PAGEVK4. FRlDAY.jlP.'P'l'. 1, llil

A Two-told Task

Shotnd ugnting develop in the

Middle East. over the Suez dispute, President .Va.sser would haveevery right to expect help from the Soviet Union, although there in probably not one chance in a hundred that it uoulri he lortltronting. Ever since the unl'ortttn.itv SllllHtl0n M056 the Rusgjans have Iiecll urging him IIOL to negotiate any settlement that would be satisfactory to the West. 'l'he offici.-il nous agency Tass has kept repeating that the Western proposal is "a colonialist plan in- tended to destroy the sovereign rights of the Egyptian state". The same official view is being broadcast at regular intervals over the Mos- cow radio system.

This means that the task facing Western diplomats is far greater than the search for a formula to insure efficient and unhindered navigation in the Suez. While they are trying to do that they have to find some way of convincing the Egyptian Government of the folly of paying heed to the harangues of Soviet. Government spokesmen, whose chief interest in the Middle East is the stirring up of trouble of one kind and another to further their own aggressive policies.

Pushing Back The Sea

The vast scheme started in the Netherlands in 1930 to turn the old Zuyder Zea into a twelfth land prov- inceis making good headway. This month the last few miles of 1 dike enclosing Eastern Flevoland, the third stretch of land to be reclaimed from the sea, will be completed and mother 133,000 acres will be added to Netherlands territory.

Once the area is enclosed, pump- ing stations already installed will drain off the seawater, a task which it in estimated will take nine months.

Beneath the sandy bottom lies soil -

rich with deposit: carried down by rivet-it through the centuries. which Netherlands engineers will next year prepare for agriculture.

Plans for towns. villages and roads in. the new ipblder are well advanced. Constructioniof the future capital of Eastern Flevoland has al- ready started: on an artificial island have risen quarters for the workers. a cinema. shops. office buildings and I hospital. To be known as Lelystad after C, Lely. the engineer mainly fesponslbie for the Z u y d e r Zee scheme. it will eventually house 30,- 000 people. Politically. Lelystad al- ready exists. for its pioneer inhabit- ants voted for the first time in the June General Election this year.

Youlhlul Wisdom

Young people have plenty of faults, to be sure, but perhaps no more than their share. considering the example: let by no many of their olden. Indeed, there are oc- casions when they show evidence oi being wiser than their cider: and more aware of the need for social Ilistlct. It hll been established. for Instance, that very young children have. no instinctive binn towards

racial discrimination. when given -the opportunity. children of differ- I out races--white and negro, for ex-

vifh-'.'-"-Play together amicably with- tgilving lgtllbllfht to the adult- i . bar". It is only awn-a of adult . clan Ii; they begin to bar- (uoptcbn; and. qtwtn inwards h-lgndn. another race or

Even Ian. It takes years lintli'h,ioe..io make itself

dttle objection to the iiitegratloii of

lraces in the public ncnooin. Bye

Large maiorlty they Izreed that it is both inevitable and just. but than one-quarter of the students expressed any degree of hostility to the Supreme Court's anti-segregation ruling; and most of those who did agreed that the ruling should be obeyed by school authorities. On the extraordinarily controversial subject of the common use of such facilities as shower and locker room: and drinking fountains there was a not- iceable division among white tu- dents; but at least half of them said they saw no great harm In the pfacdce.

It is true that young people of both races joined in the recent dis- graceful exhibitions of violence in several Southern towns. But it in clear from this report that their parents and other adult associates must bear most of the blame. If left Q9 themselves---Or. better Still, In- couraged by their eldersethere is little doubt that the young people in most IHSIHIIUPS would find a way to mutual tolcr:-ttion and respect.

Viruses And Bacteria

'ine Uli.LL'I'L'lI('P uemeeit viruses and bacteria IS pointed out in a snort article in the current issue u. Health lviagazine, otiicial publication of the Health League of Lanada.

A”virus", strictly speaking, is the cause of an infectious disease and the term was used before any was actually discovered.

Bacteria are small cells--really plants-which can be seen under the microscope and grown on ii suitable substance. Consequently, they are readily identified. They cause, among other diseases. tuberculosis, boils, scarlet fever, and some forms of pneumonia.

Viruses. as the term is used now, are less than 1,t'1600 of an milli- meter across. They are tiny particles which can only be seen under an

- electron microscope, if at all; they

can only grow inside living cells.

i They cause such diseases as measles,

smallpox, and infectious jaundice. They are much harder to identify than bacteria.

Both bacteria and tn'ruses are capable of causing pneumoniaecom sequently, pneumonias are classified accorrling to their cause.

EDITORIAL NOTES

For the first time since the partition of Germany the stores in the Eastern communist-controlled section are offering top hats and evening clothes for rental. Whether the change it good or bad depends, of course, on the point of view.

C O I

A spaniel enroute from Navada in Newfoundland by car slipped away from his travelling campanions in New York City and wandered around for three days. Won't he have a lot to tell when he gets to his destination. He will be the envy of all the (logs in the neighbourhood.

I O O

A speaker at the Family Life Conference suggests that rural edu- cation should provide for two groups of young people, those who wish to remain in the rural community and those who will probably seek their fortunes in the city. One difficulty about implementing that sort of programme-but by no means the only one-sis that most children of elementary-school age have no settled plans for the future. Many a youngster has rircamcri of living in A large city of ”crowds and buzz and murmuringa" only to discover it few years later that the old home- stead is I pretty pleasant place in which to live after all.

C I I

TWO more Presidential candidates have come forward: Darlcingtcm Hoopes. standard bearer for the Socialist Party and T. Coleman An- drews who will lead the States Rlghiers. Mr. lloopes says his party aims to end the "robbery and slav- ery Inherent in the capitalist. syl- tem". He won't. go far on that. be- cause almost every voter in n capit- alist of sort: these days. Mr. An- drewn hasn't yet announced hit platform in detail. However, shortly after he resigned as Commissioner of internal Revenue be advocated the Ibolltion of the Income Tax. if Hi Wb

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O

UNCOMFORTABLE POSITION

Secrels.0f Mars

Lucien Nerd in Uneoco Futon:

On the lllth of September this year and on following days, the world's astronomers will be on the alert. watching the skies. For. on the 19th, our mysterious neigh- bour. the planet Mars. will reach the point of its course nearest to the earth. Only about 20.500000 miles will separate lhcsc two sis- ters of the solar system.

Such proximity will not recur be- fore the year 1973. On September 20, Mars will resume its journey towards its farthest point. which in about 2;')(l.000.000 miles from our earth.

On September 10. the most DOW- erful telescopes. which mamIllY 900 times. will only give an im- age of Mars comparable to that of a small orange held at arm's length. To be visible through such telescopes an object must have I minimum diameter of 60 mlIPS. That means that the astronomers will see Mara as nn.image com- parable in size roughly to that of the moon is it appears to the nak- ed eye. Furthermore astronomical observations can be impeded at any moment by disturbances of the terrestrial atmosphere. So the teamn of specialists posts in re-

I l

mote areas and far from indun- f

trial centres. g

American astronomers will make their observations from Bloemfontein in South Africa: lllc French at the Pic-du-Midi observa- tory in the Pyrenees; the British at Alzazziz, British Columbia. and Soviet nsttonomern at the Abu- tumani observatory in GPOTKUL EARLIER INVESTIGATIONS g

Astronerr interest in Mars is

not peculiar to the 20th century. Three hundred years ago. Join Dominique Cassandi. a French- man of Italian origin. undertook the first scientific investigation of Mars and discovered its polar ice caps. The famous Italian astron- omer Schiaparelli devoted forty years of his life to observations of the phenomena occurring on the surface of Mars. and lost his sight in the course of his efforts. it was he who first discerned the famous "Martian canals." but he finally xmadc this admlssin of disillusion- ment to a friend: "it has become for me n terrible and almost re- pulsive object. The more I study this planet. the less I understand its phenomena."

Despite these difficulties a long line of resolute scientists finally succeeded in drawing up an ade- quate identificatinn of the planet. its diameter is one fourth of the earth's it mrasurcs a little more than 4.000 IIIIIFS "Martian Day" is 24 hours .17 minutes, but the "Martian Year" extends through 607 days. The av- erage temperature on the surface of the planet varies from 50 de- grees F. in the daytime to minus 76 degrees F. at night. in the south- ern hemisphere the spring lusts 146 days. the Iummcr 160 days. nu- tumn 199 and winter M2.

011 the surface nf Mars the force of gravity in three times less

The '

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istencc of polar icecaps and the seasonal changes make it possi- ble to deduce that Mars in sur- rounded by a gaseous atmosphere. The atmosphe AL pressure is esti- mated at B0 millibnra. one tenth of that of our globe. Certainly the weak gravity on liiar's surface ap- pears to rule out the presence of light gases, such as hydrogen or helium, in its atmosphere, which seems also to lack ozwgen, though carbonic gas is abundant. it would therefore be impossible to light a fire on Mars or to keep one going.

Though observations of banks and cloud: lead to the conclusion that water in the form of vapor is present on Mars, the low temper- atures and weak atmospheric pres- sure rule out any belief in the ex- lstcnce of water in n liquid form. Moreover a reflection of solar rays "Om liquid expanses han' never been observed on the ))IIlIeI'l sur-

face.

THROUGII N0 TELESCOPE

I Seen through a telescope. Mara ll many-coloured. There are light colored expanses, pink and orange which cover three-fourths of its hemispheres. But in these areas there are grey and bluish spots in winter. which change to brown and reddish-brown in summer. However. the changes in colour which mark the coming of spring, progress from the pole "towards the equator. instead of in the op- posite direction as on earth.

Several astronomer: attribute these seasonal changes to the ex- lstcnce of plant life on Mars. The Russian astronomer G.A. Tikhov believes in the possibility of plant growth on Mars somewhat nimilnr tn the mosses and lichen found in We lmzh moutaiiis of the Altai. in the Sovict Union. And M. Dollfun does not discard the theory of some primitive form of life on the planet. There might. for in- stance. be physico-chemical mani- festations more complex than those of minerals. such as colour- producing bacteria and also grow. mg in ice.

The German physiologist Strug- hnld believes that bacterl. up live on Marl but the higher life, vegetable or nnimal. in not pon- siblc there. The American astron- omer Dean McLaughlin bu advan- ced I theory that Mars could now be in the first stages of its life. marked by violent volcanic upheavals, which have followed the appearance of ocean: formed by water spurting from the cen- ire of the planet. This hypothesis is challenged by othcrtt who be- llevc that Mars has finished its evolution. in general. most theor- ies about Mara are highly contro- dlctory.

At any rate. naulin of the obser- valions due to start next month from points all round the earth are eagerly awaited by astronomers. On all mntlncnts specialists in this

' field will be working together and

- strong than on the earth. The ex- (

The Air Liner

will exchange their findings In the hope of penetrating the secret: of the planet.

Ry William Courtenay. 0.I.l.

The fifteen luinrired miles per hour jet bomber is on the draw- ing boards both at Avro In Eng- land and Boeing In America. The Air Force: will form first Iquld mo of them no later than III and the design experience Dllll what is known of the power which the lpt engine nt five yearn hence will produce. is making some do- signer:

lmiittic about prospects - with

in um flying was a thrill. indulg- ed at about 100 mph: and no in

OUR YESTERDAY: hon The Guardian Flinn

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (September 7. 1031)

Plans for the new Prince Ed- ward Island Hospital and Nurses Home arrived by express Friday. A meeting of the building commit- tee was held and the drawings were passed over to the hospital doctors for inspection before they are finally adopted.

Old Government House renova- led and remodelled, in now ready for occupancy by the Lieutenant Governor. The two wings which housed the help. now contain bath- room equipment and two new bath- rooms have been placed in the liv- ing quarter: on the upper floor.

TEN YEARS AGO (September 7, 1946)

With an American potato crop of approximately l50.000.000 bush- els. and a potato glut existing in Ontario. Quebec Ind plovn Scotia along with Prince Edward island having this year a 50 per cent in- crease in acreage. prospects for potato prices comparable to last year. have disappeared.

I. Allen Marlvlillan. R. Sc, son of Dr. W..I.P. MncMillan left this morning for Ottawa to attend medical school at the University of Ottawa.

to the con luslon that they find it irksome t spend more than 5 hours in the air at n time; they are flocking from 7.30 mph air lin- erit to the 330 mph of the Vickerl lVlscount' mainly because it in- volves spending less time In the air. And an the propjet air linen fly at 25,000 it while the jets like the De Hallland 'comet' operate best at 42.000 it there is less and

Al I Medically , My

Speaking

IUYING JUNIORS SHOE” linen Hill In "Child Foot Health loath," let's consider how to Ibo for n new pair of qboulor

It he's like most youiiuui-I. be probably need: them. An active child taken about 30.000 step: a, day. 'rbnt'a about double the iiuiir .3” um. by the usual homo-mob Ir In her daily illinru. PIRFEOT FEET

Virtually all children are born with perfect feet. Yet. by the time they are one you old. eight per cent have developed name sort-of fool trouble. The figure risen to no gr cant nt the age of 10 and to per cent for Mill lcbool youngaterl. . -

Ill-fitting shoes can bring on poor posture. fatigue and can even affect the nervous system. You can easily "9 mil DNPGHV fitted nlioen are essential to pro- tect 'your youngat-er'a feet and general health.

There are several - -, important things to keep in mind when buy- in; shoes for your offspring. RELIABLE STORE

First, go to a good. reliable shoe, store and take your time pur chasing the shoes. Perhaps the clerk will offer you extra heavy duty shoes. And the way junior rips through pair after pair of regular footgear. this might seem like a good idea.

Generally. however. it's best to stick to regular shoes. Your child needs light, flexible shoes that. bond easily at the ball of his foot.

Be sure that the shoes fit prop- erly. Hwe the clerk measure both feet as the child stands barefoot- ed, his feet bearing the full weight of his body.

LARGER FOOT

The shoes should fit the larger foot. They should be sung at the heel. half to three - quarters of an inch longer than the longest toe of the biggest foot. They should be wide enough at the too so you can pinch the leather with your fingers and get a fairly good grip.on it.

of course. ihoes should not slip or pinch the feet.

It may seem as though youlre buying shoes all the time for jun- ior. Weil, that may be just about right. A youngster's feet grow rapidly and sometimes you may have to buy new shoes at the rate of a pair n month. Dont forget half a size is only one-sixth of an inch.

The National Food Health Coun- cil says a child 2 to 6 years old may change his foot size every 4 to 8 weeks: 6 to 10 years. every 8 to 12 weeks; 10 to 12 years. every 11 to is weeks: 12 to 15 years. every 16 to 20 weeks: and 15 years and over. every 6 months until 20 years old.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

B.G.: Do electric shock (reat-

menta for mental illness injure

the memory?

Answer: The memory is some- times slightly altered by shock treatments. However. if they are needed, this should be no box nulnat taking them.

MAXIMS

Prnlne. like gold nnd dizxnnnrll. owes its value only to its scarcity.

VATTCAN CITY (AP)-The Cour t in-egation of the Oriental Rite an- nounced Thursday that it has been informed that Magr. Basilio W. Lndyka. Titular Archbishop of Martiropoli. has died in Winnipeg. He was the spiritual leader of the 200,000 followers of the Oriental Rite in Canada.

lens of the landscape to see. On an ocean trip there is nothing to see at all -not even ocean because the at all -not even ocean because the (light is largely completed at night and the ocean in bid from view if flight takes place at 40.000 it. I- bove all cloud. This makes the trip all the more boring especially as there is such little room to move.

This is the big factor driving the designers and researchers to find still greater speed. Jet en- gines developing 20.000 lbs of thrust - equal to 10.000 HP at 40. 000 (t. at high speed - will be available well before 1900 and cer- tainly by the time the 1.500 mph Bomber is ready for the first test. Probably by 1000 some 25.000 lbs of thrust power - five times In much as was available in 1945 will be altered to the aircraft do- slizner - apart from the introduc- tion of rocket motors to assist tub off and climb to 60.M0 ft. Yes, the aircraft nre going even higher on that ground will only be seen for a few minutes at take off and descent. and not even then if the windowlt are omitted to timing- thn the fuslage.

IN THREE FOUR!

The 1.000 mph air liner would npan America in three cross the Atlantic in

.i is . 1.133 g (E . 1' iiiiiitii

'2 2 is Sell 1 a.

for construction.

premises.

members: Ralph Gillis

i lay.

no-i-ugh--inuvhudiu, womtonulhnuonuutbelhvdtu

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A band into every man's pocket. -Vancouver Province

bodies, would drive an fut an he did before. or as enro- louly or tliouglitlusly. The accl- deut had an immediate effect on all who saw the results. - Cni- gnry Albertan. I

The British Attorney ' nernl. Sir Reginald Manui ” . Bullet claims to be spelkinl for the majority of Britain when he Itaten he is against the abolition of the death penalty. "Even though the clergy and several law groups are campaigning for abolition". he says. He may be right. but the top legal officer in Britain is talking

I less than good acme when be con- tends that hanging in a human method of destroying llie. - Van- couver Herald.

It in I ., " accepted (not that the Force expects its mem- bers to strive at all times to give their best. Proof positive that nothing short. of 100 per cent in COIISIdGFud at all, in illustrated by the following extract noted in one of our service files It the bottom of a training board: "Member's average percentage ninety-eight per cent: General Remarks- ”Hardwoi-klng and doing his best. but is not very brilliant."--R.C. M.P. Quarterly

No one. of course. can be quite sure what the new Cllllll and locks will mean to any given local- ity. The best guess is that actual ocean-going shipping will play a much less important part than purely internal traffic movements. For example, grain from Port Ar- thur will probably be trans-shipped at Montreal and other St. Law- rence ports as is the practice to- day. except that the status of some of the present intermediate points may be radially altered.