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“The strongest memory is weaker than

the weakest ink"

PAGE ii WEDNESDAY snp'r..' 26. 1962.

Explanations In Order Prime Minister Diefenbaker’s at- titude toward Britain’s application to join the European Common Mar- ket has, according to Conservative spokesmen, been misrepresented 'n press reports of the Commonwealth conference proceedings. In that case we may expect that the matter will be clarified by Mr. Diefenbak- er at the coming session of Parlia- ment. At the same time, we should like to see some clarification of the attitude of the New Democratic Party on the same issue. ‘ We gather from the statements of the NDP leader,’ Mr. Douglas, that he favors British participation in the Common Market and sees great advantages in the prospects this will open up for the Common- ' wealth and the free world at large. But his party representative at the ,Commonwealth conference, Mr. David Lewis, MP for York South, has been sounding a different note. While the big London conference was in session a “shadow confer- ence” was conducted by the British Labor Party leader, Mr. Gaitskell. This conference was attended oy Socialist leaders from a number of Commonwealth countries, and a. communique was issued, sharply criticising as inadequate the pro- visional agreements made between "the British government and the European Six at Brussels for the protection of Commonwealth trade. This document was signed by those in attendance, including Mr. Lewis, and it appeared to be fully in line

with Mr. Diefen'oaker’s reported op- _

position to the ’terms.

Subsequentlv Mr. Lewis explained that he wasn't supporting Mr. Dief- enbaker at all. The latter, he said, had “no right to whimper” about Canadian interests being imperilied in the long run by Britain's entry. What he. Mr. Lewis, was worried about was the effect on the Com- monwealth as a whole. He noted that associate status in the Common Mar- ‘k'et was being offered to African and West Indian countries but not to Asian countries.

This is»a very disinterested view for a Canadian parliamentarian to take, but it leaves the NDP delegate in a somewhat anomalous position.

_It quite clearly gives the impression -that while doing his best to help the ‘British Labor leader out, he was anxious to remain free to criticise the Canadian Conservative leader for taking the same stand as Mr.

* Gaitskell. It was evidently a case of

trying tp ride two horses at once. Among the interesting things we are looking forward to when Parlia- ment meets is Mr. Diefenbaker’s .comment on Mr. Lewis’ agile per- formance on this issue, and how it

it ,'jibes with Mr. Douglas’ forthright

5‘-stand on the same subject.

University Problems One of the troubles of education today is that it “reels under the -solitioua concern of a host of'well- ,wishers and advisers.” This is the

, , 'view expressed by Dr. Claude" Bis-

laell, president 01 the University of

4 it i;'l§l'onto and of the National Confer-

Canatlian Universities and

‘ 3! Colleges; in a recent address at Vic-

, . Itorb. B.C. ‘ . Under‘ oudb conditions, Dr. ; . ll niaintoina, “the half-truth ‘ ~ _ ea, sustained y rhetoric and dimflflon The moat

.-in

CObot—I4Ml!o who is 35. best veteran

r’

pended indefinitely by administra- tive action.” ‘ . -

v'Thia he terms the doctrine of the university as supermarket or the intellectual world; “all that we - need to do when the demand arises is to expand the existing premises, stay open on Friday nights, and in- crease and diversify our lines." The truth is that every real university, whether it was established two years 4 ago or two thousand years ago, is ‘/ subtle and complex institution- in many ways. the highest embodi- ment of modern civilization.

This assumption, says Dr. Bissell, rests on a delicate balance between teaching, research, and public illumination. If one of these ele- ments is absent, there is a serious inadequacy and a progressive weak- ening of the other two elements.

Dr. Bissell speaks with authority on this subject. Doubtless he would be the first to admit, however, that the universities, for better or worse, must accept as part of their role the training of people in mechanical skills and techniques, the producing of embryo business executives and the preparing of young people with enough general culture to enable them to acquire what are some- times known as the social graces.

They must also become reconcil- ed, we are afraid, to the fact that, for an increasing number, educa- tion will be equated not with know- ledge or wisdom but with the pos- sibilities of a higher income. These conditions are being imposed on them by the public that pays the piper: and, to some extent a-t'least, the universities must dance to the piper’s tune.

A Cuban Blockade?

_ The urge to “do something" about Cuba is growing in the United States, reports James Reston, noted columnist for the New York Times. As Soviet arms and men pile up in that island even those who reject invasion find it intolerable to do nothing. Accordingly, there is now considerable talk about blockading Cuba as a third course.

This, says Mr. Reston, is usually discussed at political rallies “as if a blockadewere a kind of military America’s Cup race in which we could strangle Castro without too much risk, and it usually wows the citizenry because it seems a cheap way to relieve their frustrations." To be valid, however, 3. blockade must be effective and must be con- tinuously maintained and impartial- ly enforced against all vessels— allied and neutral, as well as Com- munist. Mr. Reston continues:

“Or take the problem the other way round. The United States has many more missile bases in Turkey on the southern frontier of the Sov- iet Union than the Russians have in Cuba. If we blockade Cuba, what is to prevent the Russians from block- ading the Black Sea and halting our arms en route to Turkey? And in such an event, would we recognize their blockade or shoot our way through?”

Merely to make speeches about blockades, as if it were a kind of bargain-basement solution, suggests to The Times columnistthat there should be :1 blockade on nonsense. A ‘blockade is intended to make the enemy surrender even if it is mere- ly a commercial or pacific blockade. ..If it does not do this, it fails to ful- fill its purpose; if it does, it is an act of war. Politicians who urge such a course should be prepared to say I that they are ready for war. That, at least, would be a clear policy.

EDITORIAL NOTES

-The New Brunswick education department is launching a scheme which will be watched with interest in other provinces. It is B\ textbooli rental plan, to go into effect for the 1963-64 school year. Thenstudents in Grades 9 to 12 inclusive will be able to rent their books for a nominal stint- , I I I

The US. congressional elections

will see a bbttle of dynasties in Massachusetts-.-the K e n n etd y s ' against the Lodges. Edward Ken- nedy, who 15.30, won an astonishing 2 to 1 victory over his Democratic opponent,’ Edward Mccoi-mack, for ' ‘. nomination. George

‘Congressman Laurence Curtis‘ for tzlter ‘Republican nomination. The will compete for the seat ,s¢ts;ia-its by Present Ken-

nifi!;‘Ted’§ Henry

‘ I -3 “

'6

L ELEMENTARY, MY DEAR WATSON

FREE WORLD STABILITY

Ken necly’s Tremendous Trade Legislation -

William B. Stringer In The Christian Science Monitor

In the long corridor of his- tory, Congress's approval of the trade-expansion bill of 1962 will surely loom as providing a vi- rial building block for the grand design of the Atlantic commun- ity and for the political and ec- onomic stability of the free

world. . Surely the passage of the trade measure helps Britain‘: bid to enter the European Com- mon Market. And it encourages Norway, Austria. and the other “outsiders” of Europe, and beyond Europe, to see the Un- ited States arming itself with power to negotiate tariffs down- ward, for this can mean a more general barrier lowering.

The danger that the Common.

Market would become a narrow customs union, spawning com- petitive inward-looking customs unions on other continents, is lessened. MOVING AHEAD

Beyond the economics of the Common Market, Washing- ton’s effort to improve the gen-

eral cohesiveness of the Atlan- tib communnity is moving ahead in other ways, trast‘to the tentative effort by the de Gaulle-Adenauer person- al axis to narrow the concept. Roswell L. Gilpatric. Deputy Se- cretary of Defense is just back from Europe where he discuss- ed NATO defense policy. The White House’s able McGeorge Bundy has embarke on a Western European s u r v e y which will include nuclear talks with the French.

The word is being passed out in Washington that the United States is more favarably inclin- ed now to the concept of ‘ European nuclear deterrent, though President Kennedy's first choice is still total allied reliance on the American nu- clear shield. It is even declared possible that the United States might agree to a limited shar- ing of nuclear know-how, with Erance — by assuming that because of its own nuclear pro- gress France is more eligible

Letter By Tin Can

New York I-Ierald . Tribune

We were a bit startled the other day. while flipping through The Times of London to see a headline which read: “Letter by Tin Can to The Tim- es’." We knew The Times had a wide following. but hadn’t sup- posed that its readership includ- ed tin cans.

It turned out, however, that the tin can referred to was not the writter of the letter, but its means of delivery. In the words of The Times: ‘

“A letter addressed to The Times which was launched in a tin can from St. Kilda. at 10:15 a.m. on June 30 by our Special. Correspondent then on land was delivered to Printing House Square yesterday. After it had crossed some 50 miles of the Atlantic to the Outer Heb- rides it was picked up on a shingle bank on the Scalpaig shore at 1090 am. on July 7 by Mr. William Macdonald,: of Scalpaig Farm, Tigharry. Loch-

maddy, North Uist, to whom a letter of thanks and a reward have been sent."

Ah, what a newspaper man's dream! We could picture our- selves on a sand-damp beach, barefoot, writing dispatches on the day's events, sealing them in bottles and tossing them into

e sea, addressed to “Herald Tribune, New York. USA"

What need of clacking tele- type printers. of frantic cabl- ing. of buzzing telephones, in a world where Special Corres- pondents can file by tin c a 1: mail What need even of Tel- star in a leisurely world 0 wind and iea, peopled by such helpful sols as Mr. William Macdonald, of Scalpig F a r m. Tigharry, Lochmaddy. North Uist If this space is blank for a few days, you, dear reader. will know wh. It's vacation and we're on our way to St. Ki]-

9.

a. After all. who says a good newspaper has to be hurried

‘ A Liberal

Left Turn

_v Rod Currie Canadian Press Staff Writer

'Britaln‘s roiuvenated Liberal party. which ‘Ms just wound up

its biggest and most enthusias- , would get back in . 30 .

tie a n n u a l convention in

years. has taken a sharp turn to the left tr ‘ts hunt for mom national appeal.

It is obvious that the opposi- tlou Labor party is to be its main target and the growing political implications of the Common Market issue may give the Liberals a .

Meeting in Llanduduo, Wales. the 1,500 party delegates act a rip - roaring pace as they gave their blessing to a number of extremist measures 1 u even the Labor party would eu- tertain. ~

These, and the heat‘ of party leader Jo Grtmond'a attack on »*Labor Leader Hugh _,Gaitabe1l, gave credence to the feeling servers that the Lib-

erals expect to use the Labor

party In I stepptnz

their to make Liberal- iam the on radical, non-eocleb fst I'D U the left in Britain. 3 Y VOTES

won Orpington byelection and made good showings in subse- quent votes. The party now has seven members in the House of us.

But its gains so far have been mainly at the expense of the ruling Conservatives about two of every three new Liberal votes iavtng formerly gone to the Tar-

s

Observers predict mu-Iway Tory mm although a

that the"

they enjoy the byelectlon game of defeating the party in power, line if the chips were down in a general election. And "the new left-wing

Conservatives. With the two parblre an- nual conventions scheduled for ex:

_ their ranks quar- reiling over the issue.

Prime Minister Macmillan, tacins his party in conference in Wales. will have the task of pacifying rebel with the European community.

For Gaitakell the problem is

out the Labor Common Mar- ket committee, made up of some as socialist MP9. baa.aaid it wants the con.

w _ undermine Gaitsbeira for a leneral election on

now for sharing, under the terms of the McMahon Act.

Whether these t a l k s and these hints will render president de Gaulle more amenable Britain's bid to join the Com- mon Market is undertermined. French officials admire the ab- ilities of Charles F. Bohlen. the new United States Ambassador to France. In the final test. with the rest of Western Europe wanting Britain in, it is not be- lieved that Le Grand Charles (President de Gaullei would ex- ercise a personal v o. LABORS AND HAZARDS

There are, of course, tremen- dous labors and many hazards ahead. President Kennedy must utilize any new tariff-cutting powers with great skill. No one sees a ready solution to the problem of finding markets for all temperate-zone agricultural surpluses, now estem Europe is applying to its farms the same methods and fertiliz- ers that produce the American glut

Britain's prospect for enter- ing the European community could be dashed at home. if, for instance, more by-election re- verses were to take the will to fight out of the Conservative party leadership. or if a major recession should grip the West.

No one but the current Prime Minister. Harold Macmillan, could presently negotiate Bri- tain into the Common Market." A long delay could result from a backing up and starting over again with another leader. Fortunately for Mr. Macmillan. the Commmonwealth conference at London did not roll the wa- ters sufficiently to deflect his purpose.

What is happening is that on several fronts now the architects and engineers who would build the Atlantic com- munity. open doored to the free world, see signs that the ef- fort which began long ago with the Marshall Plan is gathering a substantial momentum now.

PUBLIC FORUM

This column to o to the dlacuaalne by correspondents of questions of tu- te The Guardian does not oeaaa

necessary. The ua tan a uuabl enter Into any correspondence regard- ing latter: submitted. ' ACCIDENT REPORT

Strs,—Re your -news item in The Guardian of Sept_ 25, “Ped- estrian injured as cars collide" I wish to inform you, through you the public, ct that my

veraity, or making any other turn. be Godfrey car did not home

atructlona from y‘ phyalc that such detention. be, made diaervetiou or any other pur- pose.

Your reporter-‘e idea seems to have been a story at any cost- true or take. A rather

' nniiI"i'.'pmba1a.A°‘c' cum xmsmoimll , ' cm report of uuieoutuon is

was

waived in the .in police

‘ forced more strictly

fol"

Tension Sfutteri ng ’,Cou"‘s_e

r 1

velopment. This ,1: betw and four years of age. when the speech mechanism from perfect and the tyke is going through the change from infan- cy to pre-school childhood. Toilet training is being on- . destruc- tive and aggressive tendencies are being discouraged. and the child is subjected‘ to various social pressures to become a responsible member of the fam-

plete if’ we \ parents who are perfectionist:

so far as language is concern- . ed '

This period of life, so far as I know, has no name. But it must be difficult. The map t is graduating from double ta . Few say ma: it is ma-ma. da- da. bow-wow, and moo-moo. It is common practice to repeat words. There is nothing wrong with the speech mechanism ex- cept‘that it cannot keep p ace with the intellectual and emo- tional development.

Some boys and girls by age four are’ thinking faster than they can talk, especially if their vocabulary and the ability to form sentences is limited. Ma_- ny such children have a family history of a father. mother, or uncle who started to 1k late or was a poor speller on read-

er.

At any rate, it is easy to understand why some of these c htldren stutter, especially when other pressures increase tension. Parents should not be too hasty or show too much concern when words are re- peated. In saying T, for exam- ple, the tongue presses a little too long against the edge of the hard palate so that the sound is delayed.

With more emotional tension, pressure builds up and talking becomes more difficult. Fear aggravates the pattern and from ‘here we go into spasms of the muscles used in speech. A vicious cycle sets in unless the parents calm down until the youngster passes through this

phase.

(Dr. Van Dellen will send a list of books on speech develop- ment, if stamped, self-addres- sed envelope accompanies re- quest.)

B.B. writes Does a groin hernia hurt?

REPLY

Some do but others don't. Many victims of this condition feel twinges of pain when hern- ia develops. Others note an aching sensation in the groin only when strainlng..The most severe pain from hernia occurs when the swelling or protrimion cannot be pushed back (reduc- ed) and strangulation of the in- testine ensues.

' muvn srzn R.P. writes: Are large hands more capable than small

ands REPLY

Not necessarily. unless play basketball. There is great variation in the size and shape of these structures in those who make a living with

you

-5

writing profession as “,s p a c a rates." :' Toronto Telegram.

the waning bell an- nounced that it-wasttme for the Louvre to close for the ef-

aeum guard grumbling loudly to mothers: they shepherded the crowd: out "Every day for

god? ave. —

Dr. W.M.S.' Russell, London: "Even in monkey societies, the mothers selectively encourage

young; an so they pas on the traditional behaviour of the group. Sometimes the mother accepts a new péttern adopted by her more experimental off- spring. A few years ago, a young female monkey on the Japanese island of Kosima adop- ed the practice of washing sweet potatoes before eating ‘them. The new pattern spread first to her maternal family, but within six years it was common to all the monkeys on the island." — Dr. .S. Rus- sell, London.

The U.S. Atomic Energy Com- mission lets the Soviet Union learn in advance. the exact na- ture of the space explorations planned by the United States

r years to come.

The U.S. does so deliberately but why may be difficult fo 1 some people to fathom. when you consider that the Russians w t to beat the Americans to it in any forecast attempt they plan within the vast circle ofthe solar system.

Along came Dr. Glenn T. Sea- borg, head of the U.S. Atomic Energy: Commission, with th e announcement in Vienna, Aus- tria - of all places — that the United States plans to send a manned nuclear space-ship to Mars in the 19705. The USSR undoubtedly has similar plans and will attempt to reach Mars ner, but, as usual lsn’t say-

soc ing a word about it.