation. The result of: the demand that the Provinces should join the United States was that in the following year the distant and dis- cordant Provinces united themselves into the Dominion of Canada. Immediately after British capital poured into Canada, and laid ihe foundstion of what is now the Canadian Pacific Railw.y, a trays-continental route that is creating some alafm among American trans-continental lines, and that has ‘added vastly to the coherency Of the British North American sions, and the value of these to England,which now finds hey shortest route to India looming up tlreateningly as a wheat

roducer across the American continent. The

*acific coast is nine hundred miles nearer to England, by way of Vancouver and Halifax, than it is by San Francisco and New York. The union of the Provinces that American statesmen drove them into, has enabled them to interfere with American trade by adopting icg own device of a protective tariff. This was the result of an effort to get the coveted fruit by violently shaking the tree,"

One of the newspapers points out that Secretary Bayard has also admitted an- other important fact, that is the impos- sibility of coercing Canada into the sur+ render of either her political or commercial autouomy. The attempt made once drove Canada into a state of greater independence and will not be renewed. The arts of de- plomacy are to be substituted for those of coercion, and the trade that could not be secured upon compulsion is to be sought by treaty. This changed attitude on the part of thé United States Government bears out the coptention that the surest means of obthinfig Retfprocity’ of trade

tenn men

- TUESDAY.

NOVEMBER 29, 1887.

ee

with our neighbors is to maintain an inde- pendent attitude.

It is a great pity thatso much has been said concerning the necessity of Commer- cial Union ; for it is calculated to postpone a settlement of the questions now pending bet ween the two countries and the arrange- ment of a Reciprocity Treaty upon a fair and reasonable basis. In this connection Mr. Fairheather lately said, iu the course of an address to the Board of Trade, St. John :—-

‘\ If we desire such a treaty as before ex- isted I submit we are taking the worst possi- ble steps in view of that desire. We are, or some of us are, telling the people across the lines that we are in a bad way unless we gain freedom to their markets. The natural result of this attitude of ours is to elicit such ex- pressions as the following from influential newspapers in the United States. The Tribune says :—

‘If Commercial Union be so urgent a necessity

for Canada that annexation will inevitably ensue if the tariff barriers are not thrown down, why should the favor be granted for which the pro- vinces are clamoring} Why should a future an- nexation movement be obstructed by premature concession of commercial privileges And Sir Richard Cartwright said in Prince Edward Island: ‘There is nothing better calculated to prevent the bringing about of reciprocity than to tell the Americans we can- not live without it.’ - Our astute neighbors do not follow this style with respect to privileges they Want. They tell us they don’t want our fish.” There can be no doubt that the strong de- sire for Reciprocity expressed by some of our newspapers and politicians has done harm. Butthe Americans are now evi- dently beginning to see the mistake they made in their treatment of the Canadians, and we may anticipate that a measure of Reciprocity will, ere long be obtained.

F. T. Newsery seconded Mr. Blake’s resolution, and said that he thought that a false step would be made if Commercial Union were adyocated by the Board.

Mr. Baxperston failed te see the differ- ence between Commercial Union and Unrestricted Reciprocity, and thought we should not stand too much on our dignit about asking foy that which is so muc wanted by the country.

Hon. D. Davies addressed the Board in a short speech, arguing that our fishermen would be better off if Americans were kept out of our waters, but the country at large large would be benctited by the privilege of trading freely with the States.

Groree Fut moved the adjournment of the debate.

BIRTH.

Op Sunday, 27th inst., the wife of W. H. Stewart, of @ son, Teh

P. E. Island Railway. NOTICE.

(COMMENCING on TUFSDAY, Dec, Ist, prox and continuing until close of navigation at Summerside, a Special Passenger Train will leave Charlottetown at 6 a. m., daily (Sundays excepted) for Summerside, connecting there with steamer for Peint du “hene, returning, will from

lenye Summerside on arrival of steamer

Point du Chene. J. UNSWORTH, Acting Superintendent, Railway Office, Ch’town, Nov. 29, 1887. —5i

Furniture Lte.,

ee

BY AUCTION at my salesroom

FRIDAY, 2nd DEC,

at 2o’clock : Furniture, Stoves, Crockery, Etc., kte,

G. M, HARRIS,

: Auctioneer. N ov. 29, 1887~ zi

NOTICE. —

N the eve of my departure from this my native O Island, I take this opportunity of cheatin: my many friends, for their kind favors, and m patrons in business for their liberal patronage. also beg to say that I have soid my shop and stock entire to Messrs. Cairns & McLean, who wil], at my late quarters, carry on the monumen- tal business, + nd parties who have been negoti- ating with me for Monuments, Headstones, &c., will find that this firm will give them firat-class work and fair anc! liberal treatment.

er AMES P4Hj{LLIPS. Ch’town, Nov. 29, 1887 --1i Li ied or ¢

Traveller Wanted. W ANTED Immediately, for » Montreal

Woolen House, an experienced Tra- veller, to tyayel in Prince Edward Island on

Commission, Address Box 295], - Pest G: Montreal, with references, _ - nov29—4i

Public Meeting of the Citizens of Charlottetown :

YNDER and by virtue of the provisions - v tained in the Forty-eighth Section of “the

harjottetown Town Water Works Act. 1887,*‘I do hereby calla public meeting of tie Gai ns of Charlottetown, to be held on THURSDAY EVENING, the Eighth day of December nexi, at 8 o'clock, in the Market Hal’, to take into con- sideration the Report «f the Water Commission- ers for the City of Charlotietown,” upon the Tenders and Specifications forthe Construction of Water Works fer the said City of Charlotte-

town. 7 ge BAT tame. ayor of Chariottetown. Mayor's Office, Charlottetown, ge — , November 28, 1887-—tl d

« Apples, Tea, &c. BY Auction, WEDNESDAY, Nov. 30th, at il

o’clock,— 75 Barrels Choice No. 1 Apples, all choice kinds

. 25 Half-chests Tea.

75 Barrels Herring, Wrapping Paper, &e., to close consignmenta.

A. MCNEILL,

Auction

Ch’town, Nov, 28, 1887. _—

Yo Ma Gr h.

HE General Annual Meeting of the Mem T of the Charlottetown Youug Men's Chrisban Association, will be held in the Hall of the Asso- ciation, Queen Square, Charlottetown, on MON- DAY. the Sth day of Mecember, next, at the hour of + “% o'clock, p. m., for the purpose of receiv- ing the Report of the Work of the Association during the past year, electing an Executive or Managing Committees for the ensuing year, and the transaction of other necessary business. ,

J. D. SEAMAN, President.

. GF. BERR,

Ch’towa, Novi 26, F887.

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND RAILWAY, —

Winter Arrangement, IR87-8

as

ISS7 =%,

Or AND AFTER THURSDAY, DECEMBER, Ist, 1887, Trains will run as follows:—

TRAINS FOR THE WEST, TRAINS FROM THE WEST, STATIONS, No. 1. | No. 3 STATIONS. No. 2 | Nea ae M, A M, dn M, Ue Tee Charlottetownm...-...... dj} 715 1% Tignish. ......- snekspaed dp 6 00 Royalty Junction........ 7 34 2 12 6 55 North Wiltshire ........ 8 17 i 30 7 3 Hunter Riveri.ecceee.. ce. . 830 3 20 7M Bradalbane.,............- ‘9 00 3 57 9 07 Emerald Junction ........ 9 0 4 07 949 BYOOCOWR noes cg nvcccccceee 9 23 4 22 10 15 ih Kensington........:...... 9 40 445 10 35 ’ fal 1010 5 20 11 36 A. ; Summerside..... wing Pp, M. P. M, 6: dp} 12 40 1205” TOS Wis. ip snvkepeaeee 1 00 -|| Freetown ..,...--+ poseceds] 28985 7. Oa ellington...... sees 127 Emerald Junction........ 12 36 Port HL... ..... 20 | Bradalbane..........--.-++ 12 45 } o CERT ab. 0 vssiocce 3 22 Hunter River........-+++: 1 o Bloomfield .......... goes 3.45 North Wiltshire.......... 129 3 Alberton ,.....++++++ vast i 29 Royalty Junction. ........ 212 937 Tignish,. ......- Siocon © ae Charlottetown.........- ar) 230 Wo STATIONS. No. 9. STATIONS. No. ity P.M. XR Emerald Junction......4p | 4 10 Cape Traverse _...+-++++d e Cape Traverse.......... ar 5 00 * ||}Emerald Junction..... ar 3 v4 STATIONS, No. 5. | No. 7. STATIONS. | No. 6, No. 8 cial tte da ‘ 0 ; ottetown..........dp § ‘Georgetown... ..-+++++..d Royalty Junction.......... 2 50 Ix pile d4egoe ovhaess . OPE... 202. sssseeercees | 32 (et ar 3 55 Mount Stewart..Junc Mount Stewart J ane. la dp 4 10 Bedf: eer eee enenee eeeeee Cardigan..++..........+¢ oe 5 22 Royalty Junction......... Georgetown......-----+- AM FS Charloitetown.......... ar 1 | Bem, Mount Stewart Junc....dp 4 Souris... ... 2.05 -s0002ee0 BROOUEE Aivckccacecethstnt*? ’ : $ aT iver saad sores ae SE Peterte...crcecceesecees 4 t. ROBB yc ccces PERM ecw eee * Bear River eeeeeesere 5 DEROUEE +0’ oad eees 990eeeces sererensepepsteees ar 6 40 Mount Stewart Junc....ar Trains are run by Eastern Standard Time,

JAMES COLEMAN, . Superintendent,

—=2

Railway Office, Charlottetown, Nov. 29, 1887.—all pra 6i

MAKE NO MISTAKE!

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