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` FEBRUARY 22,1919 ` ' , _ ' _ _ H __ _

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..._ f - _ BE G‘lAR.l.»0'fTETf\wN t u/\s._i»\\' _ _ PAGE NINE

_ 1 Ac;Azll\lE - -» Guasptl/any

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wan slstcgll units

FARMERS MUST ALWAYS BE ON TIIE ALERT.

.lownnd Pei-nlcions Plants Are Intro- _ In lang Ways and rheu- - usielrence Should Be Noted at

Once-_»-_-_Important Point Regard. ill ‘Control Is to Destroy All W0!! Before They Have Gained lmdway.

No matter how careful a mah may

bein preventing weeds from going to seed on his land, most of his work will ‘be for nothing if he permits seeds to be constantly brought to his farm from the outside. Another im- portant point regarding weed control is to destroy pernicious weeds before they have gained suihcieat headway to do serious damage, Farmers should ever be on the alert for the appearance of new weeds which are being introduced and for old weeds which are developing noxious tendencies. When a plant shows any tendency toward becoming it troublesome weed it should be called to the attention of _someone in auth- ority and every effort made to keep it under control. _

Weeds may be brought to the farm

in various ways. The principal source of introduction is through seeds.

Many of the purchased graiu.

clover and grass seeds contain weed seeds as impurities, How can the farmer purchase clean seed? in no 'permanent way will the quality of seed offered for sale be greatly im- proved except by- greater knowledge and alertness on the part of the con- sumer. First, the farmer should know what constitutes good seed; second, he should know fairly closely _what high-grade seed is worth; and, third, he should be willing to pay a fair price for it.. Laxity on one or more

-;,T. fy- \‘ *_-'

(El _' _'M _ ‘I yi(

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`I“

,agp-

v ~ - ‘r

A __ i 4,1. '~ -~ __

mddddllil

Oliarseterlstle Root Growth of Canada Thistle, a Permanent weed.

of these points is responsible for m_ost of the fsrmer’s trouble over poor aebds. Seedsmen say that they are forced to carry poor seeds in stock because many farmers will not pay for the better grades. Cheap seedsasre really; the most expensive kind that can be purchased. ‘ _

in improving his knowledge of

what constitutes good seeds, the farmer will find the advice of the agricultural experiment stations oi great' assistance. These institutions gladly test samples of seeds for farm- ers free of charge. That test will show whether there are any weed seeds or other impurities present and the percentage of germination of the crop seed. In purchasing seed of alfalfa and clover the most Important point to consider is the presence of dodder seed. Clover seed should also be examined for seeds of the plan- tains. ‘Some kinds of stock feed are free of weed seeds, while otbers.are not. Cotlouseed meal, oil meal, brewers' and distillers' grains, corn bran, _mid- dlings and the gluten feeds are prac- tically fl'ee` of weed seeds; but mo- lasses feeds, oat chop, wheat bran and the mixed feeds are apt to con- tain more or less seeds of various weeds. This is especially true of that class of mixed feeds made from mill ily-products, for the reason that such by-products are partly composed of screenings. These screenings contain weed seeds resulting from the clean- ing of grain. Some ilrms grind or heat the screenings that go into mix- ed feeds, and in such cases the per- centage of live weed seed is very low. _ Nearly all purchased manure is full of weed leeds. If it is hauled to the farm when fresh many thousands of weed seeds are introduced. so that_ the farmer is storing up future trou- ble for himself. As this manure us- itllly hal lo be removed from the town in the fresh state, the only chance \to compost it lu order to mike the weed seeds roi_ is after it riches the farm. lt has been found thot the weed seeds in manure plies rot quickly. under ordinary condi- tions. so that practically all of them, have lost their vitality in two months. Whether the farmer. should <‘0i11ii0ii' city manure by leaving ll in plies after he has drawn it to his farm is questionable.

_i

__

_ _Dairy Cow ls Economical. _Two facts stand ont. prominently

as reasons forlthe increased produc- lids and use oi milk., »’l`h‘_~ iiriii ll that milkha :purchased on the mar- ket usually’eupplies food material together with the growth-producing elements, more economically than either nicht or_egga. The second rea- son is t,hat,the dairy cow is the most eoonomicai producer of animal food. Ogle great law ol food conservation l,llto lurn',lhedlhle~feeds into edible foods is the cheapest lwssibiii “illi- i_li`i‘_ The dairy cow will utilise coarse materials, ihedihle io humans-such 9 grass, cornslaiks and hay -- Iii!! _ ill turn them late milk. other farm

:rituals al¢o‘sre converters of coarse _ ushers into eclhie foods. but are

not so eE 'lout as the dairy cow.

Less Hens In Holland. _

According to Government iltured

the number of he in Holland has

llsreesed from $330,000 to 8.000.- 0 0 in _two years. I

the neu.

_.'.ili‘.i‘.llf

' porrt

aotd ooali at Bee Der lb 'Fha grills

Proper Care Wm pmauce vu.,

Satisfactory Rem|¢_¢_ `

A hw iuvins 200 em in il real- is ‘

not at all unusual. A four-pound hen lnllng this number will produce 5|; 3\";°“:l;‘le'_' V°_i¥hi ill 088s. To do this of _ d legit re from 70 to 80 pounds _ __ _ ee _ or economical production ‘

B “°°°““"Y1 (1) that the food be '

lir0lierly selected. (2) that it be fed iii ii0i’i'9°i Proportion and in a Judi. cious manner in order that her dlges- I five organs may be kept in good condition. (fl-l that she be fed enough “° tha' *|19 has lilélily of surplus for b ogg production. _ c

The problems of poultry feeding D

i`€fliili‘€ 80011 Judgment and keen ob- ll servailon. Hens led lor egg proline- t tion should have foods high in the f food elements which are found in H1 eggs. 'fllose fed in the fattening pens s should _have the foods which most '- economically Produce fat. The best l ration, then. is ilu- one which sup- h plies most economically thc food re- f. ilulrements of the bird for the pur- 8 pose for which il is kept. d

it should be remembered that one a

_of the principles of poultry feeding ll is that the lien cannot do well, if fed 11

does a ration of grain fail iu furnish ti the proper food nutrients. but such u. h ration is difficult for the bird to di- a Kell properly. 'i‘he great fault with the farmer in his poultry feeding is h that he attempts to feed a whole o _grain at ibut. Such a ration results a in poor cgi: produclion and also causes digestive disortlers and liver and kidney troubles. Complaints of this kind frequently come to _the Department of f'o'ultr_v Husbandry and u. suggested change in the ration has usually resulled in the elimina- tion of the trouble. lliiicient diges- tion demunds a coiublnatlon oi' whole and ground grains. A ration should consist of grains and ground feeds. (lenerally speaking, twice as much i grain should be consumed as ground feed. This depends, of course, upon the nature of the foods fed. f

A good ration for ogg production,

can be made with a combination oi' grains and ground feeds. For grains, equal paris by weight of wheat and corn, or in the winter time lwlce :is much corn as wheat, may be used. For ground feed, a. mixture of equal paris of bran, shorts and cornmeal muy. be used. Eiiiclent egg produc- tion requires also that this ration he supplemented with 'either sour milk -all thai. the birds will drink-or ln case sour milk is not avaliable, commercial beef scrap. Ono-fourth of the ground feed should consist of

beef scrap in case ihis is used.

The importance of keeping grit

and oyster shell before the birds nt all limes cannot be over-estimated and is especially important during

the winter months.

ldlcvatol' Screenings.

During thc past year elevator

screenings from the head of the lakes, formerly almost wholly ex- ported to the United States, have been made available to Canadian stockmen. A standard stock food has been made out of recleaned screenings, This product, now avail- able in large quantities, may vary somewhat in character, but is fairly unlform,»and wherever used is pro- viding an excellent feed. The aver- age composltlon of many samples used is as follows:

Per cent.

Broken and shrunken wheat _ . 46.1 Wild buckwheat . . . ._ _ . . . . . 37.1

Wild oats . . . . .. .

0ats........... _ .

Chall'

Mustard seeds Otherseeds 0.65

Tile actual percentage contained

of wheat and buckwheat varies more than in thc cast of the other con- stituents. Both, however, are of high food val-ue.

A fair cliemicai analysis of re-

cleaned screenings may show ns follows:

_¢ol¢~ion 463!-IGGS QQ”

Percent.

Protein 14

8

It will be seen. that recleaned

screenings shows a higher' analysis in both protein and fat than either wheli; or domesticated buckwheat. The dbro content is reasonably 10W-

Opporinnlty to Coll Dairy Stuck.

No dairy breed produces a smaller

number of undesirable animals than doel' the litilstein-`l~‘rleslan. yet we havelthem; and now is the time for the close culling of our pure bred herds, while the cuils will bring twice us much for bccf as in nor- mal tlmes. in season and out of season i ha-ve advocated close culi- ing: fur with the high prices for fled and la-bor it is an economic waste all around to keep an unprofitable cow. We keep cows for milk; thc calf is a by-product. No cow not. |‘ei_urnii1ll a good profit on milk produced should bo retained as _n by-product producer. We may be sure that for

cows und heifev calves slaughtered in Europe for meal will bo less than normal, and that the shortage will be made up by meat imporiatlons. We shuli get"o`ur share of the trade. and it-will have its effect on the mar- ket price to. bc obtained for cull stock. Then if you have not done so already, clean up now: you will nev- or have another 0Dli0i'lunl|i' “K0 Ulf* present.-hi. H. (lardner.

dot Pl-ont. from Dalrying.

in dt~.ir_ving large production and

proiltgiu hand in hand. Breeding fur- illlhes the most economic-ul way to qmgln -large-producing cows. The bore-brtid hull. with generations of high-producing mncestors back of him, must be used for breeding, and only tht- best heiférs from the best cows should be chosen io b'e the dams' of the next generation.

C190.-tl (irons Per (`ow. A At lg coulbc ldxperiniental Farm

th", were 25 pure-bred Iloistelns in 1917. All the milk_ produced by

e built of wood, brick, hollow tile, ement, or stone. Wooden houses are referabie. because they are cheaper nd easier to keep dry than the other ylles. Ii is dllliculi to keep moisture rom collecting on the walls of at re-

uch houses are built for sweet. po- alo storage they should hc lined with umber so as lo keep the air in thc ousc from coming in contact with he masonry walls. It is best to build weet potato storage houses on foun- ations that allow a circulation of

ousc built partly under ground, is

_ _ ot satisfactory for storing sweet. pn- , on u whole grxuu ration. Not only tatoes at any time, because it is prac-

cally impossible to keep this type of ouse dry. and moisture in thc stor- ge house will cause the crop to rot.

ouse may be in the form of pillars r solid walls and should he of such

he level of the bottom of the wagon

F‘E\\ l.\"l‘l`RE§'.l‘ING FACTS IDI

BUILDERS.

oodon Strlscturea Are Prefer-able They Are Cheaper and Fseior to Keep Dry-They Permit

- Circulation of Air, But "Dugout"

is Not‘Elatisfactm'y on Account of Moisture. '

Sweet- potato storage houses may

ent, stone, or brick house. Where

r under them. The "dugout," or

'l`he foundation of the storage

height that the floor is about ou

t bed, while thc foollnxzs should iw

§ -A is'y£nr ‘_"

TWD E I4 47191 7

4

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EIB ~/Ollfl I6 04

[I 6940: I l 1 " " |§" \ ~-"t7‘\‘i' :~»` in [fi _ su

/e-'a'

Cross Section of Small Sweet-Potato -Storage House. 12 by 16 Feet.

carried below lthc frost line or lo solid ground. (lirders ii by 10 or 8 by 8 inches in size are usually placed on the pillars. _

Where ceuleui, brick or stone

foundation walls are built. they should extend 18 to 20,inchc:-1 above the ground level; and plutes`2 to Ii inches thick and 8 to 10 inches wide should be placed on the wall. In us- ing wails for the foundation it is ne- cessary to provide means for venti- lation under the house. This can be done by placing small windows in the foundation every 10 to 12 feet. Even where solid outside foundation walls are used it is advisable to sus pillars for the centre supports. The rows of pillars should be not farther apart than 'R to 10 feet.

The space between the walls

should be left open, because any ma- terial used to keep out the cold will absorb moisture. Many storage houses have been built with sawdust, shavings. or similar material between the walls, but this practice should never be followed. Sawdust will take up moisture and when once wet will never dry out. The moisture will keep the house damp and cause the walls to rot. The air space is a good insulator if the walls are made tight..

Thorough ventilation is necessary

ln n. storage house. This is provided by means of windows, doors. and vontilntors in the floor and through the roof.. The openings in the floor around the stove prevent overheating the potatoes near thc stove. The bots tom of the windows should be Within

18 igehes or two fcei oi' the floor. The _win ows and doors must. be made so as to close tightly to keep out the cold. All windows should be made to`opon from the outside. as the bins will .interfere with opening them from the inside. Where glass win- dows nre used, outside shutters are put on. and these should be well

gzdded. Some ofthe windows should

_made of glass, so as to admit light

without. letting in cold air, as it is necessary to have light when working in the house angin cold weather the house should not be kept open.

The arrangement of the interior of

the house depends upon thu methods of storage used. Some growers store potatoes in boxes, crates, baskets. or hampers. while others store in bins. The smaller containers are to be pre- ferred to bins where it is practicable to use them, because they eliminate

the next few years the number of,

th s .hertl was uuide into cheese and

_‘ _ _

average return por cow was $190.44.

considerable handling and reduce the amount of decay. Many growersstore in the hampers that are to he used for marketing the potatoes. This is s satisfactory plan, as it requires no outlay of money for storage recepta- cles. and the packages for shipping must be provided in any event if tho crop is to be marketed.

Value from Ensilagc.

Cutting corn for the silo before il

ll ready is too general. a practice. The-full feeding vaiuc of the crop oa_hno|_ be obtained until the soft dough stage is reached. The lower lelfvea will then be dead, some of the husk! will have turned brown. and the 'ears will be hard. but thelstalks and upper leaves ol' the plants will still be green and succulent. Cut- ting before this time is like market- ing cattle or hogs before they are finished.

Tollcoo Seed for Southern Ontario.

_ Tobacco growers of Southern On- tario can. by applying to the Tobacco Division, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. before the end of February, secure one-quwter ounce samples of and of either hito liuriey or Warne tobacco. This quantity of seed is suf- Ml`$tt to sow, 150 squarefeet of seed- bed, and to plant one acre andls half. The supply of seed ls__limited (potato

_ _ _ HOW IT LOOKS TO C:\ NADIAN AGRICUI/.l‘l'RlS'l`.

Soldier Whd Was Formerly an Expert

l in Buch Matters Tells His lm-

ll pression of _the French Methods-

_ Orchards Destroyed by the Hun Invaders Are Very Sail Sight. '

NE of the best accounts of agriculture, as' practiced in the vicinity of the lighting front in France, ls' given by

A. Il. Cutting, formerly an editor of several ‘Toronto agricultural periodi- cals, who enlisted with a. Canadian battalion at. Winnipeg, and, as Sergt. Cutting, saw considerable service with the colors. His article appears in it recent. number of “The .l~`arm~ er,” Si. Paul. of which his brother, M. C. Cutting, an Ontario College graduate. is an associate editor. Scrgt. A. ll. Cutting, who is also u graduate of thc O. A. C.. is now lec- turing on horticulture in the Khaki University. " The following are extracts from Scrgl. Cuttlng's article. which is under thc invading, "Agriculture in and Near No Mun’s Land":

“The agriculture of No Man's

Land is mostly non-existent. By 'No l\ian's Land' I refer lo all Franco that has been thc scent- of battle. Every foot of such land has been a No Mnn’s Land nt one time or an- other.

“Fsrming was carried on there in

some sections that remained quiet long enough for preparing the soil and sowing the seed. but the swaying of ofienslves from Marcin to Septem- ber so trampled under foot or ‘blew to smithereens’ the promise of crops that the harvest was infinitesimal, compared with what might have been. Sufficient. was salvaged. llow- ever, to make the work of harvesting worth while. Everyone knows which side did the harvesting after the mid- dle oi' July!

“To agriculture lu No Man’s Land

thc ‘uukindest cut ul' ali' is the wan- ton destructiun'oi` nrchmriis every- where ihat the Hun has been. Nearly every tree not ruined already by shell Dre has been felled or irreparabiy damaged by axc or saw. To me these orchards are among thc saddest sights oi' the battlefields.

"ln tieilnlle and dc_iigllti`ul cou-

trast lo the desolation of No M:-1n's Land lie the ilelris of Franco behind thc lines, Every effort to make lu- creased production help win the war is being put forth by the people. And thc wonder of It all is. to nie, how they manage to till such large areas and produce the line-qualitled, heavy crops thai, they do by the practice of almost primitive methods-prau~ tices and implements like those of pioneer days in America-»~eveu on their poorest land, clayey, shaiey, some of it half chalk. Everything is done intensively, to be sure; exten- sive fsrmlng. as known in America, is not practiced. Farming methods in central and ,southern France art- uiore modern, I um told. I write here only what 1 have actually seen in the northernantl northwestern parts ni'

the country. _ _

"Three things attract the eye forc-

ibly when viewing the farming land- scapes outside the villages. First is lhc terrncoil llill.'si<lt~1', .-\|||mrcnlli'. thc Frenchman does not liht- wlu-l:- ing up and down hills, oven modernit- slopes. Instcad. by ierl'aoiu_=~. which must be u long. laborious job, he turns the hiilshle into u. series of level fields that look like broad steps ascending from earth to _-sky-lim-_ Even lf the farmer does noi. cultivulc the rises of the steps. he has increas- ed the surface area of his i'arm. Mako e. drawing and llgure it out! Note that I did not say ‘tillable’ urea! Most farmers, however, do cultivate thc rises as well as the trends, whor-

evcr practicable.

°"l‘he second thing that attracts

specially is the 'patch work’ appcur- uncc of the farms. A number uf various sized, shaped and colored lit- tle plots. all uufcnced, appear scwu (not sown) together into a gigantic crazy quilt. The scenic elect. is pleas- ing;' but one cannot help wondering if the practical effect on production and one pocket-book of having. say. ll half-dozen one or two-acre patches

used. I have seen u. few antiquated reapc-rs and binders. and a mower or two, hui these are exceptions. it may be that better kinds of implements _tvers used before the war than are ln use to-day. Better- kinds surely will be used after the war, lf tho people heed the demonstrations of ciiiclency given by agricultural implements im- ported from the United States and Canada into France by military auth- ority for purposes connected with the war. _

"Ons thing among the many that

the French farmer does know is that land will not produce good crops your aftcr year without being fertilized. Every pound ni' lllallllrfi thai. his Sla- bles produce and lllai lic can beg or buy (in trade) goes on tho land. None is wasted, except by cxposurv and leaching in barnyards.

"Among thc interesting sights- of

the llarvesl field are clover in cocks so small that a child could lift one: hay of all kinds in cocks tied with thongs at thc top; grain in shocks much larger ihun made in America; and hay. straw and unthreehcd grain in symmetrical, many-shaped stacks, of which the French and _also the English and Scottish farmers are master builders. _

"Every farmer seems to have plen-

ly of horses, such as they ure. All the good horses in the country have been connuandeereri for army pur- poses. except u number nf pure~breds left in selected localities for breed- ing. Those left for working the farms are mostly ille unftts. The pre- doniinailnk iype is heavy draught, showing Perchcrun blood. mostl _

amount ._viiifbeIn\rrluo _mal mn-~

ammonia ~

throughout the colluiry, bul llianugcd

to see only two, both nl’ which would ga

be disqualified in an American show ring for sheer audacity nlouc. Let us consider them oxccpllons, which

li- nt' l-‘|'mlii|~l.~‘ I-`lli'ni,~'lii:s Steady

iucomt- 'f‘lu'uuui\oui Your.

i. 'i`lll~ suiri ni tiul\',\-‘ pro/lusts fur- l:sll~'>.~= tl _eirully lu-'oulc throughout

probably they were. Most farmers “

they may be old and biemlshed. “

colts, too young as yet for work “ either on the farm or at thc front. 1'

have al least one or two mares of U’ - - ‘ _ 1 i d ggmd breedmg qua|;1|e3 eve" ||,,,“gh upon crop sales lor his inconlo us-

There are also lots of reully good 'lf

1- vt-ur Tilt furllcr i-'lm de len s

nmnnm 'WE HWNS. uons mol were ol-rl-rm roi- service' som: _u»\'\_\"r_m|:.< or mmf. nlllvivvl x-'noir tmowlnn.

W _

ully makes tho llulk oi' his sales dur. g one or two |uonlh-- _-lf the year, hllc <iuring`ii|t'- rt-st ol' the _vear he as no rulsll income. §~_`u<~h :t sygtf-_til

Experienced Orchu-diets Will Resume

' Planting. Among the branches 0! agriculture

that are due to benelt from the rt-storntion of normal conditions ot transport of products. flllilt~frowini is not lo he me last by itil! iiwiiiil iii"-‘firiiins 'lo them-ectetiohi or than

y /' ‘ g “

'_war gloriously and safely, with c.i'u<-l P _ losses nt' men, but without the dis:-i

"Callie in this pari. oi' the country

[been in France, at rest or training

in train or bus or on fool over mam miles of farming country. I have seen no more ihan u dozen head of (initio that were other than rc-cl in color. This cliaracterlstic. couplt-tl with comparison with llrr-ods lhnl i know or have read about, makes mr- think that these cattle originated iu Nor- mandy. l have asked xt llmzcn farm- ers, by means of my 'pldgin’ French or through lnicl‘p|-clam, wiiui brecil their cows were, and noi. une could tell ine. 'l`o them they were ‘just cov/s.' At any rule, they are good general purpose cattlc for genornl purposzc furulcrs.

in thc xnoruing :ind oticu not again until uboui nlnc o'clock at night. Some farmers milk lllrer times u day. English and Sc.-ottlsil soldiers can buy this milk :ii eight or ten cents :1 quart. even less sometimes; but lim Canadians und the Yanks, ull of whom are considered millionaires l»_\' luosi pl-au~iuiil.~:, are liuiiored with at special price that ranges: anywiieru froln twelve to twenty rents, ac-cor<l- ing to the man, the multi and this moment.

“Goals also are raised »;»xlensivciy

for milit, meat and work. Of sheep and swine, I can say very little. Thu few ol` the former that i have seen g were poor specilncns, and the ulany ' of the latter were worse. There arc lots of good live stock in Frlincml pure-bred and grade, but that kind is nut prevalent in districts near ilu-

wur zone.

"Poultry are plentiful. Every vil-

lage housewife keeps a la.i'g<> flock of liens, usually scrubs, to which silt- attends with great rare and solirl- _ tude." f

- lC\`l<lIt RE.Ail\'. 1

('nnudu Caine Through the \\':xr film-iousiy and Safely.

Ct»ntiililili_: obtaining in Couu\l.l

before the outbreak of war iii 15114 were such us io make it harder lor the public in general to stand ilv-_ ical and sll:\lli for the i`u\|r your.- i-i _ trial tu como. | We were u peace-loviuf: pcopit- iw- i ured to ilu- soflcr experieucw. :milf comforts of lilo. Thrift, for lusiuni--'_ i was nut an oulstuuriinu t-ll:Lrut-tc-risi ic _ of Cnnadiauu. Iutcrc-si in puhiir :_-I fairs, as was shown uiwuys on citw- tion days, was confined io a slnull minority. _ Practically nothing had been don-J

or had happened to prepare us for war. ‘

And ei, Canada came ihiou ll lllt E

iress at lmnrc ibut might have hcl n expected from the unrcadlness of 1914. i Five years after 1914, wc coxlzc

face to face with the tasks, problems and duties of reconst_ruct_lon. Wilh- out minimizing their xllutmltudc. it,

lllon lllun \\'\» \\'el‘t- for \\'ur.

cessful. then, why should we u-_i triumph in lhv contests of peace?

Canadians rome up to peace with

are all red in color. Whllc l havc "’

in various villages. and on the mow- U' ~» _ _ _ _ ¢

_ cumpul't>li with fuller furlu products. fl

"Tile cows are milketi very out-I_v l

l litinvll :it a high lcviil anti crops ln-

| muy bf- affirmed confidorllulli' that v. ~ I

;:ir<~ boiler priilittrcti for 1-vi-ons:ll"|,--l

' li` our wur service lius becii su I

requlrl-_~: long r-|'ctili~‘ in the com-

2. 'i`li<- nmrlcrl for llttlifv protiur-iii` lt'ilitli0“ \'€‘l')' lltllti vtiur by \'¢_ii\r gg

Ii, 'l`ilrougl1 lilo l:-:_;:x-rl of manure

to lht- loud the 1r|~liiit~_' will pllyfiicztl ,conriiiillu r»l` ll.~~ :wil ;~;l'_' we minin-

__ _

.s:-'f`__;%-L'!~ _--_f~;_-;"'_', ` .t-.'_`_-ef _fin __,’f`~<~¢» :'>_ ;__- ' l»lv*t@‘;.1¥§."‘» ;¢ sit? `=fa.'.<,'._ | rc-_ _ityé-_-'-r ~ 1. _. _ ,\, ~_~~*'=; .'e,vi¢i€» `~__'__. __

1' _ -f .*._vT_;¥:;»_'ff> fifigfzf' *.-'§'!_*’_'--r.‘i__ _._ g 'ef' _&_'¢'i§._;f,=_;_-gf =*‘¢'~`c4§1< ;,-_ »f£~~,,-.-if _ N M fx" '4` V 3"" ` }‘ \

3 i

,:.__"jc~; '-~ _ _ '_.L_ _ Q;-`>~'§_;t}_i'>.-,_ »'._.__.',,. ;§'}i~ Lf-'

/ ~ ' PM .

A Good Dairy Herd Gives the Farm Many Advantages.

creased. liven utter mtily years ;1 properly uiulntulncd lluiry farrn has f'0ns‘_Iuull_\' iilifirusirls rrrhp yields ln- slouti ut' titit'l'cusiu;.~, ¢>1u_i;s_ i

4. ill’tiali'_vl11g, lzlbol' amy be ull-'

llzt-ti ul u more uniform roto through- out ihc your than in nt-nrly any other farm l>usines.~l_ Tho grain grower, for cxampla-, may have to c»n1plo_v much ildtliiioual labor :ll llul'\'c:;t lime, but so ful' air: Ihr tittlry is l-\nif'<»riivli thc dail'yu|u.i\ has about lllv uunlc tlulios io perforiu ovt-ry Lnoutii of the yt-:=.l'. 'i`hus, loss help is required seasonally and pcrulaxurm employes muy he kept,

5, Through till: dairy row many

unsslnbic rougilugcs lu':ty bc lruua- formcrl into prorlllcls from wliic-I1 cash may iw rculizf-d_` (irnss buy. corn ikltldcl' :ind ntllcl- roughuge which ulay noi. liaivc al ruddy salt- all-.rl c<‘olion1ic:lIl_\' utilized by tht* tiairyt cow. Lahti \\l1l<rh is 'not suitable for cultivutiu.u can iw utilized for pas- turagc for <iniry_i~<lws.

Cost of Rearing Horses.

Some interesting calculations have

been made at thc various Dominion llxperimentni Farms us to tho cosll of rearing: :intl maintaining i1ors:r~s=, At Frcclcrlcton, l\'_i3,, farm, it is suit! o have rust from $90 to $100 roi raise draft coils from birth to lilree years of age. An extraordinarily cheap ration would, however. appear to have been used. as the feeding of two' idle horses :xt this slstion from January 1 to April 1. 1917. is slated

to have hccn only $8.32 ouch.

At onli- of ilu- if-xp:-l~l1ut-uinl 1':\rlu:~

n Qucbtrt- lin- m.=t of illulnlf-nmlt-~ oi' lwclvii- l1cu'~_\ lim-.<t~:: 1-u1plo_\'t-il in [ loavy \\'m~h \\:1:= <-;t1'vl`uily kept, 'l`ilf_ l totitl cost of it-cd alnlounittl tm $915.76 for lilo l\\'t-iw, ul' $76.3] pl1`_ bend por veal; or 20 't 4-cnis per hcaul `

unliy. °

a very remark-.tble training in stcarli- I I

Jer day. 'Tho totul huullu-l- of hou|.~= u i l '

who are most interested in t"ll_Q indus-

try. Allhougiijmany 'orchdrg hart been sacrificed on account" iab`o: conditions. and the wa_nt,of demanf hat existed during the war period lose that have survived are evidenc- ot either unusual skill on the par' of llu_»ir- owners nr the fact that they arc specially well located as regards soil and ulimuiir |'equlrt=ments-- v\'l|<-liler tile laiicr circiilnsianrc i; dill- lu wisp selection of the site or to good fortune. A good opportunity for fli:_|ir»..ir_.: of his product. is certain to tl l-i.<|- im lim owner of such fruit troci;

f Qt* _ ,.‘ ,-‘ _"f‘y~_ _

i ' `.f'»_,~"<-'_ ' “ff‘<._' :.';`;' =_»_-~. l '¥‘V`»:'*v"’ "1 T* '_ '» -_ u,~- ll.f,\~~ t~omt~ through the past few

chrs in ill. condition to yield a crop 1 high quality, and there is now rt ht-ur-r prospect of his being able to <_»oll-\- on the work of pruning, spray- ln-. hull harvesting, at a coat that

5 -o

__ .‘§rr\= __=__`;`~ iw- gc __ . 17'? _~".~_2_ ..,~~ ` fi' ‘_ v1 `

~ 5;’az"'fi’~| “in H __ nt M '__c_;;_,»»~j-_nt-_>\-is,,.¢;;t‘:;:~(§<__;_==_ _5.;_ ' :l ou' 0 :t pro Oil B 0981'- .-, <, <._# -f 5-_, ,_ _ . . ~‘__.-- .W _ ___ ,,_,_,§__ 5 .~‘-_‘“ n.lo.»=. wht-u his crop is disposed of.

_ ,l'f*°5»‘f<,4`;i gy ll~ \-low of the severe losses ol ' f __ _ trc_~_= than occurred in orchards ol

__ _,_-Q, )~ ___-,_‘-__,‘»__~_.__ | rl-lull-|~ fruits last winter. the crop of ggi: §¢~;'_"f", till-:no :hui may result next fall, even ;,\`\f~ @_,,,_' ' _,i‘-__;,_,,;3°f`<<_=:=f j ~'._'_’=`if'.,-i'I" iiriili-i ll.:- most fu-voruble conditions

_ ;,.__ _ _ __ _:__;.;~___ ____/2__ .i__ <],,,,||,| |,,_, ,.a,,,}_\. (usposcd of at goat; ; __ Y _`7'~__`_,;'§___:.4_:~.__,;‘.__,t_~' ` rlx'lvr»: ou lhc homo markets, wlillf

_ -'-f».;-$5-*24#`$'-74:'%l<ii§fE‘*1€1`€‘f~l*"1 :"»-"='."%@, 1 iii" mor-~ sluple fruits, especially up

viii ::, _m:l_v ln- cxpct-_led i_o ilnd an out» lt-1 \':u_ lin- 1-Xflort routo in ztddltiqr to :hut which is sure to be provldot ill the home market when the pur- cimulrlg power of our people as z wiioli- liar; been increasing by thi' op/-nings for rcmuncralive employ- rutnl px-¢-scnteti by the undertakings for reconstruction that are contem- plated on every hand.

The following of hard times fox

m~rllurdi.~:is, so soon after the booth in plziullug which preceded the war will doubtless liuve effected the pet nlunoul discourugcnlent of mam who were starting in the fruit-grow ing llusuwss, but it is more than like- ly thru lite old hands will seek tr incrcnsc-_ lhrlr output of fruit as earl; 'is possilrlc. and so will undertak' tilt- piuntimt- oi' many trees as t=arl_‘~ ns next spring, and for these mel the success or failure of certain va rioties under the adverse condition. oxistiug lu the past few years can la taken as nn indication of the suit ability of certain varieties to cerlall locations. Of course, proximity tt' mrlrkcts plays an important part ir 'lc-twlilining the possibilities of profil from i`l"ult_-growing, to a marked on it-ul, and it is often found possible to offset lilo advantages of u mal- uruily hood producing district. by pay- ing particular attention to au orch- ard loss favorably situated in that rcsurd, and taking full advantage of better marketing facilities. The im- provement of highways and the gen~' erui increase of facilities for trans- poriatlou that may be expected in the next few years is sure to put pro- ducers more on ri level as l'ega.rtis tht-ir_ marketing opportunities, and it will llc then ibut the importance of ations lug the class and variety of the cl-ml lo the character of the soil and climatic conditions will be fully realized. '

An effort to impress farmers in

all lines with thc importance of fol- lowing the indications of nature lr solci-1 inc tht- crops for their farms lr llmte-uylluil-ii by the Ontario Agricul- urul ill-iiairiiiiciii. il. is intended thul_

following the ilndings of the soil sur~ \-ey, whit.-h hns bf-cn in progress for smuc lima-, the department will estab

ish demonstration plots of reason-

lule size at points where the peculla:

Thorac rc-turned soldiers appear-ilu:

here in new crowds daily represent thc stuff ui' victory over tho i-lun.

livery otilcel' noted on the strct'-ts;

has undergone severe, exact ami methodical training.

All the people of Canada hu\o

had good reason to learn somethin: of value to the country since July 1914.

Wur has prepared' us for recon

struction infinitely better than peace prepared us for war.

steady und with good courage.

“The Dnmbells" Score.

Thr Third Canadian Division coll

cert party, “The Dumbells," thai,

fore the King' and Queen of thc liri- ginns and full audiences. The pro- ceeds were givcn in uid of Belgian charities.

Tile reception thc Canadians wt-rw'

given in Brussels was quite thc most cnthuslasiic they have ever had. Thi' audience cheered ui every proper op- portunity, shoutcd in clmrus “Braw- Canada," und sang repcnicdlv "H Canada."

A few nights previous io these sp- -

cial perforniunces. some members of.

ville show tllcrc. One of the por- foriucrs was a conjurcr und. as is usual with ills kind, hc invilcil inclu- hers of the audience on thc stage in be convinced ihst he iiuti "nothing in his hands and nothing up hi.; sleeves." A "Dumbell" accepted the invitation and llc persuaded some uf his confrercs to Join him. Then tho stage manager announced to the audience thagtlie soldiers were Cann- dianu and part of tho Third Division concert party. The audit-ncc then bo- gnn to cheer and insisted on our boys giving some entertainment. Tin-

Canadlana held the boards until near- ly midnight. _

Interested In (_'aua'dian Stock. The lloumanian Vice-Consul in

_

P _

3 ‘he would illio torcproduco in same

gr `in_color_ massive in bone an some photos of Canadian Holstein- eogorruatiou, and pour in quality. lF‘rlesian cultic und of l‘r-rcheron and

England has written to Canada that he is preparing n study on Rou- mania‘s economic recuperation for ubilcation in that country, and that

_~‘_1 hoped to see the hind o'f‘stsl- farm draught horses.

._ ,__ _ _..~...,..... _

_ncss. iilorougiluesl; und thrift. .

' l _ l

The new em opens to find Canada 1

_

_ l

of wheat separated by a similar num- like the SSCOUU DlVi5i0l1 ll`00iiS, "'i`l;i» liurhood. ’i`llll: report says: _ ber of like areas Of ii0tal0€S 01' \iBi'li‘_!»' See Tous," scored such a hit. in Lou- or rye on the same farm. is satlsfac- don, wept to Brussels, the capital of tory. Belgium, during the first week of

“Very few iuodern iinpleiiients src' the year, and gave some pcl~rorl__- I

ances in the leading theatre therc l»--- _ i

"the Dunibeils” went to thc Galcly ,l Theatre in Brussels tu sec the vaudv- 4

1 5

i` wnrk 'or iw lwclvt- llfwses wo:-| 32,8913, :lull tht' ztvci'il|:t~ l,!lI¢l llmlrzii per hoist- for the _\'c:1l. und u tially] average of 6.5 hours per lion-se. E:u‘l~\ hour-'s work, therefore, frost 3.8 cenlsi for feed. The above figure-s are based _ im zlrbitraijv cost values of feeds. Ai t.he average prices actually paid, the total cost would be $i,.’.il5.'32 for thi- ycai' for twelve ll0l'.=r~‘. $132.9-l per horsc, 116.4 cents; por ilr-all per tiny. At this price on ilouris work \voult!__

result. was that the rightful perform- , ers gathered in the wings, and the |

cost 6.67 cc»nis_ I

.____,___,_______ I

.\`of at l‘|'o|ui.~‘in;.z l’i-uspcct.

The roporl of the Dominion l-)_\;-

perimcntnl Furlu :ll llupusicasing for lilll’ does not scorn io promise vary well for the sol<lit~r scliicntenls ii ll: proposed to rsiuillisli ln tlmi ucigh-

“Over 110 ucrcs of land was suun `

with oats; only about six acres oi' this maturetl. Five acres were sown with O_A_C`. bzlrlry und gave evra-ry ndicalion of u hi-nvy rrop; small. patches ripcnoil on the vvcli-drulm-<|f sirens. A lalr;_f1i ':u'cz| oi' M1ll'qul':', whcul, which should have been all fnlr crop, was dcfstroycd in the milk ‘ stage. The heaviest crop at the sul- tiou was a mixture of Arthur pcu:f_‘ and oats. This was cut green and' fed to the stock. The root crop wus it failure owing tn tho cxircmciy owl spring ond lilo very late datc _ll which st-ell 'was sown. Two and onc- half acres of well-cultivated land were plunicd in potuitres with uu- ested socti of unknown \:1rlet.y. Thr totai yield from lilo plui wus 150 lilishels. The fuiluli- of tho crop wu.< clioraclerisll-~ oi' |l._» dist:-ici. bt-ing caused hy poor semi, weulllcr condi-