PAGE TEN

Canada Enjoys Preferred Position Falls Far Short Of

i 3y J, x, Rpss-Duggan, Editor, Can- velpoinent of suitable industries to adian Trade Abroad enable Denmark, to repair the tre- (Reprinted from the financial Post» mcndous losses of the war-

The achievement of Denmark. viii. only s 1-2 million pwule. vet gu-pplying Gicat Britain will neur- ly two-thirds of its imports of b16011 one-third of its imports of buitvr

011

Many Farm Schools There are 90 of these Folk H150 Schools" with over 12.000 students. and the formative cductaion given

and one-fourth o: llS iiul'011-$

of

is an important element in the suc-

eggs, challenges inc respect and|ccss of the co-operativc movement

close attention of Cilllldllill lllfulluv“

- crs. Suxcss o! Dtfllllldkk mi the Bill-

kh market. has been aita uccl by in“

pclentiflc nrgauvairiii of production $1101?’ y lllllfilfillilY and rcglllnriiv

nfwupyili‘ have own ensured. '10‘...

1111.. been bucked ll]\ by an eflicrnt. selling rv“g'll‘.l."lillflll, supported ‘veil-d iivicrl- adieriisiug. Whde others talk alxuu what they are going m do about bacon produc-

ton. Dfllllfll farmers grow lean pics

and sell gocd bdvcn. The)‘ have es- tablished a stable trade. 'l“he_v have no “in and out" pilllfjy for exploit- ing the British market wihen prices ale right and turning to Gill“? sour- ces of revenue when prices decline.

The Danes realized that ilie Unit- ed Kingdom is then‘ bcsi market. and they have mobilized lll?!'f1_‘{“.\'t‘5 accordingly. Even now \\llf‘ll the dice arc loaded against iliem by restricted quotas. they lune taken siops to control pig ]‘)l‘()(llil'l.Dl'l and bacon curing to meet the situation.

Where Britain Buys Bacon Durng 1932, the toiul uuports of bacon into Great BTlldlIl ivere ll.- 405032 cwt. valued at K302110000 or $l47.220.l00 at par. ‘

The principal muntrics of supply were:

h _v

in farm ndustry.

In addition, ihcrc arc over l6 ug- rivulturul schools. wh;ch are at- ic-nclcd by the sons of farmers and farm laborers. Graduates _ assume l€.\d!‘l'.\ll'i) in the bacon and butler uidusiius, and aic generally found in charge of co-operative sosictics. creamer es. etc. The schools are rim by ilie co-opcrative societies and reicive only a very small state grimi.

Agricultural interests in Denmark arc closely knit together. Thcrc are three principal organizations. The local co-operative societies are gath- c-rcd together into associations cov- ering various sections of the country to thc nuniLci- cf 15 eo-olfiFa1l\'° groups which, in turn, constitute (he Central Co-operativa Commit- tee of Denmark.

Then, there is the Associated Danzsh Agricultural Soczfll‘. WhlCh is a nai onal organization of local foranches comprising over 120,000 farmers. It is principally interest- ed in educational work. and in the organization of conferences and shows.

The Royal Agricultural Society of Denmark is largely formed of cs- tatc owners and large farmers. The Government gives a grant to the society for the maintenance of!

cwt. farming community generally.

Denmark 7.672.000

Poland . . . . . . . .. 1.143.000 Supreme Farm Council Netherlands . 972.000 Representatives from all three Lithuania 575,000 organizations are appointed to the Sweden 430,000 Agricultural Council, whose objec- Irish Free State 199.000 tive is the advancement of the gen- Canada 183,000 eral. interests}! Dan'sh agriculture.

There are many advantages work- ing in favor of Canada including a. duty of 30 per cent upon Irish blam- Tefilmflg ‘in a reducfion in Irish exports by 33 per cent to the smallest total on record.

During I932, Britain adopted the pflnciple of regulated supplies. This was met by a. voluntary agreement among most foreign ezqaorbera m- duciag their shipment; to Britain m Ibo memento by 16 per cent._

Although the British Pig Mark- eting scheme‘ has for its objective to increase of home production at the crpcmc of imports, yet the ba- con market in Great Britain for Canada. is an "open" market since we hUVO plenty of leeway to make up in our quota. ,

The quota. allotted no Canada under the Ottawa. agreement was 2,000,000 cwt. valued at 1932 prices at 504450.600 or $31,413,935 at par.

Actually we shipped '7 per cent of our quota in 1932. Even 1932 figures represent an increase of more than three times over 1931 yet envious eves look back to the comparatively 800d year of 192'! when Canada ship- ped 503.000 cwts.

Strongly I-lntrenched

European producers are already strongly entrenched. In addition to becoming more efficient boih in pro-

duction and marketing, Canadian lain boards with a record of high Qloduccrs mus". iciiaikrc iucir mur- fertility and 500d bacon quality for use by farmers- and provide every

keting efforts in retain and increase their share of Br tish business. The

foreign producers will fight to hold stations.

their business.

Eg-i-entizil is. if. lhcrefurc for Cflll-

ada to take a measure of her prin- stuffs. Denmark possesses the great

viral Cflhl])"illf'7i' and carefully to siudv the prirmiplrs and (lriclop- meiu. of Diinisll bacon production Ind marketing.

The bacon ndiistry in Denmark possesses strung Yllfllllfv’. The‘. young men do not drift to the cit-l ies, but set 101cm making thcm- aclvcs useful on (he fiirms and pre- paring themselves in course of time to obtain their own holdings, 'I‘h|\y "WK 9-5 BPDrentlci-s to farmers. Many attend agricultural colleges during the wntcr months, working on the farms in the busy spring and summer seasons.

‘Fifty years ago Denmark was in the depth.‘ of aizricillluval depres- e-ion. 'I‘hcu- naiinual life had bcrn shaken by the disastrous ivnr with Germany, resulting iii the loss of the rich prov nce of Bchlcswig-llol- lien. Out of their timer. of stress came l. great lender, Grundtvig. who estab-

bacon because the English like it, or , do the limglich like lean bacon be- cause the Deans supply it? In any

Canada has a wonderful oppor- case, the preferred result; is obtain- tunity r ght now lo develop bacon ed by crossing large white York- exporis to the United Kingdom. But shires with the native breed of P185-

zissistancc in the way of testing There s considerable research with regard to the best feeding

’ a rccsories. etc.

This la a. private body, entirely flee from Government control. It acts as the line of communication between thc farmers and the Government. one of its special studies is the ef- fect of export supply and demand upon Danish agricultural interests. It acts as a. clearing house for

es reports and publications of prac- tical interest.

Pigs are to be found everywhere in Denmark. On Jan. l5. 1932, there were 5.487.000 pigs in Denmark but restriction reduced this to 4.- 376.000 on April 18 1933. Over 97 (per cent of the farms are less than 147 acres in extent. About 1,000,000 pigs are carried on farms of 37 acics or less. Electric power is found on practically every farm. Particular attention is paid to scfentific pig breeding. It is recog- nized that a certain Imglishman named Jack Spratt will eat no fat and that his wifc‘.s tastes do not count. Denmark provides the lean bacon demanded by the British market. ‘There is much argument as to whether this is an effect or a cause. Do the Danes supply lean

Maintain High Standards The co-operative societies main-

advantage of an unlimited supply of separated milk, which, when combined with barley meal. is con- sidered to be the best feed. Even such a detail as the pasteurlzlng of the separated milk used for the p.gs ‘s not overlooked. This is a requirement of the law.

The bacon factories pick up the pigs from the fanns on a regular round by motor truck similar to milk collection for the butter fac- tories. The trucks are also used by the local co-operative supply co- ciety u. deliver feed, rnanurea, farm

'l'hcre are many large private bacon factor-cs. many fie-operative factories run by the fanners. l Export Only The But Some of the factories handle over a. quarter of a million pigs a year. Inspectors appointed by the Gov-

lishcd the Pblk High Schools, which had for their objective the renewal of the national spirit and the de-

ernment but paid by the factory

i was put into practiie. whereby far-

markctng information, and publish- ‘

British Quota.

Market , But

exported. Payments depend not merely on weight but also on quality. "

Some idea of the very carious at- titude of Danes toward the r export ‘business may be judged from the fact that very little bacon or butter ‘is to be found on the average table. ‘Over nine-tenths of all the bacon produced is shipped abroad, almost entirely to Great Britain. The boats out of Evlijcrg and Copenhagen rim almost with the regularity of ex- press trains.

Large scale pig farming in a con- centrated farm area presents a sit- uation u-hiep is (‘l1$\l_\‘ controllable to ensure continuous and regular supplies i0 the Danish ciuvr. Spec- ial attention is giicn (o the dis- posal of by-produets.

When Great Brtain derided to ration her baron imporis (ill a quota

market for Canada and other Do-‘ minions as well as home producers, the Danes were faced with a prob- lem of first-rate mngnziuilc. But they were already cqu. . with the neccsary organization to hnndlo the situation without an uimediate appeal to the Government for stat- utory action. The nmricultural council immediately’ pieprir-d a sys- tem for the voluntary lin: r. n of pig killings. as well as renewed ef- forts to establish other outlets for pork products, both by increased home consumption and br exports to Germany. Belgriuiu. Ila id other countries. This resulted in a reduc- tion of pig killings for export by 20 per cent.

The Government by legislation

basis, thus providing - .1 fiivorablcg’

THE- QIKARI-(YTTETQWN GUARPKAN

Hen Ties World Laying Record

"llerreen 10-h" A white leghorn

your. Wlirn she failed lo lay on lllc

year she lost a good chance f0 sci. a new murk-

hen at the eiiperlmenfal farm at

. . . . . ' ' ' ‘ ti 13.0. ted the world record by laying 307 egzs l" her pullcl, ‘as ihc Aocs. 1x10111115. 56mm“ l"

fourth day before the end of her

|-__...- .

a IIIDDEN scuunor:

There is a re-uixakening of m. luff-Ff. 5n undu‘nnt fever and its cause. and articles in the agricul- iurnl papers put brforc us some of ilic atest cnnelilsons of medical SClFIICO in iigard to 1i, To under. stand its history and relationship

exports, A card ui‘ coupon system mers delivered 20 per cent less than‘ their usual average delivery pad for at British prices. Any pigs de- livered above this amount were paid for at domestic rates. Later the ev- port of bacon was made subject to license.

Further consultatons between the pig regulating conuniitce. file a2- ricultural council and bacon inter- ests are still proceeding leading to a, more permanent meihod of neg- ulation.

Two Marketing Systems

There are two principal methods of marketing Danish bacon. The preponderance of the trade Z5 taken care of by British cniriniis- sion agents representing Danish factories, or groups of fiu-ioixies. either of a. co-operaitve or a prop- rietary nature. These agents obtain orders and send them to the fac- lorls ivifrll forward supplies f‘llllf“_‘ direct to the wholesale nlerchunt or to the order of the agent Amour; wholesalers are some of the prin-

cipal chain storcs and multiple shops. . The Danish Bacon Cullllllill‘?

controls one-third of the total im- ports of Danish bacon into Great Britain. It is a co-orperative sales agency for selling direct to retailers. controlled by the 17 Danish co- operative factories. It also purchases supplies from other Danish sources. It employs its own salesmen. The wholesale trade opposes the activ- ities of the company in selling to retailers. This antipathy isphoiv- ever. being overcome w some extent and considerable business is now ‘being done with f-llo large multiple shops, and also with some of the wholesale merchants, particularly in North England.

Visitors 1.0 Great Britain will rc- member the signs in the Under- ground advlsing patrons to ask for "Emglisl-i or Danish bacon." Prior to this development, however. the advertising activities of the com- pany were dfrecfed to featuring Danish bacon as being or high quality. fresh conditioned. and of that lean nature which is atiriir- tive to the British palate.

Inspected in England

The agricultural coinicil keeps a close check upon bacon on, its ar- rival in England and thereafter. Bacon for export is subject m m- spection. during transport. and in the warehouses in England. Special committees inspect shipments at the principal British ports. as ucll as in the warehouses in I/inclnu,

we arc (lircetcd to other days and

:i<ivi..ers~ and experts to contract the fumm" Yegmated Pmd“"u°" and-CHIN‘ lauds.

For a lcvg pcricd of time the in- hzibitruiti of Malta, an island in the ltlediteriznncan, were subject to a drea e which ciiine to be known as "Mala fever." As Malta is one o‘. (he stat ons of the British fleet. the attention of the military doc- tors was at last attracted by the number of solders who suffered from Malta fever" and an attempt was maclc i0 discov 1‘ it< causc- In i887 Dr. Bruce isolated a germ \\'l"ii'li ivns found 111 the milk of goals. wh ch is the milk in genera! inc ui Malia. This gcrm was prov- ed 1o 11c the ciisual oriziinism of the f1 vi .. arid has been given the nzinie B uc llzt mcl tcnsis. thus porpoi- uaiing ihc discoverens name. and that of the place of orgin»

(By way of digre sirn it is i0 be llulPd ilnii. the milk dealers .:i .\l.i’.ia. drive the coin; about the stri-vis, and nzfk ilicin .n the pre- scre‘ of tlie purchaser: this cus- foni was certainly prevalent up to 10:0. though ihcrc were signs ihul it iviis not as popular us before the discovery of the germ. Another curious custom ‘I. that (he goats are mfkcd from the rear, and not from the sid“. This would also ap- prair to be the ancient method of m..kiiig cows. sivcc in 1024 the cx- cavators at Tellwl Obeid. near Ur

11rd pastoral fri'zc showing cows lying in lkcd and butter (71 being .~.:riuncd. Thc men squat awkwardly beneath the wws tuils. milking into tall llilffOW vvscs»

Now we change to Eizabethan England. I’l thr- sxtcenth century ilr- fin-i notices of an oilihrcak of abortion amongst Cllill‘ are found, and ifs infectious niiiii-c was sus- peeled. By the tintc of the Napol- eonic ivrirs the suspicion was so- strong that farmers were advised io isolate the aborting animal and to bury the expelled foetus. Final- ly in 1806, Dr. Bang of Denmark, disccveied the specific micro-or- ganism responsibka. which he nam- ed Brucclii abortus, but which 1S often cullcd Bangs baci‘lus. It is either close to. or identical with, the germ causing Malta fever.

It was afterwards fmuid that a. cow mght be well stocked wlih the ileum, and yrt never abort. The ud- clcr in many cases is the seat of a permanent infection which renders the milk unsafe for consumption. since man, and some of the lower animals are susceptible to the iii-

licciion. The disease of "Bovne lu-

icciious Abortion" is well treated of in a pamphlet bearing that title, iuucd by the Dominion Depart- nicizt of Agrcifturc.

It i:. a. difficult ‘nfcciion to ding- nu e in cattle and equally difficult

Inading British bacon iucrchauu. nrc invited to participate and rwci‘); opportunity Ls taken t0 demonstrate

to rvamznizc in man. Only a "blood (c i." will. ivth any certainty, show ilic piv-rence of the gcrm- A few yen s ugo I made enquiry as to the

FTEWSY NOTES

IY lGBlC-OLA

oi the Chuldecs, discovered an in-

' the superiority of the Danish profi

such matters as color. cut, methods

isylllptOillfi as shown by man, and coird eiclt little more than "fever a. d gref protration." Since then more details are available. The viczm is feverhh, and at first is

duct, as well as to discuss way.» and means of improving the com- mercal quality of the bacon and

see lo it that only the very highest. wade of meat l; permitted to ha‘

of curc and unifonnity of quality.

lhflili-zht to have typhoid influenza

(Continued on ruse 11> or even acute rheumatism, and uua

un-n-n-A

lords to cb cure i..c olgin of the maladyv

“The patient has a mi‘d fever, 10:5 of appetite, pains in the mus- cls and jzils. sweatng and con- Slllflfilblf‘ proariiton" say‘ u ntcdi- cal writer Ill ihe Daniel's Advo- cate. As (he fever comes and goes. in waves. it his come to be known as “undulant fever,“ recovery from which is unusually slow, the ilircasc scmctlnfcs taking two years "to bum itself out." Thedeath rate is said to be low-not more than

p‘.

PELTING Ann

CLEANING

Leg, experienced men do Will‘ pcliing and cleaning this year. W0 do n first class job in both depart- ments and assure 3'0" llfluwmm- Our prices are rlKM- Ph°n° m" m‘ write J. D. Jenkms, Charlottetown. for full information. or call at our plan], just back of Eaton‘: new store. Why I105 El" '15 5 "l"

2528 I. D. JENKINS.

not de'in fc-ly known how this dOE got the name of collie; I have. how-ever, hem-cl old Northumbi-ians: ca‘l beef “collyfl and a sllcc‘of mc't was n ccllop. Perhaps 00-119 was Zlll old ivm-d referring to bflf cattle. ‘Ilic true sheep-dog is 0111K‘ a. distinct animal.

Cactus. .A plant name often mil- applicd. The scientific dcfinif-iflfl 0T a cactus is foo lcnf; t” 0mm he"- biit i-ucii are. in 89119731» “"513” plains, dcitiiuic of leaves (usually! . and haviui: li-‘izhlv Ornamental ‘1Q“-(\l‘§,‘ The write: has frequently‘ licuid the term "cactus" ED131195 w the most unlikely succulents, such»

other.»

Canny. cnnnic- This ls a. Scots’ word wlrch has found its way Into the Fugish diciiozuiiiy: the mean-i ing is g vcn us cautious, wary. 51in] m1 Clllfiy, moderate. The word is quite iamiliu- to the Nor-thum- bflBlL, who ccnstnrtly uses if; but» the meaiing is differcnt- When B- Sirmigiii" is nddresYed as "C8D"? may," and Jiviied in, he has foundi favor m (he spfnkers eyes. A.‘ youth nil! b" couccd- “Run (10011 to the store for me. that's a canny‘

ma!" The meaning cmveivd is nice, 0r plCflSflllf, or agreeable: riiflier a contrast to the Scots‘

idea! . our rawmzs's DAY

A friend ivho has lately visiitd the Old Coun‘r_s' tels inc that the jm¢qu1~< still celebrate GUY‘ Fuivkesls Day with as much en- ihu iasni as ever. when I W95 II boy we knriv nothing of’ HBHOWEVW but we had ll guy time on the 5011i

two per cent. 1t is now believed that many cases of chronic invalid- isin which had been looked upon‘ with suspicion as "manifestations of laziness." were actually the re- sult of undulant fever.

N0 special treatment hcs been evolved; the vaccines lflllfi have fails-d to give any results. It is for- tunate th rcfore tiiut the majority of peopie seem LO be lmniune- In one known case a family of three drznk infected m‘lk for three mouths, and nothing canic of it.. If. is better. however. to avoid all risk.‘- by pasteurizing fh" milk.

PASTEIJRIZED MILK

"The object in pastciirizing milk is to destroy disease germs which luuy get into the milk either from a. diseased cow, or in some other way. The germs of tuberculosis, diphtheria. and other riisiiscs zire rendered harmless by proper and thorough pasteurization" from "Why and flow to Use Milk." a pamphlet issued by the Depart- ment of Agriculture, Ottawa. This booklet. among other important rccipea gives explic‘t directions for sterilizing mi'k. Briefly, the milk is he'd at 145 degrees Fahrenheit for a mriod of 30 minutes. "No elabor- nfc or expensive cqilipincnt is re- quircd."

LOIIlS Pasteur. the ‘ ‘father of bacteriology." first ilscd the pro- cess now known by his name to kll certain germs iiifrsiing wine. lie never appplird flic process to milk

JUST A FEW WORDS

Chore. This word is evidently a. dialect vazizint of char, or Eng- lish term for odd jobs, llSlllilly done “by the day." That again comes from the Anglo-Saxon. "cerr," meaning simply "work." Chore is commonly wed in (he piiral, as: "He has done nll the chores.“ Char may b" yirououuecd. as spell, or may be sounded liar» chair: it is used in compound, words as chm-woman. one ivlio works by the day.

Chunky or Chant)‘. 'l‘lus term denotes a sailors’ song, pnrlcularly one chanted by a squud of men. engaged in some concerted work. as heaving th“ anchor by 111"}! ns of a capstan and bars. The rhythm was of service in controlling (he expenditure of cncrcv “n, jg sometimes spot schzin c)‘ 0- ,-,1.,,n. ty. but. the derlvni on is (lb\'.(7ll§l,\‘ from the word "chant." with tho advent of steam iviui-lzer; and w forth. the chantry inn become n. thing of the past.

Chlvarfii. 'l‘his is inc lei-ill pm-

unciation of ehaiuvuri, lllNlll 11g a burlesque sercnnde, ivui. (in-pails, hornl. 01‘ (my uncouth mus cal iu- atnlments. The correct pronuncia-

of N» nnybcl‘, m. rfglit, when W9 bur i -.:n (ffiij. 1 iupposfll l0 IPPTQ’ sent the famous COBSPil-Tawf- on d hug» bouirc, rind accompani- led by the "rrpplngm of ff-IBWOTKJ- The viinge carpenter contributed shavings, the builders gave old tar ‘JIIFFPlS, and oihcis old boards. mattresses. uud in fact anythmfl lhlll. would milk“ ii blaze, for thPIe is no doubt that the old. 501k eff-WY‘ N1 u,» festival as much as w: did- Whctlivr we were careful or Ill-st li. cky I Erinuot dccldc, but I never heaid of anybody bflill; lull-If?!‘ by the fzrrivofkc. A; (hi Offgy was burning we cllfllliifl it doggeWl 111N111? “W57” "Remember, reincnbez" the fifth 0! Novimbcr, .