rgressivo Conservative party and

l: F0 Til! llllhllHlTTETllWit lillllilillll

Iorning Daily ‘(Founded in urn Altierlaed aa Second Clan Mail. Poet Olioe Department. Ottawa.

Ireddent, [an A. Burnett; Vice-President. Wm. B. Seem-Trees, G.‘ M. Burnett; Editor and g Director, J. B. Burnett; Aaooclate Editor.

Frank Walker.

‘he Strongest Memory is Weaker ifhan q the Weakest Ink.”

FRIDAY. MAY 30, 1941

The Freight Rates llaaring _..,__

For the second time within a year we are to have a visit from the Board of Transport Com- missioners, who ara scheduled to hold a one- doy sitting in Charlottetown today" to hear arguments against the proposed 30 per cent in- crease in railway freight rates. Briefs are to be presented on behalf of, the Provincial Govern- ment, Boards of Trade. and other. organizations and it is to be- hoped, as was the case when the Rowell Commission sat here in i938, that these ytaaantations will be properly ca-ordinated, so as not to overlap or--worse still—prove mutual- ly contradictory. There are good reascms why the Maritimes in general, and this island Prov- ince in particular, would be seriously handicap- ped by the proposed freight rate increase, and there should be no great difficulty in making out a convincing case in this connection.

ln New Brunswick, the Commissioners were told that the potato industry would be ruined by the proposed increase. The some applies to our island potato growers, but to a greater ex- tent by reason of their increased transportation costs for fertilizer and other requirements. ln Nova Scotia Premier Macdonold made strong representations, as did also members of the Maritime Federation of Agriculture.

lt is ironical, as the Halifax Chronicle cam- ments, that the very railways which originally wer built to provide communication between the Maritime Provinces and Central Canada, have turnedgout a second handicap to Maritime trade because of their heavy freights which it is now proposed to increase to the paint where Maritime interests are jeopardized.

Q" rl-reir visit here last July, the Transport Commissioners heard arguments for reduction of truck rates an the Borden-Tormentine ferry, and subsequently gave a ruling unsatisfactory to this Province. As a matter of fact, they should never have sat on that case at all, as they had no jurisdiction. The fault was not il1€lfS-——ii' was the Dominion Government which "passed the buck" to the Commission, well knowing that the issue concerned our rights as a Prov-

ince under the British North America Act. ln the present case there is no such anomalous situation. The Commissioners are sitting in every Province, and the railways naturally are fighting every inch of the way for the increased

. revenue whi'ch they maintain to be essential to their future operations. The sitting here will be brief, but it ought to prove a lively and fruitful one. ..

lt remains only to be said that Chief Commissioner J. A. Cross. K-c» i104 hi5 fel‘ low Commissioners will be cordially wel- comed to Prince Edward island on their own behalf. After they have finished-their onerous duties in connection with this inquiry, we hope they can find time for a longer visit, when they can rest and relax in the enjoyment of a real

vacation here. r

Aiding Quebec Producers

The following news item comes from 0t.- tawa. There is a good example here lvl‘ W!’ own Department of Agriculture'-

During the first three months of i947 the Quebec Department of Agriculture, in co-opera- tion with the Dominion Department of Agri- culture, gave hog carcass demonstrations at 32 separate centres within the Province. These meetings created a great deal of interest among the farmers and hog dealers, the total attendance being 3,667, or an average of il5 at each meeting. Each centre was chosen bc- cause it was the best in hog producing of that particular district. I _

Specially prepared information for each district was given by the aid of charts. Lectures on hoq diseases and remedies were delivered at each demonstration by veterinary officers of the Quebec Department of Agriculture, with the active co-operation of the District Agronomes, Ind other officers of both Departments of Agriculture. _

The purpose of these demonstrations was to instruct farmers on hog breeding and stimu- late hog breeders to improve their revenue and increase their production of select grade hogs for the next two yearspso that regular ship- monts of quality Wiltshii-e sides might ‘be achieved and Canada's bacon exports maintain- ad. The demonstrations are regarded as high- iy successful.

w; Last Resort

The committee set up by the King ov- ernment to re-arrange the Federal constit en- cies has by a straight party majority decided to resurrect the unsavoury practise of the gerry- mondar. Not only so, but the majority on the Redistribution Committee of tha House of Com- mons has gone so for os to recommend to the House the abolition, or mutilation, of the rid- ing: now occupied by the Leader of the Pro- three other key members of the Opposition group. lt is pro- posed to ra-arranga the riding of South Van- couver; now rpprosented by Howard Green, in such a mdnnsr as to compel that highly re- spected Membar of Parliament to shift to a newly created constituency, in order to make rare of his not in the House. Another proposal

iaito unite Han. John Bracken's constituency of Neapawa with tha adjoining riding of Portage la Prairie, which the Progressive Conservatives carried in the recent by-eldction. The result will be not only to establish a new constituency of enormous area but also to eliminate either Mr. Bracken or Mr. Miller from that section of the political picture. Quite as odious a recommen- dation would, if adopted, wipe out the constitu- ency of Lake Centre, Saskatchewan, represented by Johir Diefenbaker, the only Progressive Con- servative member from that Province and one of the best men in the House of Commons. Fin- ally the Government-dominated Committee pro- poses that the already widespread constituency of Muskaka, which Hon. J. M. Macdonnell now represents, be incorporated with an adjoining riding so as to create a new electoral division almost half as large in area as the Province of Nova Scotia.

Free Dispensary

The annual meeting of the Charlottetown Free Dispensary, which takes place in the City Hall tonight, marks the thirty-seventh year in which this worthy institution has been function- ing in the interests of the needy and under- privileged. The ‘customary’ annual reports will be submitted and there\will be an address by Dr. Harold Show, Provincial pathologist, which should prove of special interest. The public is cordially invited, and it is to be hoped that the attendance will be adequate.

- EDITORIAL NOTES n.

The Transport Commissioners are quite at home in Charlottetown, and seem to enjoy their periodic visits.

i I

a tr

Hope the proposed reduction in the new Car ferry freight rates is more reliable than the suggested dates of its commencing service.

i I I i‘

Two full-time Income Tax assesses ate now doing duty here in the interests of the farmers’ income tax. There is every reason why their visits should be made as pleasant and profitable as possible.

it i‘ I ln Ottawa, the House of Commons is press- ing the accelerator to enable members to get away before the "dog days". This period is always looked upon by the Government with favour, the members anxiety being the ad- ministrations opportunity, i A‘ i

Rayon aplenty will soon be once more avail- able. According to present export schedules, France will export three million square yards of rayon, valued at 3,000,520 pounds and 780,- 000 ‘pounds worth of pure silk to Britain in i947. Two-thirds of the raw silk included in these fig- ures will be re-exported to the Dominions. How- ever, French rayon exported to Britain for re- export purposes is not included.

I i i Q ' mbsiiis msfl¢-l_>i_,,<3re=<.¢_ furnis- liet from the piteaus condition in whi she finds herself through sticking by the Allies in the war. Our advertising columns have been carrying advertisements outlining the prevail- ing state of affairs so everyone should be fam- iliar with them. Lieut.-Governor Bernard is chairman of the local committee, with Mr. W. R. Cruikshank, manager of the Royal‘ Bank, City,

Secretary-Treasurer, to whom all cheques and remittances should be forwarded. I I I R Alexander Pope, English poet, died this

date i744; his essay on "Criticism" written at the age of twenty-three, in spite of a want of clearness in some of its theories, is a marvel of epigrammatic brilliance, and remains the best English statement of the doctrines of classic- ism: Avoid extremes; and shun the fault of such, Who still are pleased too little or too much, At every trifle scorn to take offence; That always shows great pride, or little sense. i Ir i i

Attention is drawn to the large advertise- ments of Smallman's Ltd., Summerside, success- ors to Sinclair 8r Stewart, in this issue. Mr. W. E. Smallman, president of the Company, is a most enterprising and aggressive business exe- cutive, and has surrounded himself with a bodv of livewire business associates who are determ- ined to make Summcrside "the business {entrc of the island," and, mayhap, of the Maritimes. The firm has acquired large additional proper- ties in Summerside, making the business a thor- oughly up-to-date departmental stare with all the accessories. A feature of the new busi- ness for out-of-town visitors is a lunch counter where he who wants to may eat on the prem- ises.

I

A thinly veiled suggestion that the Liberal Government was embarking upon a frenzied public works program in an effort to influence the Halifax by-election, says an Ottawa corre- spondent, was advanc-ed in the House of Corn- mons by Mr. A. L. Smith, Calgary West Pro- gressive Conservative. Ha referred to a report that the long-awaited Dartmouth-Halifax bridge was to be built and to the announcement of Agriculture Minister James Gardiner that the Government was prepared to assist in the ra- clamotion of the Maritime marshlands under a scheme familiar to the Prairie Farm Rehabilita- tion Act. The Calgary Opposition member das- cribed the matter as one "which, of course, is not political.” He had heard of the reported decision on the bridge construction via the ro- d.a and had learned of the marshland project when Mr. Gardiner announced it. "May I say that anything l say at the momen‘ about tha

a a w

Maritimes, I want to preface with tha stato- ment usually found in books that any refer- ence to any person living or dead is purely coincidental," lll said with irony.

l l

FHE CHARLOTTETOWILGUARDIAN

lletiis by tlia Way

At laaat we ahould be able to build up g peace without. the help of those who are forever shouting that without their help we couldn't have \von the Spectator".

No fewer than L25 Britlali war- ships have been given, lent. sold or otherwise transferred to other na- Vies. says The Ottawa Citizen. Of these. only 25 have been acquired by the Dominions. lhe remaining 400 going to Belgium, Chinp, Den- mark. EZirB. France, Greece, Indra. Italy. Netherlands. Norway; Por- tugal, Siam, Turkey and Yugo- slavia and Russia which got n hat- tleship, nine destroyers and four submarines.

r

In the reata-urant of the "lin- terprisa Scotland, 1947" Exhibition. which ivill be held at the Royal Scottish Museum in Edinburgh Lliis August, visitors will see a novel chandelier. The skeleton of a whale hangs from the ceiling of the big hall which is being turned into a restaurant, and the task of dismantling it. would have been considerable. The architects have therefore decided to make use of the whale and wire it. for lightrlls‘. -U'K Information Office.

The conditions of the past. are not the conditions of today, as wil- ness the U. s. immigration quotas. And talk obout"“absarpt.iva capac- ity" in the present conditions is not helpful. Much can be said a- bout lb. At the moment the- one certain thing is that however ac- tive and purposeful the Govern- ment may be, there 1s no chance whatsoever of obtaining no large a number of immigrants this year as to exceed Canada's absorptive capaciuv. The present need ls for the Government. to get an with the job and bring tn the lmml- grants. - Winnipeg Free Press.

1n the dim myth of historical background there is some excuse for the mispelling of the name place st. Cathariues. However. the official and legal records end all dispute. In 1849 our burg became a village; on May 1, 1876. there was s great public holiday for clvlchood. In the records the name of this city has been indeli-bly en- graved." St. Catharinos. We would very much like to see the spelling respected elsewhere in Canada, realizing at the same time that. there its no power on earth to stop the sport deuidlers from call- ing‘ us “St. KitteP-Bt. Catharines Standard.

Being a bachelor may have ita compensations, but not from s health angle. says The Kitchener Record. Those who strive lo "live alone and like it" are reminded by health authorities that. even more than family folk. they must watch their living schedules, if they would preserve their health. It ls such n temptation for the bache- lnr at‘ bachelor-girl to make do with a snack. Morerlvt-frmatly Irv- lllg"llOl'll‘. particularly ' menfolk. are inclined to be careless‘ with cleaning up their living quarters. Strict self-discipline is advised, not only with respect ta cleanliness nf roams and apartments. but with meal schedules and other aspects of living.

A dispatch from London notes that in 1942 Britons married young- er" than in any year this century, says The Toronto Star. Most popu- lar age was 2i, hut 88 men over S0 also ived. One girl became a mother ab 12, three at l3. and 1D at l4. There were 39 births to mothers aged 50 or river. In Canada the some year (with one-quarter to one-third the number of people who were in Britain) the favorite ages for grooms were 24. 23. 22, 25. with 2i 1n fifth place. Forty-seven men of B0 or over wed, one taking a 23-year-old, another n 24-year- rtlrl bride. Fifty woman in the '15- anrl-over bracket. were married. o-ne of them to n man of 31. Three girls became mothers at. l2, 1'1 at. l3. l0 at 14. There were 21 births to mothers aged 50 rind over.

Home rlay in the not. boo distant. future. after you have returned home from a dinner or theatre par- ty, your lady friend might lake off tha! beautiful orchid and offer you a, bite. Should this happen to you. don't show your ignorance and he too surprised. advises The Inter- national Digest. because n group of botanists at‘ the New York Botani- val Gardens recently returned from East Africa with a collection of over 10.000 strange plants. one of which was the odlhle orc id. In- stead nf growing on trees ike the decorative species, ll. flourishes on the ground like any ordinary plant. Tho natives in East Africa dig them up, season, hakennd oat them as n special delicacy. Now helm: cul- tivated ln the greenhouses of the Now York Botanical Gardens, they may soon he available to the pub- lic.

Autograph letters of George Stephenson about. the building of tho Liverpool and Manchester and the Wnrrington Railway are to be sold. They are full of details about the design and construction of wheels. boilers. gauges and engines which will fascinate railway ox- perls. Ono o-f the engines he rile- r-usaes ls called Lancashire Witch. Ho remarks ln another letter that "we are netting on very well with thr- tunnel underneath Liverpool." Another series of letters ls from Tom Paine and discusses Europ- ean and American politics. Dee- r-rlhl-ng William Pitt as "a very ignorant man on everything of for- eign politics" who irlea to black- guord his way along, he remarks that the game was triad on Am-

orfcn but that it was soon atop- pod when the Americans replied. "The Congress of America returna no answer to fnsolont lettoro."

war. -- Hamilton '

Mr. Bevin On The Peace Treaty With- Germany

(United Kingdom, Inflammation)

III

Mr. Bevin said that there had often been attempts to say the Western Powers wanted to federal- lec Germany for all sorts of vllq reasons. It did not help discussion,‘ in dealing ln this may vrilli foreign affairs. Therefore he was anxiou that this tendency to make a flrslv class quarrel by using such terms as federalism and centralisation at though they were points of confllc should be stopped. for lt was purely practical problem in whic the Allies must arrive at a co clusion bo preserve the political and economic unlty of Germany on e - sentlal matters, but which did n t ovemeentralise so that it could nt again endanger the worlds securlly “We "therefore approached t e question by the method that. o'c- should specify the tnnlLr-rs which should be embodied in the po-x s of the central government. and gie realdunl powers not specified she 1d be left to {he Laeridoi". I fccl as. a result oi the discussions that if we can get a further objective constit- utional approach. much work may be done between new and November and this difference of apltfvflll r9- conclled." .

Mr. Bevin said ilir- United King- dom Government strongly objected bo the daire that the DOliCp should be o, national institution. although certain circumstances might arise in which there should be some authority in the centre in connection with the police as in Britain through the Home office, but the main obleotlve to be reached was preventing the development ln Ger- many of a. police stale, which is the antithesis of democracy. "it. does not matter how many elections you have. if you have secret police oper- ated by a single minister who can inculcate fear into tho people. I made it clear this must not be created again. ‘

Mr, Bevin continued that the Soviet Delegation took the line that they should follow the pattern for the constitution of Gemlanv of the Vvelrnar Republic. But he said that he had to remind them that. the R-esident. o! the Wolmar Republic had the power to suspend the whole constliillion. and lb was agreed un- animously such power should not go into the new constitution. Re- ferring to the question o1 elections Mr. Bevin said nearly all the countries in Europe favoured pro- portional representation, which he never liked. but he thought that. the Germans were entitled to work that matter out and not to lmpoae one system or the other. They had to be careful not. to create a system "which led to a one-party system or control.

Continuing, Mr. Bevin said, “a matter I regard with deep concern was the failure to roach agreement. on a Four Power Treaty. At. the end of the 1914-18 war the U. S. A. virilhdxew from Europe, and in Paris when M1". Byrncs rrvealcd the willingness of flir- U. S. A for 25 years and later- for 40 or 50 years to enter- into an agreement with the rest. of ua for the demllitarisation and disarmament or Germany, I bcgan to gel. visions of peace for centuries in Europa. To us. to France and all the Wcstorn power this vies s, vital and important rle clslon.

Uri-fortunately the Soviet Delega lot-i was not willing to accept th American proposal unless were added lo it. n number o mailers. not directly related, upo which we had been unable to ogre at the Conference itself. The U. . A. Delegation merely felt that th. inclusion of these matters WOlll make it impossible to reach agrr - men! on any treaty at all. I hop. and trust: that crn reflection all us will be able tio strive to crest an atmosphere so that a beginnin could be made with a treaty o this character. If we do not 8H5 it. now. the chance may never come ngairf. Fortunately Secretary of Slate Marshall made it clear that. the offer was not withdrawn."

Turning to the Ruhr, Mr. Bevin said thi- claim had been nut for- ward lizal. the Ruhr should be put under Four Power control. but he regarded this as untenable so long a5 there was no genuine economic unity in Germany. Britain could not accept the view that the Ruhr should ‘ot- singlerl out for control control. M:. Bevin said "it would be wrong for us to agree to put. the Ruhr under this control nt n time when other part5 are lf€&‘(’d as a closrrl preserve."

"We are unfortunately unable to agree on nnoiha: VEfv important matter. The principle pOin‘. of rlis- agreement. was the qurstinn nf tha method of participation of the Allied Slates ln the preparation of the Pence ‘Pi-caiy." l-le said there was a strong feeling among ilie countries who llBd poured out troops and money in thr- great struggle lo wake part. in reshaping the world. He had been anxious to secure the moat liberal rlxhts of participation. and he attached ltreat importance to the Dominion Governments ob- taining the right to the recognition qt their contribution to victory.

On territorial claims iuralnat Germany. Mr. Bevin said that tin- fortunatmiy the Soviet Delegation claimed that the new Polish-Ger- man frontier had been set up at Potsdam rind should tltereforr be excluded from examination. "We were asked to accent a provisional frantic: as flnril. thaush li was agreed at Yalln and confirmed at Potsdam that tho final delimitation of the western frmillor of Poland should await. the final Penu- Treaty. It thin operated the ‘other way and We mrde claims, it would not have been tolerated by our friend! for a moment." M: Bevin continued that Britain had an open mind on the mutter. but alto accepted the view that Poland must be carn- pettseted" for what was taken awn! by Russia in the Bast. l-ler populate’ lostiedaroppeafromlbtoflnill-