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- where No! 4 provincial highway crosses

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.THE GUARDIAN

'uo...uru every weekday morning at DI Him in-eel. Char Ioueiown. P.l:.I.. by The 'nwmaodUCompuu Limited "Donn frtuo IIIIII ulna uh the Dow" Editor. Frau Walker General Mananr. Ian A. Burnett

II-lntfl ulliru at summers-dc. Montague and Alberuiu. Auun. inn 1: Second Clan Mail by the Pan Omen Department. Ottawa.

Ir Lunar: C-mlntletnwn. summenuu used per Innum Elsewhere in PE.l. 39.00 other Province: and U.S sm- per annum

---rife strange-; memo , In weaker than the weakest Ink."

JMONDAY. JUNE 1.1. 1955

Aclenauer's Preclicament No one who has been folloiving the news in recent weeks will be surprised to learn that Chancellor Adenauer of West Germany has been invited to Moscow to talk things over with Soviet Governnient officials. It fits in well with the new Sov- let foreign policy-if, indeed, it is new and not just the old one in slightly dif- ferent garb. Nor is it surpi'ising that the Chancellor has tentatively accepted the in- vitation. He could not very well turn it down wihout giving offence to the Rus- sians and thus add more tension to a lltuation that already is quite difficult enough. Moreover, t h e consultations which Herr Adenauer has been having with his Western allies on the subject are not much more than exchanges of cour- tesy. West Germany is now a sovereign state. Its executive head is free to come and go as he likes, just as President Eisen- hower is, or Sir Anthony Eden, or Mr. St. Laurent. Naturally. the other Western leaders are interested in what is likely to be said or done when the German Chancellor sits down with his Soviet hosts. especially in view of West Germany's membership in Nato, which makes common action among the Western powena in matters concom- ing over-all policy of great practical benefit. From reports that are coming out of Western capitals, there appears to be no fear that Herr Adenauer will par- take too eagerly of any blandishment that may happen to be on the political menu at the Soviet table. At the same time, it must be recognized that re-unification of their country in the one great hope of all Germans, reguirdless of the zone in which they happen to be living for the time being mid of the political ideology they happen to prefer. The Russians can be expected to play on this nationalistic sentiment with every means at their disposal, and to eouploit it for all It is worth to their own. otrategic advantage.

Controlling The Assinlbolne

It mould help us to appreciate our own lllessingsi-n this part of Canada when we road that upwards of 150,000 acres of farm land in the Assiniboine Valley in Manitoba have been flooded this spring. The loss to the people of the province will run into millions of dollars. But this is not the first time the valley farmers have been wash- od out, nor will It be the last unless an ef- llective method of controlling the river is

. put into effect soon.

According to the Winnipeg Free Press, there has been talk of controlling the As- riniboine since the valley was first settled. The first flood control survey, well before the turn of the century, resulted in cutoffs and dikes being built along the river west of Winnipeg. But dikes alone cannot al- ways prevent floods, as the experience of this and other years has shown. In 1950. when the Red River flooded a large part of Winnipeg, the Assiniboine fortunately did not flood, thereby lessening the potential damage to the city. However, as a result of the Red River flood, the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration was asked to make a complete investigation of the Assiniboine, to prepare a report and make recommendations for remedial measures necessary for adequate flood control.

The PFRA made its report in 1933. It found that the most feasible plan for re- ducing flood hazards along the river, and also for promoting low water control in dry years, was a combination of a reser- voir on the river near Russell, coupled with a canal originating ncar Portage which would divert the flood waters into Lake Manitoba, 18 miles away. The re- port said that this solulioh had greater merit than any alternative scheme of dik- ing or any project that included diklng along with other measures.

The diversion canal project has not been milch to the fore recentlv: this is un- deistandable in view of the high water levels in Lake Manitoba. But the canal is not lndissolubly linked with the reservair project and last month. representatives of flooded-out property owners in the Asslnl- bolne valley went on record as urging the federal and provincial Govcrnnienls to go ahead with the Russcllreservoir.

This would be located west of the town of Russell, about a mile upstream from

the river. The dam would be 78 feet high,

lone railway line and three roads va ilrl have to be raised or reheated and 5,000 iacres of cultivated land would be covered by the water in the reservoir.

The estimated cost of the Russell reser- lvoir is more than 56,000,000. It would not ,be confined to Manitoba, but would be in- lterprovlncial. stretching into Saskatch-

ewan.

Foreign Aid

While there are A few influential poll-I " I

ticians in the United States who would llike to see a drastic reduction in that na- 1tion's financial assistance to economically weak countries, the indications are that lthey will not have their way, at least for :some considerable time to come. A meas- ure now before Congress, and which is al- lmost certain to be approved, calls for for- eign aid expenditures in the next fiscal year amounting to something more than .ii3l-'3 billion. This is considerably less than in the first years of the Marshall Plan, but almost twice as much as -the amount authorized last year. The biggest change in the programme, however, is the man- ner in which the appropriation will be spent. Hitherto, emphasis was on Europe; this coming year it will be on Asia. The reason for the change is two-fold: (1) Europe is rapidly regaining its pre-war economic strength; (2) the most violent Communist pressure at the moment, in the opinion of State Department officials, is in the Far East.

Committee made this statement: "The basic conditions which these policies are designed to meet are military and econ- omic weaknesses in friendly countries. These conditions are dangerous to the United States not only because they in- vite Comlnunist aggression on the one hand and Communist subversion on the other. but also because chronic poverty in most of the world is a threat to economic growth in the United States." No one, of course, would be naive enough to sug- gest that the United States would have paid out so many billions of dollars since the end of the war to economically back- ward countries lf t-here had been no Com- munlst threat to make the aid programme an instrument of political wisdom as well as a great humanitarian gesture. Never- theless, there is a growing awareness in the United Sfateseas in other countries of the free world-that no country can re- ma-in economically strong while many other countries are in a slate of poverty. iENen without the threat of Communist ag- gression and subversion, there could be no hope of lasting peace so long as two out of three persons in the world are in hunger and want.

EDITORIAL NOTES

O

Among the 331,712,937 in grants for research named by the Ford Foundation in the first quarter of this year is one of Prof. Karl Von Frisch of the University of Munich. Dr. Frisch is to start work on a study to find out how bees know where they're going. He and his associates in- tend to discover how bees correct their flight. for winds, how they decide on where to live and how they determine distance and direction.

Senate representation for Canada's Eskimos and Indians was urged the other day by Hon. Ralph Horner, of Safskatch- lewan. Senator I-lorner. who is a Prozres- sive Conservative, declared before his as- sociates that an Indian or Eskimo should be named to the Senate in view of the vast development taking place in the Canwiian North. He felt that the vicwmint of per- sons really familiar with the far north. lsuch as Indians and Eskimos of that area.

lshould be worthwhile. .

o I 0 I

According to lhc,C:-inadian Prcss, most 5 observers in Ottawa believe that General Simonds was retired as Chief of the Gen- cral Staff because he was not-”politicallv acute." Ills successor, Major General Graham, nearly five years older, is remit- ed to have "political sense" as a resrilt of his law training. and a term as Mayor of Trenton, Ontario. This new qualification for leadership in the armed services opens up an interesting field of speculation.

Apparently, Mr. and Mrs. Harry S. Truman still have to contend with curious visitors. just as they did when they lived in the White House. The other evening they decided to walk acrosis the street from their home in Independence, Mo., to visit a couple of cousins. Such a crowd collected that they could not get back wlthrut a great deal of bother and fuss for which they were not in the mood. So. finding their cousins away, they spent most of the "evening 9n the front porch, waiting for the crowd to disperse. Mr. Truman called the whole thllll "film?!"- muot be a thorn, suitable adjective due:-lb: Inch noun-on: but we can't

3

In recommending passage of the For-. eign Aid Bill, the Senate Foreign Relations.

F4705 .22 54

OF RECFAIT

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lncn.-'.Lsing school enrolment dur- ing the next 10 years may present Canadian taxpayers with a multi- million-dollar financing job.

Canada's first complete and in- dependent survey of school finance recommends, among other things:

Expenditures of S770.000,000 on extra classrooms, an additional Sl25,000,000 annually for t T 5' salaries, and 09,000,000 for extra teacher-education and debt retire- ments on school buildings.

Also suggested are establishment of larger school units, equalized property assessment and a basic foundation program.

TWO YEARS' WORK

The 229-page report. published this spring, is the cumulation of two years of work by Dr. M. E. Lalerte, former head of the Uni- versity of Alberta's education de- partment.

The report runs the statistical gamut of data-collected in all 10 provinces. then concludes by rec- ommending the federal government assist in financing elementary and secondary education by providing sl50,000,000 a year.

Dr. Lazerte suggests one-third of this aid be on a per-pupil basis. The balance would provide grants to provinces with low tax-paying

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ability.

The 525,000 report was prepared by Dr. Lazerle. a leading Cana- dian aulhority on education, for the Canadian School Trustces' Associa- tinn.

it will he studied by Illc associa- tion's next annual meeting at Que- bec City in September and. if ap- proved, likc' ' will be presented to the federal cabinet.

COVER I0 YEARS

The expenditures are calculated to meet the 65-per-cent enrolment increase expected in Canadian schools within 10 years, eliminate 50 per cent of current non-atten- dance, reduce half the overcrowd- ing in classrooms, and raise teach- ing standardsx

Dr, Lalertc worked in his Ed- monton home with the help of a full-time secretary.

For a job which eventually re- quired two trips across Canada CSTA funds were at a minimum.

However. an appeal for volun- tary contributions netted the ncc-' essary 325.000-55 per cent from trustees. 40 per cent from teachers and the rest from industrial and commercial donors.

Immigration trends and birth rates are cxamincrl in detail as the report begins with a Sill” cy of the school pnpillatlon. ELEMENTARY GRADES

l)r. Lalcrle predicts a l5-.u-i”- cent increase in elementary :;'r.iles by 1960-61 and a 70-per-cent boost by 1965-66.

Grade I enrolment. now 417 072 with a 3.000-student boost cxn; ucd next fall, would be nearly 500.000 by 1065. Similarly. Grade 12 en- rolmcnl. would increase to 80.137 from 56,605.

Total enrolment in all grades would increase from Ihc current 2.860.858 to 3.314.531 by I960 and to 3.65l.24fl by 1965

At least 38,000 extra classrooms and teachers will be needed to meet the increase, he concludes. At 1955 dollar values. new bulld- lngs would cost 3750.000,000. Teach- ers' salaries would take 3100.000,- 000 yearly.

Keeping more children in school longer will be another costly im- provement. Dr. Lazerto says 140,- 000 puplls now are leaving school each year between Grades 8 and Il.

only provinces with more than half their children between the ages of 15 and 19 intending dunes in 1951 were British Columbia (8,- 532 of 70.230) and Alberta (375102 of 73.941) This contraltgd sharply war the Northwest Territories. w re only H of the 1.43 children were enrolled.

GREATER IDA!) ,

Only 70 per cent of Canadian children who reach Grade 7 now are being educated In Grades I to ll. If all pupils who reach Grade 7 continued through to Grade ll- junior matrlculatlon, In some prov- inces-the educational load would be I40-per-cent greater.

To eliminate 50 per cent of this non-attendance. Dr. Lulerte says. educational costs would have to be Increased If! m,ooo.uo annually for staff salaries and

The LaZerle Report

By THE CANADIAN PRESS

Canada was 28.9. It ranged from a high of 33.1 in Newfoundland. where 54 per cent of schools are one-room, to a low of ?2.ll in Sas- katchewan, where 79 per cent of the schools are one-room.

In the same year, the teaching load was 25 pupils or more in 64 per cent of all classes, and 35 or more in 29 per cent.

STILL A PROBLEM

Even if a pupil-teacher ratios were reduced to the 3540-1 level in only half the overcrowded class- rooms. 1.000 extra rooms and 1,000 extra teachers would be needed.

The cost: About s2,250.000 annu- ally for teacher salries and an ini- tial lnvestment 520,000,000 in school buildings.

How many of Canada's present- day teachers actually are qualified to teach? '

"In 1952-53," the report says. "there were approximately 5,150 persons without any professional training serving as teachers and nearly 4,000 others whose educa- tion nud training were below the prescribed minimum of their re- spective provinces."

WITHOUT TRAINING

In the same year. 24 per cent of the 7,233 persons who joined teach- ing staffs in eight provinces-Om lario and Quebec excluded-cmne "directly from secondary schools without having had any profes- sional training." '

Dr. Lalcrte advocates:

"The practice should be selec- tion followed by training' rather Ihan lrccruitmenl followed by cer- tification."'

Later. he adds:

"When there is an actual teacher shortage, districts short of leach- ers press departments of educa- tion to authorize the services of the unqualified.

"As a result, standards are low- ered. In such crises temporary ll- cences might be issued but they should remain permits only and not certificates."

In Newfoundland. 37 per cent of the 2,666 teachers in 1952-53 were not fully qualified. In British Cul- umbla, on the other hand. it was only one per cent of 7,005 teachers. BETTER IN WEST

Grnerally, average years of teachcrs' schooling increases as the survey moves from east to west. The Newfoundland average is 12.1, compared with British Col- umbia's 15.5, the Canadian peak.

"The cost of ' ' fine the recommended program cannot be accurately determined," says Dr. Lazerte. "One may that if teachers in training spend more time and money qualifying for cer- tification, they will '4 ” higher

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THE SONS OF MARTHA

The sons of Mary seldom bother. for they have inherited that good part;

But the sons of Martha favor their Mother of the careful soul and the troubled heart.

And because she lost her temper once, and because she was rude to the Lord her Guest,

Her sons must wait upon Maryls sons, world without end. re- prieve or rest.

They do not preach that their God will rouse them a little be- fore the nuts work loose;

They do not teach that His pit allows them to leave the

g Job whenever they choose.

As in the thronged and the lighted ways, so in the dark and des- ert they stand.

Wary and watchful all their days that their brethren's days may be long in the land.

And the sons of Mary smile and are blessed e they know the angels are on their side.

They know in them is the grace confessed. and for them are the Mercies multplied.

They SII. at the feet-they hear the Word-ethey see how- truly the promise runs.

They have cast their burden upon the Lord. and-the Lord I-Ie lays it on Martha's sons!

-Rudyard Kipling.

-t..3u.. WANT TO BE FRIENDS

TORQNTO (CI?) - Dmm-1 s, Chwahln. Russian ambassador to Canada, says the Russian people are sick of the cold war and want to be friends with the West. He made the remark during an infor- mal press conference in Toronto Friday.

V.ecl.ically Speaking

Herman N. luadeaea. bu).

BABY'S FIRST FEAT I8 LEARNING T0 SMILE I

when will my baby walk? When will be talk? When will be do this? when will he do that? -

These questions. naturally. be- set any new parent. but no doctor is able to predict the answers. Every baby is an Individual. so there, Isn't much uu comparln. him to other children.

There are general use brackets, however. which indicate at what time a baby might be expected to do certain things. But what ll probably more Important than when he will do them is the le- quenco in which he will perform various acts.

Fin! Sig:

Generally. the first sign that a baby has gained some control over lils muscles in when he lift: llll chin while lying on his stomach. Sometimes this is accomplished within a few days after his birth. Next comes his first real smile. usually sometime: between the age of three weeks and two months. He will probably smile upon hear- ing someoue's voice.

Between one and a half to two months he will begin gurgling and cooing and ma" other sounds. Along about the same time be will begin turning his head at the

two months he will be strong enough to lift his chest when lying on his stomach. His curiosity is becoming strong now.

Sometime between two and four montlis he will be able to hold hil head up when you pull him into I sitting position. He will begin laughing out loud around the age of four months.

Between four and six months your tat should start reaching and gtabblng for object: such as rat- tles and other toys. He will be able to roll all the way over be- tween flve and seven months. First, he will roll from his stom- ach to his back. It is a little more difficult for him to roll from his back to his stomach, but be will do that, too.

A really big Jfahment comes along about the age of six to eight months, when your baby will be able to sit up alone. By this time his back is strong enough to support him. In another month or so-between seven and nine months - he'll begin crawling. Around nine or ten months he'll pull himself into a standing posi- tion and in a very short time he'll start to walk.

While some babies can walk alone at the age of one year. most don't walk by themselves until they are about 14 or 15 months or even older. He'll probably begin talking a little about this time, too, although some babies talk long before they walk.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

F. 5.: What are the symptoms of a brain tumor?

Answer: Symptoms of brain lumor depend upon the size and location of the tumor within the brain. Most symptoms of brain tumors consist of headaches, diu- turbance of the various sensa-

I

NOTESTABY l"lltvvunlromuwthpolI-

clilldhooda were so poor-but-honest am they had to cut the drain with band mowers. - Hamilton spectator.

A neat lull C thh continent in a feulhlo system for financing the rehabilitation of obsolete ur- ban areas. Every large city has run-down. slum area: which are an economic and social lilblllty. The! In allowed to remain in their degrading state because no practical method bu been evolv- ed for their Improvement. Much of this property is essentially the moat valuable In the cities con- cerned. bel along the water- front or In what once was the grinclpal buaineu area.-Windsor far.

no Queen's Printer: Iavlali but uncompleted new plant in Hull bu already cost Canadian tax- payer: a cool 812 million. The chances are that by the time presses and other printing equip- ment have been purchased and installed the cost will be nearly double. With such a plant at their disposal, officials of government will probably be bursting out in print at the taxpayerr expense even more piofuaely than they are at present. What they will print, apart from Hauaard and official departmental reports. is an.vbody'a guess. A glance at a list of selected titles of govern- ment publications just released by the Queen's Printer suggests that little of the overhead will be met from sales. Included in the Queen's PrinIer's list is R 50-cent booklet entitled Climate of Mon- treal, a 81.00 Guide to Diagnosis of Occupational Diseases. and a SL25 item entitled Colombo P13". I954.-Winnipeg Tribune.

age 4 - ...-.' gcunrdiqizii

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THE WA-YT: "Al

In) on thin Ame, aollu eoursll. ”33.'u.&'. wag": IBDNII. A IIIIVW (III; ygg. by :':lr'ul.lndIl::h W... cm" a came of trouble in Ta” !"":ff,i It travel: better than 3"”; per hour when hit. In m..g;,,,,,,. mun damage in injuroa up 1” mm ”;.'.:" ..""-.., ew- il: 2?” ":4. Journal: , xx Thu" "Th disappointing .g 5. Driven" cunpugn need

been, handed out. campaigns of this kind can arouse sufficient interest in courteous driving to serve as a worthwhile education project .even if the target of awards is not reached The Junior Board of Trade did not set any fixed standards to be met by drivers receiving the 3W8Td- Any common sense not ol courtesy. arising out of lITIT'n8(Ua(p traffic conditions. was sufficlem A driver stopping to let pedes- trlans cross an intersection would be one. A motorist waiting while another driver backed out at . driveway, or enter traffic lmm 8 Parking space. would be an. other. In one case an nward was given to a driver who. coming upon a motorist trying to charm: a flat fire in the dark, stonns-Id and shone his lights so that gh, driver doing the work would have an easier time. Any simple act of good manners and thoughtful. ness was sufficient to win recng.

nltion.-Ottawa Citizen.

from tlie Maritimef to Britain

for live low Montreal-Britain

tare alone!

INJOY STOP-OVII PIIVIIOIS IO MONIIIAL

lions and sense organs, such an the eyes; at times attacks of vom- iting may occur. If a tumor of the brain t J immediate ilbligy by in neurologist is advis-

NORTIIERN LAKE

Mlnto lake. one of the most beautiful lakes in the Ungava pen-

insula. covers Qfisquaremueg,

PROFESSI-ONAI CARDS

BARRISTERS. soucnoas, Efc.

B'en., ' ,';,fa,:l;';;,9;;,&s,Fmter OPTOMETRISTS 3. mm 3' . G. F. llutclieaon 0 Son --s .. mi ....

M. A. F , , 1,1,3 Bank :lrl(l:IIITll1.Ille?c0C Bldg.

Allison M..Gillis, um. no Richmond at. pm 4747

A. Walthen Gaudet, LL.B. Pbllllpl Bldg.

salaries for professional services."

Even to meet recommended min- imum requlremenlsvtwo years be- yond senior matrirulation - Cun- ada's prcscnt teachers would re- quire a total of about 70,000 years of schooling at senior high school or university level.

Dr. Lalerte says that as.-mnln;.' the coat of one such year of c(luc.1- linn ls 3800-a i esti

J. A. Cal-ruthera. B.0. Kent St. Dial 5311

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.1. S. Taylor, B.0.

1" G"""' 3'” T533:-4785': Palmer 5: Ilaalun II. J. Mabon, R.0 Bank of Nova sooth Bldg. Montague 1. 1, Mutheson, Peak 8 : ,,,,c,m,m 0 CHIROPRACTOR 175 Grafton Street 1);, w, 3, 0.50, J. A. Macfiulgan 2" 5'" M” "T Currie Bldg. . Dial MM - Queen St. ARCHITECT

and teachers given an average eight years of service, the annual investment In additional teacher- educatlon would be 37,000,000. Ad- ditional annual costs for salaries would be close to 510.000.l)00. e-mmmmjn

l The Age Old Story.I

Lord than but been our dwel- llu place in all generations. Be- fore the mountain: won brought forth, or ever thou lmlu form- ed the earth and the world. even from overlutlu to everlasting, thou art God.

.-1-Jj-jt.

l0F'I' CLIMATE

Extreme temperatures at Jersey in the Channel Islands are re- corded as 23 and degrees.

Complete Automotive Machine Shop

Wholesale Parts 1:

Equipment Motor Parts

We stock Timing Gears and Riel Pumps

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fare from Montreal.

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LUXURY FLIGHT. Fly B.0. class service Montreal to London direct. Deluxe accommodations. Sleeper berths available. Pay only

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