iScience Service Laboratory

.... ,.-.

THE GUARDIAN.

CHARLOTTETOWN

NOVEMBER 23. 1953 . .. -.

Fine Provincial Asset ln

It has been demonstrated that the casual organism has several races. differing in their abilities to cause infection. Also, irrespective of vari- etal reaction to club-root. there exists an equal degree of infection within the root hairs; nor is the intensity of infection in the root hairs associated with the extent of clubbing.

Notable Conbribution

One notable contribution made by the Laboratory -to the welfare of agriculture has been study of the 511130" hl'-W595 whlch Wm be com effects of varying thenlproportion of structcd later. ' lime in Bordeaux mixture for pc-

The work on the first E”9nh9”5eitato spraying. This study was be- has not 3'" 90mm'nc5d- It Wm be gun during the period when Bor- rarried 0119 by "10 mm 01 L0” deaux mixture was being clialleng- ami Bllfnhim (mm at C3"h”me,5' ed by factory-prepared but more Ontario. W110 ”9,5P9Cl3”5i5 l" this expensive fungicides. It resulted in type of construction. the introduction of low-lime Bor-

The following information with de”-"xi 5 fpmy mi” hiils bee" Zttlgigy WEN-id to we work olisme Scie?cel:S0Vl')ll,1ggllcI)t:vaesrsOl?38:lEd:l1:npPrlnCe Service Laboratory repr n ed ' 1 th, 1 t i iroin an article in the Agricultural Edwald Islimd 3 mm '5 m X ”"-i institute Review, which has recent. because of its effectiveness and

v i - n - llow cost, has saved the industry ly beennlisifilile:i::n::g::Ctin::a.:ii:ii:lllirlily thousands of dollars annual-

The foundation for the header house at the Science service Lab- oratory, Charlottetown, being con- structed by M. P. Schurman and Co., has now being completed and wmkmen are preparing for the pouring of a five inch concrete slab which will be the main floor" of the building. A tunnel connecting the building with the Science Lab- oratory has been built. This will serve as an entrance from one building and at the same time will any the ateam'pipes which will heat the header house and the two

iorni. r . l-' d al Dc artment of lyi , i;lgi,ilCl:;iini.e? er p i This Laboratory took a leading

art in investigating and promot- ln il9E'inw3ie:ilnnth1:i.i:i:d Elmixiiing potato vine killers. The labora- mdus fin" de iined in niny n inn- tory and field investigations into m.".ldi wn ilnsii beginning in ini, this aspect of control of tuber rot 'f” ':”C'in: Cninnn Den,,i.ini.ni from late blight hiiye given the ml"ilnriYi'cniini.n nniiii ii smnii i',;,i,i izroners R supplementary means of "Ibo 3i X - on the Exnei-inieniaili'educing losses from this disease. lsntatiroinoayt Charlottetown for plant 1” hi” bl”-ll mmd ml” Vcruclh A He "lawn Ln”, in ncogni. lium wilt of potatoes can be con- lse i inn nufumy for nn me,-. trolled by treating the tubers with "ml 0 ii K n on insect nmbiiims an appropriate fungicide. The re- gmcdn 3,”-cniiilne wan iui-iiie, servl suits of these investigations have Easy lllgeladdltion of is field croplconfirmed the desirability of seed . . and vegetable insect laboratory in ”9”"'f9""- I i . i937. It was natural that the main 5101389 Tots. always o grea con emphasis on disease and insect re- cern to the potato industry. have mimh came in M dim-'i,,d i,ow,,,,i, necessitated extensive investigat- iiie potato crop, and as the mags. ions. The problem is being attacked ii. grew no did inc inbomimy and in the field as wll as in the lab- ”! Wivices. - oratory. and controlled low-tempcra- Then. in January. 1951, me lure chambers permit a study of siwcin imniiy dun-oyii-in the 91-1. the behaviour of these andl cztheir ginal laboratory building which ntorlse disorder! Under I V” 9 Y 0 had been enlarged into an gtt,xac- environmental conditions. tive structure. well equipped for lined coniimi varioiis aspects of entomologicai and plant pathological research. and accommodating also the staff required for seed potato inspec- tion. Lnst. too. were the entire contents of the laboratory. Plans were quickly made for a replace- ment. and a year later the new Science Service Laboratory was ready for occupancy. A far cry from the original 23 by 25-foot field laboratory, the new building is a two-storey-and-baserunt structure. 55 by 105 feet. of reinforced con- crete construction with red brick facing. and equipped with the lat- est in laboratory apparatus anl temperature-control facilities. From this research centre. Science Ser- vice workers will continue the bat- tle against plant disease and in- sect problems of the province while the Seed Potato Certification inspectors will make the new lab- irstory their headquarters too.

The research program on the biology and control of insects af- fecting agricultural production is carried out by the Field Crop In- sect section of the Laboratory. The major projects deal with the in- sects affecting potatoes and tur- nips, leading cash crops in Prince Edward Island. However, pests of other crops are studied whenever necessary. Studies of life history and preliminary experiments with chemical control measures not conducted in the laboratory andl greenhouse during the wlnteri months. These are augmented by field studies conducted during the summer on the plots at Upton and in farmers' fields throughout the Province.

The most important insect pests of the potato are the Colorado po- tato beetle. potato leafhopper and potato aphids. Satisfactory controls for these insects have been develop- ed in the Laboratory and adopted

nogearcli Program

by the growers. New insecticides Research on plant diseases i0UCh- nive constantly being introduced. as all the imD0I'iM'li5 Emil! KFOWH This necessitates continuous in-

on the Island. Projects include studies on such minor-element de- ficiencies as brown heart in tur- nip, caused by lack of boron; magnesium deficiency of potato; and the,wl'iiptail disease of cauli- flower, caused by lack of moly- bdenum. other studies relate to club root of orucifers, fungicides. the use of potato vine killers, and such potato disorders as blackleg. late blight. and the several wills and rots that attack this crop. Because approximately so per cent of Canada's exported seed potatoes are woduced in Prince Edward Island, and because of the high quality of Island table pota- toes, the potato is the leading cash crop and its diseases have received the most attention. Some problems have been solved. others are under long-term investigation. and new ones are constantly arising. At the same time the diseases affecting other crops are not neglected. The island is an important exporter of turnips, ranking second only to Ontario in this respect. Also there is a trend towards heavier produc- tion of horticultural crops such as lieans. tomatoes, peas, cucumbers, strawberries and other small fruits, all of which are subject to destruc- cunthers and beans. Extensive NW-i diseases. iicrcages of these crops are being Significant information has been i grown commercially and losses have obtained on club-root of crucifers.lrun as high as 100 per cent. Experi- i

vestigation in order to determine the most effective and conomical control methods.

Three species of root maggots attack turnips and cause serious losses each year. They also attack related crops such as caggabe.- cauliflower and radish. Up to the present, no economical chemical method of controlling these mag- gots has been worked out. In- tensive field history surveys have indicated that some cultural fac- tor. at present undetermined. may affect the abundance of maggots and the severity of damage they cause.

Grain crops too have their insect enemies. In recent years. barley. which is grown with cats as a mix- ed feed, has been attacked by the barley jolntworm. This insect is causing serious losses, in some in- stances so severe as to practically destroy the crop. Investigations begun in 1951 have been largely confined to the study of the life history and habits of the joint- worm to provide a basis for a sound control program.

The seed corn maggot which at- tacks ll wide variety of plants has been causing serious losses to cu-

Tiie Neighbors

By George Clark

E.-it'll

this dictation I took with his mouth full."

cal linden treatment

tremendous

increase

d lunch at his desk today. Now I have to guess at

-................... r

ments have shown that the chemi-

used as seed or soil vesexcelle itresults. In- dications are that this insecticide will provide an economical and ef- fective control.

Seed Potato Certification

Seed Potato certification in Prince Edward Island had its "ori- gin in 1916 when a few strains of Irish Cobblers and Green Moun- tains growing on the Island were found to be practically free of disease. Samples of these lots were sent to Long Island and New Jer- sey for testing and produced 'out- standing results there. gan the production of seed pota- toes in Prince Edward Island, an industry that has since made a contribution to economy of the Province.

The years 1920 to'l9-i8 showed an in production from

per cent of which

Thus be-

the

qualified

grown, the principal ones being Bebago. Irish Cobbler. Green Moun- tain and Katahdin in that order. The average screage' per grower is about six acres.

Eye-Indexing Program

The annual eye-indexing program

was inaugurated following the ' erection of the greenhouse in 1943. iciligf lgnvgnpemlizme coililigfiy hl::; Forty lots of approximately 300 won ice

tubers each are indexed each year.i Thet growers who have taken ad-' an age of this service have achlev-l gt! very gratifying results. and Paul oanam have Chlefiy due to the efforts of the seed potato inspectors. many grow- ers on the Island plant at least a portion of their crops in tuber units. This and other recommended prac-i tices observed by most growers are in no small-way responsible for the success of the though soil and climate are idnal, 8ll6ifor the production of diseas acres in 1920 to an all-time high sinorith-skimied potatoes of of 38,743 acres in 1948. Tliroiigh-lquality. out the period Prince Edward Is-i land growers planted more than 50latory in the "Garden of the Gulf" per cent of the total acreage ofiis another ma'or ste in the de- seed potatoes grown in Canada. alvclopment of Jsciencep Service. Its'9' Vlsn in MM” md M”"""l' record that is still being maintaiii- primary function is to as ed. In i952 the growers here enter-,locai ed 23,109 acres for inspection, lllitlrelr disease and insect problcms,l for but the pffet-ts of its scientific iii- felt far beyond the boundaries of certification. Fifteen varieties uern. vnsriuatioiis willnas in the past, be the region that it serves

industry. al-

high

The erection of the new labor-l

CANADIAN

e-free, BM.

gist iheiThe'y were accompanied by Mr. and agricultural producers witlii

lluvar And Vicinity

-Miss Mary Richard left re- cently for Montreal after spending several weeks at the home of her father. Mr. Frank Richard.

Raymond-Doimn is a pa-

and Mrs. Theodore Gallant returned home after spending tiwo weeks in Boston, Mass.

v Mr.

Mr. Terrence Gallant recently motored to Summerside to attend to Joint meeting of the St. Thomas Aquinas Society and the Assam)- tion Society. ,

Felix l3esR.oches, Egmont i ., was a recent visitor of Mr. and Mrs. Octave Pineau.

Mr.

'Mr. and Mrs. Dorice Gaiiaiit and

idaughter, Carmel, left recently for

i PAGE THIRTT ' M.ip.1'b.lixAraenauJl.asfaruw1llbeattfiebosneofMrsRob- i mimrord and by Mlr.Prank L. Ar- :1 Palm . Ool ' 0" "W 13. '17" dd" in t "Wilt as far as some John. E " mm" W" '4'” ithed school were quite lnte1- l

in win pi, i: , i n oing some sewing and at? , ' Messrs. Dorice Doiron. wimrod haldetheirallvyilff-snrborlfridetting As no parts of a layette to the :i Pinem I190 Min Marv Damn. the home of Mrs Harold Phiiliis, ”'"l't i were recent visitors in Summer- .-,nT'ri-iui-sday evnning Nov :2 m-- l 5ld9' Thirteen members were in" at. ST. PETEWS BAY W. I. cm- tendance. It was decided to hold

Mix Helen Pineau is employed at the home of Paul Arsenault, Bloomfield Station.

The school inspector, Mr. Frank Doiron was recently v-L-riting Duvar school.

-CJ.

. Freeland and O Vicinity Mrs. Russell Key left on Nov. 12, to visit for a few Weeks with her

two daurrliters and their families in Ontario. -

-The Women's Auxiliary of St. Peters Ghuroh met at the home of lvitrs. Swrllng Palmer on Nov. 13 ii with seven members and several 8. visitors present. Further plans were made for the pantry sale to

be held'dur-inc the first woe): of .1 December. 'I'lle annual meeting w

ization in June. dy invited the

B00ll .

MacLean has been obliged to en- tarr the Prince but Dleasiniz to know that her con- dition is much improved.

P. E. Island Hospital on Nov. for an operation. and operation of this rlatlirr and

The annual meeting of 8t.j Pr Mrs. James Hm-. er's Bay W. I. was held on Nov ii , nwmbers to her at the home of Mrs. (Dr) Burden. home for the next meeting. with an attendance of eleven members.

the annual meeting of this Organ.

I-ler many friends are happy to

71 Wlshinlz her complete recovery p3-”m""- Oi 3995-

Diiriiiq the year there wen L: mu-tiiizs with an ziverrigr attem- .aii(-n of 11 members. All hills we Daid and it nice balance left iw start. the new year. Roll call December mr-cting an exchange ' Christmas gifts. ,

lciectioii oi nfficr-rs for the yvu resulted as follows: Pi-osidciil,hl- I6 iiildflllll VIM:ir:C:illi.lm: VCS-i)1'C5l(1E:

, iss . or on Maclsva :. sei::.'-troa This is the sc-c- nN,i.' Mrs. Masie Macmms I” clectedi, auditors, Miss Jean Mg,-.

erman fri d. - - speedyyrect:ler:vill'lh M13-Baflikiibnnald ire-elected), Mrs. Pram;

It is regretted that Mrs James

County Hospital,

M114. Ruskin Banks i-ntornri vi...

Jay.

. Vie:-tin: adiourneri M i . i , i , . V Y i l i . . "ml: xf3”CrEfsl'l;l”5-I9 dllffitt-iniia (l("ll('.lOliS lunch was ith cm 1 . iar a nice risltithe imslr-5.x assisted by

.. pupi s of Freeland School MRFInni3'

after 'X'l1l(ll. served by Mrs. Jun.

5 WITH

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Meeting opened by members i'r'- ' to have Mrs. (mm-193 Kain”. name citing Creed in unison, followed iv after hpr hogptguzatjon and inin roll call which was answered by