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PAEE roux TllE llllAllLllTTETUhTN GUARD“.

Morning Daily (Founded In 1881i Authorised as Sooond Class loll. Post Olleo Department- Ottawa.

a Ian A. t Visa a " Win. I Bur-nest; Seem-Tress» G. M. Barnett; Editor mg Managing Director. J. B. ; Aloclata Editor. I-‘rsnk Walker.

“The Strongest Memory is Weaker Tlln Use Weakest Ink.” ’

WEDNESDAY, rsovuiiiiiin 2o. 194s

Tlie lleto lliisstlss

The disturbing clement in the proceedings of the U. N. O. is the interpretation Russia puts on the right of veto by the Big Five. Under Article 27 of the Charter all procedural ques- tions can be decided by an affirmative vote of any seven of the eleven members of the Secur- ity Council; on all other questions the major- ity must include all the five permanent members —the Big Five. What is, and what is not, pro- cedural questions, is left undefined or undecided, and Russia has so far been disposed to regard nothing as merely procedural, and to threaten to deadlock at every turn by exercising her right as one of the Big Five, any proposal that comes up. This has caused dissension and trouble, representatives of the smaller nations feeling that they can get nowhere with discussions and proposals so long as Russia can block thegvay with her "l do not consent." The agitation to have the veto power removed is a live issue, but it is doubtful none the less whether anything but still greater trouble could come of an at- tempt to amend Article Z7 at this iuncture. lt is all important that the Big Five should be kept in line, as should they split, humanly speaking nothing could prevent the world being landed forthwith into a universal Armageddon. The policy of Britain and the U. S. A. supported by Canada, has been to endeavour to persuade Rus- sia to reasonably construe the meaning of "a procedural question," and to allow lesser vital issues to be decided without the unanimous vote of the Big Five Powers.

Dealing with this Journal says:

The veto arrangement was worked out at Yaltq, in effect saying that no Great Power would be forced to do anything it didn't want to do. At San Francisco where the nations of the world gathered to establish the United Na- tions Organization there was a great outcry against this big power authority, but the U. S. and the U. K. supported Russia's unyielding insistence and it became clear that the choice was UN with a veto or no UN at all. Canada, voted for the veto with the explanation that it was not too great a price to pay for world order. The small power pressure did, however, obtain one concession. The Great Powers wouldn't amend the veto provision but they accompanied the Charter with a signed and written agree- ment that they would use the veto "sparingly."

Today in New York the battle of San Fran- cisco is starting all over again. Cuba and some others would amend the Charter and do away with the veto. Australia and some others would have the General Assembly pass a restrictive resolution telling the Great Powers precisely when they may and when they may not use the veto. The United Kingdom and the United States and Canada and some others would leavc the Charter quite unchanged and simply ap- prove a resolution which in verv general terms would pray that no nation use the veto nar. ly, selfishly or frustratingly. __

Russia will not budge from her position, _ it is only fair to keep in mind that her basic position is shared by the United States and Great Britain. The hard fact is that the U. S. and the U. K. and many other countries feel today as they did in Sari Francisco-—that it must be a UN with Russia and not without. _The_y therefore propose t0 h“? "W119i l° 119m" "l their efforts to convince _Russia that She hflfi nothing to lose ln international world order and

- l n. . co "Eliliiittois the cold end of the veto debate. Canadians will feel inclined to support the de- claration of the Canadian Government in its gpgnifig speech to the Assembly which clearly

. regretted distortion of the Charter's_principles but equally clearly stated that "now IS Ml the time" to amend it.

Railway Freight Rates

Apropos the application of the railways for

a 30 per cent increase in freight rates, the Winnipeg Free Press makes the interesting point that the need of the railways for profits has nover been the basis of freight rote making in Canada, or, for that matter, elsewhere. Within limitations it may well be one of the factors token into conside oils-i. But the iri- siipsroble difficulties of arriving at fair and reasonable rates on‘ such basis have always been admitted. A discussion of the point is cited i from "lnland Traffic" by S. J. McLean, in the ‘Hist "The Basis of Rate Making." Mr. Mc-

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subject the Ottawa

and

n was the father of tho present Transport mission, and was a member of it, in one or other responsible capacity, from its incep- “tion until his death a few days ago. Other authorities also are quoted to show that profit- ability is ‘but one, and a lesser, factor in de- termining fair and reasonable rotos. Moreover, to the. oiitont that profitability is a factor it rolatds to tho system with tho lowost operating ratio — the Canadian Pacific Railway, not tho . National system. _. "Tho Canadian Notional,” says ths Froo . "has riovor boon in doubt that its particu- z ‘lsryooods ars excluded from tho consideration tho Transport Ioord. Alistair Frasor, tlion lofcoanssl for tho National railways, in argu- smalt bsfaro tho Board on Fob. 2, i927, con- that since i920 tho Commission had

National Railways returned a deficit in all but two. It nevor occurred to anybody that because of these deficits, the National Railways could or should apply for higher rates.

Doubtless this point is being taken into consideration in the protest which the Mari- time Board of Trade is makiiig against the proposed flat 30 per cent increase. The Prairie Provinces are in much the some position as the Maritimes. They too are protesting; and ac- corddig to the Free Press it has always been "a basic part of the west's case on freight rates that the needs of the National Railways shall riot be considered by the Transport Commis- sion." ‘ '

- EDITORIAL NOTES —

The Fox Show today. i if ‘A’

Frank‘l. Denney, advertising manager of one large automobile companywsays: "The hist~ ory of the automobile CTJld ell be written merely by a reproduction of its newspaper ad- vertisements."

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The "snipers" at Mr. Bevin in the Attlee Labour Party total a very considerable number, and notwithstanding the unanimous vote al confidence in the Government, the malcontents will prove a very serious handicap to Mr. Bevin in pursuing his foreign policy at this very criti- cal time.

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Pedigreed livestock continues to rule high in price. $l0,000 for a yearling heifer and $5,000 for a cow were paid at Perth when the Ascreavie herd of Shorthorns belonging to Mr. T. O. Mills was dispersed in Messrs. Macdonald, Fraser 8i Co.'s mart. The Ascreavie herd, which met a spirited trade, made the good average of $l,l40 for 48 head, the total sum realized for the herd being $54,794.

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James Bruce, eighth Earl of Elgin, died this date i863; he was Governor-General of North America from i847 to i854. The British Col- onial Office, under Earl Grey had decided on giving the principle of "responsible govern- ment", as advocated by Lord Durham a fair trial in Canada and‘ the task of putting the new policy into effect was confided to Lord Elgin. He had a tempestuous experience, in- cluding the burning of the parliament build- ings in Montreal, but through his firmness and patience, the triumph of "responsible govern- ment" was assured. After his retirement, he became Viceroy of lndia, where he died while administering his office.

The question of whether taxes should be cut before spending is reduced, or vice verso, is akin to the ancient argument over "which came first, the chicken or the egg," says Mont- real Gazette. But it has become increasingly evident that the Government is inherently re- luctant and administratively unable to effect the major deflation of war-swollen spending that is required to make practically possible some genuine tax relief, rind give much needed stimulus to both personal and corporate pro- ductive enterprise. Since the Government is apparently incapable of slashing expenditures because it wants to, it would seem that the only way it will ever do so is under force of nec- essity — from public insistence on decisive and

substantial tax cuts. i

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"The bogey of the sinister advertiser pull- ing purse strings in an attempt to influence pub- lishers is largely a fiction," says Mr. Julius Ochs Adler, general manager of The New York Times. Only when advertising is absent need anyone ask where the money to run the paper co es from, he points out. "The alternative to advertising revenue is plainly subsidy from some interested source willing to pay for the expression of a particular point of view." Mr. Adler stated that the Times carries so many advertisements that no advertiser is responsible for as much as 2 l-2 per cent of its total rev-

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During the four weeks ending August Z9, i946, the daily average of vacancies ‘offered through National Employment Service Offices in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island was 260, as compared with 232 in the previous per~ iod and 282 during the four weeks August 3 to August 30, i945. The average number of placements effected daily was ll7, in compari- son with l45 in the preceding period and l83 during the corresponding four weeks a year‘ ago. The large decrease in placements from the period ending August 30 last year were in manufacturing and public utilities operation. A moderate loss was reported in trade but this was portly offset by a ‘gal: ii: services.

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In St. Andrew's Church Magazine, Ottawa, Rev. A. Ian Burnett writes: Recently when His Grace, the Archbishop of Canterbury, arrived in Canada, it was to find himself severely handi- capped. His pipe had split at the bowl and what can a good churchman do without his pipe? The laymen of the Anglican Church in Que- bec, however, came to his rescue. By scouring tho city they secured the last Dunhill pipo and presented it to him. This was treasure indeed, and he took great pride in showing it to me at dinner one evening. When the Moderator of tho General Assembly (the Very Rov. Gordon MocLoan) arrived in Ottawa, he too produced a pipo that showed signs of wear. Tho bowl in this case was in good condition, but tho stem was apparently broken for it was wrapped around with sticking plaster. Really not the thing at all for o Moderator to be travelling around tho country withl The matter was no soonor brought to tho ottontion of the members of tho Synod than s now pipo was forthcoming, a Dunhill too, ono of tho first to arrive in Ottawa slnco tho warl Mr. Good prosontod it ono ovsnliig with his own graco and charm, Mil from tlio reports which have sinco roachod iis that pipo from tho Synod of Montreal and Ot-

THE CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN T‘

iiotss By Tho Way

Cllrnbers got the Windaat/ Jewels out of s oouiitry house bedroom in Eneianii. The Duke and mien- m "h!" they come to the Alberta ranch will onzy need ti» [gap m eye on the social and mountain climbers. —-Lelhbi*ldge Herald.

After four or five years of list- enlns to your high actual daught- era, fence ls to meet: the scbmhteaalier m question. —Sirator“v.i Beacon- Herald.

The governors of golf in Canada have authorized use of the larger American ball. If something could be done about a larger cup it might be atlll more popular. —Port Arthur News-Chronicle.

Alone. India faces a future dark with peril. Joined in equal partner- ship with the other Empire nations her prospects could become bright with promise It ls not too late for India's leadeis- be they Hindu or Moslem, Slkli or Secluded Caste or Christian-to set font along the path of wisdom that. will keep them within the Empire. The new moon rises with a star beside. It is tha star o! India. May it become the llght of Asia. -I.ondor. Express.

The Ottawa Journal recalls that on October 28, 1921. beef was sell- in; on the market there at. flve cents a pound by the carcass. On October 24. 1046. good steers up to 1.050 pounds weir. selling at the Tooorito llve stock yards at. $12.39 a hundredwelglir. and medium steers ‘or $11.68 while the ccirunmi vari- ety brought $10 '10 Taking any of the 1946 prices they an: more than twice that. quoted at. Ottawa. in 1921. It must be remembered also that. the 1946 pricfs are for live weight and not fr-r car-toss. Yes. times have changed -l=‘ort William Tlmes-Journ a1.

Those who prste of the “good old days" are wont tn point. out. that s horse would take you home of its own accord, something an automobile can never do. True enough. but on the other hand. a mater car seldom runs away Any- one who can remember the horse- and-buggy days recalls the occas- ional runaways with something akin to hot-mi". There was a thrill to them, but they were terrlfylngly dangeous. A penis-stricken horse can become rm agency of dire de- struction. Perhaps automobiles are superior ln mimv ways, but at least they never shy at a piece of paper blowing about, take the bit in their teeth and set off flown the street at break-neck speed, ai-t of all human control. —W1iid:or Star.

Stalin declares roundly that Com- munism can exist. in oLe country- by which he means that. ll; does llCl, need to be exported. 1f this could be lnteipretcd as a declar- ation that Communist interference 1i» the internal affairs of other nations would cease it would be the most. hopeful of the words ut- tered by Stallu Stalin's words may mean much or little according to ivhetlfer 01' not. llC 1s still master of the Soviet Statr- I would be foolish to draw too op-‘imlstlc ln- ferences from his words. and it would be rlefecitisi. to dismiss them a." mere talk. It comes to this: Either Stalin's s-iziement. makes nonsense of ivesent Russian policy. or Russian policy vlll make mn- sense of Stalin's words -—l.ondon Daily Mall.

n. report that n wolf stalked a three- year-old chilzl before being shot. ll. is regarded as 50111“ scrt of con- tribution to the debate about a wolf's willingness to attack a kuman being. The Port Arthur News-Chronicle coiiunerizs. Stalking rind attacking are quite different. The wolf. evidently. [cared to at- tack even o, child. Cl-‘ll’. 1t would have been doing maze than stalking. And n5 mi- stalking, the wolf will stalk anything in the ‘nope, per- haps. that 1t will fall iiead or be killed in some ailin w iy but never with the inteiiilai. of afta-cklng. lf it is a man. f-lelpess ihlngs like sheep or young deer oi moose are its principal prey

The mechanics it gaining tariff reduction elsewhere in exchange icr concessions in Imperial pre- ference present no lllllilffllll or liisuperable diffzculty It was ach- ieved. with satisfactory results for all concerncd. m the Anglo-Ameri- can trade flZlYCllhIll. (f 1938, an agreement in -w1‘.!ch 1r. reality. all Empire countries mnaclously part- icipated. The more substantial ob- stacle is that no eimilre country will be eiithulosizc lor a major re- vision without the necessary assur- once that. 1f they are to enter. oe- lailvely unprotected. into a freely trading world, that world la ln fact going to be r. place in which rea- sonably stable trade can be con- ducted. Such an atbllflillfe demands the fulfilment of certain conditions. ‘The level of ivorld tariffs must lt- self be much lower. Even more 1m- portant, perhaps. there must. be safeguards against great. and abrupt. fiscal changes by any country. - London ‘limes.

Mr. Elliott's successor as com- missioner of income tax la as diff- crent ln typo as it rls rosslble for two men to be. Frank H. Brown re- cently has been holidaying ln Vsri- couver. Before the wnr he was a bank manager but during it he experled various financial under- takings for the Government, and

to the Department of Reconstruc- tion. Last your. Mr. Drown vri-ote o book. "Pattern for Prosperity", which dealt. with Oat-with finan- clsl ,. " ‘Though he ls not certain he knows obs solution for the country's probluiis, he is will- ing to tabs an fmellissat. whack. Onoihlnglarumtiowillbsbaot- lng Donald Gordon to the llmlLlss

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lately has been financial adviser‘

United States Impasse ‘(Vanoouv Nevrs-l-lonld)

Ii one of the critical "periods in history. the United States is confronted with s serious impasse. A Democratic president inuot work for the newt two yesra iivltfi coa- gross and sci-late nominated by Re- publicans. No such lnooiigrulty

using a parliamentary system. M. the moment when the chief min- later of a parliament system ceases to enjoy the confidence of a mai- orlty of the people's representatives. he must resign and ‘fnahe woy for one that does.

Resignation of President Tru- man might be a way out of the difficulty. There ls no way to oom- pel such resignation. He can finish the balance of two years of the four-year term if he wants to. Un- lees the President takes the un- precedented step of resigning. Aili- erlosn influence lri world affairs will be greatly weakened Even If the Republican majority uses its power with the utmost restraint. and there Ls nothing io suggest that it will, the chief executive will speak without confidence and authority. and he wlli be heard across the seas as a sounding brass or a tlrikllng cymbal. Iii a confer- ence of Big For: Premiers. he would be a dry rub .r stamp making no impress.

BM the sltuatior. ls liable to be much worse than that. It ls un- likely that the Republican major- lty will use restraint. There 1s noohlng in the recent campaign to suggest that patriotism will trl- umph over partisanship The ac- cepted rules of the political game are likely to be observed. With an eye an the preslderital election two years hence. ilic Republicans will more than likely take advantage of every opportunity in embarrass and tiiumlllatc their opponents.

What the consequences will be on domestic iaollcy is anybody! guess The President has been naltlng and hesloailng enough even when he had some rrieaaure of party backing 1n congress. 0n at least. one occasion he was reduced to equlvocation n: a means f0 extric- ntlng himself out of difficulty. How much more puerlle and pathe- tic he will M when botih houses of congress are against hlml

World Wheat Situation

(Dominion Bureau of Statistics)

World wfieat production 1n 1946 will approach 5.9 billion bushels according to data compiled by the Office of Floreign Agricultural Re- lations of the United States De- partment of Agriculture. An out- tum of this magnitude would be the largest since 1940. but, still slightly below the prewar 1935-30 average.

1n Europe. excluding the Soviet Union. there has been, as expected. a substantial gain over last. year's crop. Production 1s placed at 1.360 million bushels. an advance of 300 million bushels over 1045. but still 1d per cent. trzlcuv the 1935-39 aver‘? age. The mos: marked improve- merit over 1945 is perhaps. ln the Mediterranean ircuntries. where widespread drought occurred last. year. Qutturns 1n Spain. Italy and fiance are also well above the 1945 levels and reflect. ii: least a partial return to more normal conditions vrith reference to fertilizer sup- plies, draft power: and other re- levant factors. Unfavouraole weath- er during harves: seriously dam- aged what otherwise would have been an excellent, crop l'.l the United Kingdom.

In North America, Canada's pro- duction is approximately 40 per cent above nst year. vmile the United States has turned out 1.169 million bushels, a figure 46 million bushels in excess of the previous record crop tn 1945 The African crop. estimated at. 135 million bushels, is about 55 per cent above last year's drought-stricken crop and approaches the prewar average of 143 million bushels. Asiatic crop conditions were generally favour- able during ilie season. except 1n India. Turkey reported the largest crap an record

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The Southern Heinispnere harvest will not. begin uistll November. Based upon an acreage somewhat higher than previous yvars and as- suming average yields. Argentina may achieve a crop o." 200 mllllon bushels. Latest advices from Aust- ralla indicate a. relatively small crop of 130 nilllloi: bushels. due principally to drought in Queens- land and New $011111 Wales.

Import needs by deficit countries during the croo year 1040-47 have been variously estimated at from 800 million to 1,100 million bushels Recovery of agriculture from war damage is fai" from \"Ol'l‘lDl9l8 ln many couiitrit-s and shortages of live stock and live-stock products will mean continued ceilance on cereals as the basic foodstuff in ma? areas.

lle production during the cur- iant crop your is high, carry-over stocks tn all the major exporting countries were at or near record lows. On July 1. total wheat stocks in the United states, Canada. Ar- gentina and Australia were esti- mated so MR million bushels. the lowest level reached eince 1W0. When carry-overs and production are added up. world supplies \viill- obie for consumption in 1940-4’! appears tie be less than loot year and it ls evident that world needs prtortotlio loflbarveotmust be met aimaot entirely from the 104a