TIIE GIIIIILIITTEIIIWII GIIIIIIIIAII

_ IOIIIIII‘ DlI-Il (Founded In "I'll

President: Hurt. Col. W. Cluster 8. V100- ' l. l. Burnett, IJ-I.

. Haul. 00L D. A. Iaolllnnen. 0.5.0. llllor and Dinner: J. I. Burnett. IJ-l llama Editors: Frank Walker and Hut. Inn A

Burnett, LUJLVL (On Aotlvo Service!

‘The Strongest Memory la Weaker Tluq . the Weakest Ink.’

THURSDAY; MAY l. I9“

Mr. Bracken's Views

The conference of Empire Prime Ministers iiow in progress in London adds interest t0 the views expressed in lilacleaifs Magazine by the Hon. john Bracken on the subject of Empire solidarity. There is a growing belief that hlr. Bracken will lead the next government in Can- ada. In any event, as head of the Progressive Conservative Party ltis opinions on this import- ant subject are of significance.

In bricf, .\lr. Bracken favors a world organ- izatioti to maintain peace in which Canada must have "an equal voice" with other nations. Isle does not think that the world organization cati be atlvtuiccil bv any wcakt-iiiiig of British Com- mmtwealth tics, lint rather by closer Canadian collaboration ivith Counnonivcaltlt nations and the extension of that co-operation to other na- tions as rapidly as possible. Canada should work generously with the Conintonivealtli, but re- tain the right to malt-c hcr own decisions. Bcttcr methods of consultation hctwecu British nations should be developed as the present methods are inadequate but he Opposes any movement to»- wards centralization 0f the Commonwealth. All conferences should he advisory only and their decisions never binding iiulcss approved by the parliaments of thc individtial tiatious.

Canada's position in the Commonwealth should be that of an adult in a family. She should cut-operate generously, but retain the right to make licr own decisions.

“She is hound, however, to the other mem- bers of lllc family by ties which hold together any household that is loyal to worthy traditions and looks back with pride to a good heritage. Canada's zittitudo should be one of willing and cheerful co-opcration with other parts of thc British Commonwealth, freely associating with them and seeking Cvcry possible means to fur- ther the trade and peace and progress of the world, but wholly autonomous in her relations with them."

Canada should not lie committed lllvildVilllCC t0 fight iu defcitcc of any part of the Common- wealth. Parliament must decide in the light of actual conditions when war occurs whether Cau- ada should participate to dcfcnd any part of the Coinnioiiivcziltli. The lrlritisli nations should generally roach common policies by constiltatioii. “but they should not be required to accept ma- jority decisions except on the approval of their parliaments and they should not be denied con- sultation with other nations."

Mr. Bracken favors some immigration after the war, but in no substantial volume until all Canadians have johs. Canada should not join the Pan-American Union if that would prejudice her place iii the British ‘Commonivealtli.

"The Loom of“ Language"

A book which should prove of exceptional value and interest to teachers and students of languages has made its appearance. It is entitled “The Loom of Language." by the distinguished Swiss philologist, Frederick Bodmcr, edited by Lancelot IIogbcii. The same author and editor were responsible for producing “Uathematics for the .\Iillioii.” Remarkable and original as the earlier hook ivas. "The Loom of Language" is rated more highly both for variety 0f interest and magnitude of achievement. In the first 20o pages the author surveys “the natural liis- tory of language," tracing the development of the alphabet. analyzing inflection and syntax. and ending with “the classification of latiguagcs." The next zoo or so pages comprise a book for anyone who would piece together a working knowledge of German, Swedish, Dutch, Danish, Norwegian, French, Spanish, Italian or Portu- guese. There are basic word lists in a copious index—and grammcr is studied with an eye for the acquiring of inaxintum expressiveness with a minimum of resources. This section is parti- cularly interesting for the light it throws upon the English language. In the concluding chap- ters, thc histor_v of language planning is rcvieiv- ed, and principles are discussed which the author thinks should be embodied in the ideal inter- national auxiliary language.

The book is likely to prove indispensable in the future t0 colleges and universities, btit its value is by no means limited to the classroom. It is, in fact, of engrossing popular interest. One of many novel points ntade in the work is that it is easier to learn several related lan- guages simultaneously; than to take them up one at a time. "The reason for this.” says Prof. Bodiucr, "is obvious if we approach learning languages as a problem of applied biology. The ease with which we remember things depends on being able to associate one thing with another. In many branches of knowledge a little learn- ing is a difficult thing."

“The Loom of Language" is published by \V. W. Norton and Company, New York.

Forgetting History

An editorial writer for a well kitown U.S. newspaper syndicate rebukes “two widely-read magazines" for having committed "the same his- torical error in commenting on Princess Eliza- beth." namely‘, by saying that “ivhen and if she ascends the ihriiiic. sho will be the srcoiitl ivomaii to Tlllf! liiiglauil siiicc Elizabeth." The syndicate writcr coiiiplziiiis that his contemporaries nicn- liuiictl only {Jucctrbictoria in the interval and omitted Quccn Anne.

As it happens, the critic is himself open to criticism on a like score, says the nffllllfOffl 17.x- positor. because. ivliile he remembered Queen Aime ht". too. made an important omission. He overlooked Queen alrirv ll. This lady, elder (lziuglitci- of jaiiics ll, became joint sovereign with William lll (ivlio Wits‘ also licr cousin) after the revolution of 1688. She not only reign-

‘:1

ed but ruled during William's frequent s‘ on the Continent.

England and Britain have hgd five Queens- rcgnant: Mary I, Elizabeth, Mary II, Anne, and Victoria. Greatest of these was Good Queen Bess of the Golden Age, and a close second was Victoria. Mary I, Elizabeth's predecessor, started by being popular but lost favor through her marriage with _Philip ‘II of Spain and by couuteuancing a series of religious persecutions which earned her the unenviable sobriquet. “Bloody Mary." Anne, second daughter of James II, had as her confidante Mrs. Churchill, wife of Colonel Churchill, who became the dis- tinguished first Duke of Marlborough, an an- cestor of the still more distinguished Prime Min- ister of Great Britain.

EDITORIAL NOTES .-

The Fighting Forces are delving in to float the Victory Loan-offerilg their earnings as well as risking their lives.‘ *»

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Before the war there was no shipbuilding in India, now she is building ships for anti-sub- marine aiid general patrol duties, niineswccpcrs, motor launches and other craft."

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India's Army—2,ooo.ooo strong is the larg- est army ever raised in Indian history and the largest volunteer army in the world. It has been absorbing recruits at a monthly rate of about 50,000 men.

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The leading citizens are to dine together at the Charlottctoivn this evening in honour of the visit of President Gordon and Secretary Gilliard of the Navy League. It should be a red-letter event in local history.

III l? l! i‘

j. Whitaker, F.S..~\., British historian and re- corder, born this date i820; compiled and pub-

lished annually Whitaker's Almanac, the most w

comprehensive authoritative and reliable book of current reference issued from the British press; he died I895, his works do follow him until the present. ‘It lll i

The Royal Indian Navy has a personnel thirteen times greater than at the outbreak" or ivar. R.I.N. ships played their part in the battle of the Atlantic, in the opcrationsagainst the Italians iii East Africa, the campaign m Iran. the operations iii the Dutch East Indies’ waters, the defence of Singapore, the battle of Burma and the invasion of Sicily.

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Increase iii plane size and performance creates a problem to the men who build the l'lIll\\'£l)‘5 on airficlds in England. The added pressure creates tiiore wear and tear on the runways and all fields ivhicli are not used exclusively for light aircraft, must have runways built like a main highivay". Most of these have from 9 to i: inches thickness of concrete. from 50 l0 10° yards wide. Besides the main runway iii the prevailing wind, an airfield usually has two sub- sidiary runways, for taking off into iviuds that deviate f rout the prevailing oiic.

* W‘ it >I<

“Conventions place a burden not only nu transportation facilities but also on hotels and other civilian services," pointed out Transport Controller T. C. Lockwood, last week. when ap- pealing to Canadians to refrain from unneces- sary travcl and to curtail conventions, trade shows and other gatherings. “The next few months will be critical, with the invasion of Europe ini- minent,” said Mr. Lockwood, "and strenuous efforts will be needed to keep the railroads functioning at peak efficiency. Organizations and associations are in a position to contribute very materially to the war effort by foregoing non-essential conventions.”

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Australian irritation _(ivhich took Premier to \\':tsh’iigtoii cu route to liiiglzuitl) at US. critic- isms of the reduction in the Army is justified. Britain has I4 per cent of her population in the aymed forces; Australia I2 per cent; Canada 7 pcr cent; U.S. 6 per cent. Civilian production per capita is high iii Attstralia-thc effort to produce for war being at least as well developed there as in either of the other three countries. In actual fighting, Australia has sustained cas- ualties amounting to 1.! per cent of her popu-

lation; Britain .97 per cent; Canada .i6 per 5

cent: LY S. .13 per cent. Whoever has been shirking between September, I939, and the pre- sent day, it has not been the Australians, and they were fighting, bitterly and effectively, long before japan attacked‘ thfm.‘

Messrs. McTaguc and Borden, says The Lct- ed

tor-Review, will bring added prestige to the Pro-Con organization. Both are outstanding citizens; patriots; of great intelligence and high principles. Mr. .\lcTague's presence means that labour will bc absolutely certain of a fair deal from the Bracken Government. It is to be hoped that lie realizes that the first task of that Government is to re-distribute income as be- tween urban labour and the farmer. Mr. Bor- den is adequate for the task of replacing Mr. Hon-c. The hope in this case is that he under- stands cxactly hoiv serious the consequences of i\lr. Howe's extravagances have been, and also how determined the Canadian people are to get rid of wartime controls as rapidly as possible.‘

The British Barlow commission have rccoin- mended the further development of existing small towns as a means of decentralizing industry, and the Scott Commission appointed by the Govern-

ment have stated that where mobile industries m,“

are brought into rural areas they should be located in existing or new small towns. _ The enthusiastic planner wishing to start with a clean sheet will naturally favour the idea of new small towns, writes the town clerk of Bcwdley. Anticipating this the Scott committee state: “In oiii- view it ivoulcl be wasteful and against the national interest if such industries should be encouraged to go into country areas before tir- ban sites which should be developed have been taken tip." Country towns already have public $(‘l'\'l(‘(‘S and are ripe for development, and can play an important part in posf-ivar recoiistruc- tinn if statutory direction is given to the loca- tinn of decentralized industry in accordance with the recommendations of the Barlow com-

mission atirl Scott committee. \\'liat is sound sense for Britain is equally sound for ‘Canada.

llotos By Tlio Way »

Under war conditions. our women becoming t

or t . We see num- bers of them w on half l. hat st l. tImé.—KIl'£hCl19I Record.

The some tonnage of coal ls promised for next winter no was distributed In the winter out. But can the control authorities promise the same mild Mnterf-St. Cath- arine; Standard. _

If you feel dissatisfied wIth the progress we're making In the wiu. remember the time whens thou-

sometlslnn that. made headlined-Windsor Star.

The IIIII day PIIIIIQ Mink r Churchill was back 1n Iandon he had luncheon with the KIM. I'm- a. man who la sometimes said to be a dictator Mr Churchill alvavs shows a scrupulous respect for the Dower of throne and parliament. _. Ottawa Journal.

We note sum pgoplg, unduly those of s. certain political strloe. who are artzufna that. the individual farm as we have 1t. to-day. Is not etIlclent. and that collective farms would be better. Well, how about collective stores collective stations, collective If efficiency Is _ the family and the family farm are to no out. the window. then we can Drebare for tremendo changes in the IIIDUIO.—LGLIIIJI‘I(IRB Herald.

Take a pear, a knife and a watch. Peel the bear. cut lt neatly Into quarters and time the two oner- atlone. the Australian News Letter sukkests. Ten seconds? Five and a blt for the first and four and a blt tor the second’! Less than 10 sec- onds will beat. the average speed of

bound. clue of bears fri 23

Her record ls 2.1. cases tavbrcxl-

matolv i168 oersi hi a day. Her

nveripge ls 19 and she makes £10 a ee .

One reason for the trust the de- positors have 1n the bankers lies 1n the fact that. the bankers keep the depositors‘ business ln strlctiest confluence. We have heard of ambl- tious canvassers for bonds endeav- orliiz to get some idea of the size of indtvluual depositors’ batik oc- couznts. but. we have vet to hear of a banker izlvfna as much as a silent hlnt. about such information. Call it ethics or what vou like. but that ls scmethlniz that just Isn't done in bakhiizlnz circles-St. Thomas Times Journal.

We can see clearly now that Rus- Slfl 1s lnslsttne Dosslonatelv ori her rhzht to make what. disposition she chooses of her boundarv question and that she means to allow the other Allied Powers no opportunity to mistake her meaning. That ls- sue. or that difference of opinion.

1t ls a difference, ls thus spread ce. At. least

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forth for everyone to we cannot accuse the ussfan Gov- cmnient of double - saline’. With the issue thus defined. lt is possible

tnk more clearlv about 1t and ask ourselves ivhether we should be wise or foolish to press the point- Baltimore Sun.

The body appealing for books for the Services to make good the mil- ltoirtost. lll a recent air rain Is the tvllfllfiuit’ of Suptltvs uirectcrate of Salvage nnid tvecovcity. Its "book recovery and salvage campaign" has coitccteo tsu,0.iu.w0 books and magazines since its opening in Oe- tooer, 19oz. largely trirouizn local "drives." out also through the sys- tem bv wnich Lne iiuione can hand guts unwrapped over uost office counters. ADJUL a niilllon a month 20 to the forces. which inotuae me Merchant navy and the ‘women Services. Others fro to bomb-dam- aized public libraries, and those that cannot be used for either of these destinations nre ieuulned to matte munitions. Manchester uuardlan.

The British Empire, It has been said, is an act of faith. But faith on the tloo of world qcstiny ls In ftsclt‘ not enough. Sustaining it there must be ivorks; determination bv till of us to _|:l\’C 1t substance b.v that practical co-oneratfon through which alone the British Commonwealth can oozitlnue to do 800d. It 1s not a question of rlgld machinery: least of alt a question of one part of the Commonwealth playing the part of the predomin- ant partner. is a question of equality for all and co-operatloii by all. with compromises and some spirit of sacrifice on the part. of all to achieve the noel of] K002i. That.

i

earth. should not be above the wit.

of our race. Not if there be izood-

xwilll to begin with-Ottawa Jour- a . .

Our own theory 1s that. every age ls Nautzhty. and that nothing alt.- ers from decade to decade .or from century to century. but the fash- ion. The uman race mnv be divid- lnto t o matn div1sl0ns—those 15th vltallty and those whose vltalltv is low. Those who have hlith vitalltv are the ones who make a stir 1p the world and they may do so cithcr bv being excep- tionally vlrttious. or by iimduclnz works of qenlus. or bv being tin- usually tlav and nuiuzhty. ‘The sec- ond group-the low vltalftv people qslmnlv follow the fashlmi. 1t 1a fashionable to be stood, pretend tn be 100d; if 1t. is fr: ;.onnble to be nautzhtv-as it was. or instance. fn the refizn of Char- es II-thev are consnlentlouslv vic- ous-Peterborourth Examiner.

American contempt for our cof- fee makfntl. and bride 1n their own. him recently been lllust-mted by the establishment ln a back street. 1n the Northwest area of a United States Armv Coffee Rnttonlnz Depot. Two mroorals and n pri- vate are 1n charge of this institu- tion. and their names are Inscrib- ed under the name of the depot. 'l‘here 1s no denying, that Americans do. as better coffee than we ln Brltal but. Dosslblv we shall Improve as

F

e marches on. Even 1n the Unf-

ted States. at one time. coffee was

terribly . In an earl Western

minim town. for examp e. n. be - ed "s ealsfiwt.

its eating-houses w flel-nllv bv the name o which the inlners ca srulllon." A ntlricr would say to the wttress. after liquid, "Well. miss. lf this la give me tea: nut. 1f it's tea. iclve me coffee-Manchester Guardian.

Is a vllamln n food or a chem- first‘; The arimernt: that question tlreat D0 me to era

and driuggtsts. isluoc on It. vtfllTcde. bend WIIICII groin: of retailers will sell this increasnnzlv important and orofltable line of

rue tmAizLrri-"frrown ouititmm

n; reason: The

Maritime: Slighted

years I938, 1939, 1M0. 1M1. 1942 and I943. We can find out from this what these antes were tn British 091111111115. 1515"“. Saskatchewan. MIXIIIDIII. 911M110 and Quebec _. but we cant ftnd out what they were ln New Brunswick. Nova Scot. fa and Prince Edward Island. The three eastern provin- °es Bro lumped under one heading- Imve I’ e a place called ‘Marl-

If lbiwere the first tlnlo this nod IIBDPBIIQCI. We wouldn't, wlate words Wmlllfllnlhz- But 1t ls not. by- any mariner of means, the first; time, It isn't even thle hundredth time

o

Edward Island together h“ gone on for too many your, ls getting all too common, and we would 11kg 1t; stopped. We also note. and deplore, a tendency on the part of politicians at. Ottawa to combine New Bruns- wlck Nova. Scotti: and Prime m- war Island under one heading when they are making speeches- nnd particularly when they are talking about expenditures on war contracts.

And we'd appreciate 1t very mp0‘); if Ottawa would keep this 1n m n .

An Invitation To Reconciliation

(Montreal Gazette) The Prime mtnlsters of the do-

- rnfntons who are about to meet hi

conference 1n London have declared themselves on their general outlook for future Commonwealth relations. The opinions expressed by the Prime Minister of Canada are con. sirlclwslv out of accord with the 0 mien-i expressed by the Prime

nlsters of Australia, New zeal. and and South Africa. Now. it, ls clear, they are no less out of ace- 0rd with the opinions expressed ln the HBUSe cf Commons on Friday by the Prime Minister of Great; Bliltiltiiitd

I1 6t? .th speech de b 1 Minister Clhiirctiill iriiiliides ihlbioiiii by point refutation of the objections to n closely organized Common- wealth that Mr. King raised in his statsmeitl. on Canada's foreign policy tn January. Possibly M13 Churchill did not have Mr. Kim: 1n mind. Perhaps, s5 i155 been Suggested. he ivas taking note cf the similar objections raised rec- cntly by thc L-aborlte Dally Herald. Nevertheless. ttie conflict or hi; views and those of Mr King are certainly striking when the texts B"! Placed slde by side.

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Said M1‘. Kins: "What would seem now to be suggested ls that the nrime Canadian commitment Shvllld be t-o pursue hi all matters of external relatloris....a common B01105’ to be framed-and executed by all the gcvermrients of the common. wealth _ I maintain that ...such a COIIQFDLZOH runs counter to the cs- tablittmient cf effective world sac- urlty, and tlicrcfcrc ls oppcscd to the true interests of the common- wealth itself.

Said Mr. Churchill: "Some ass- ume that there must be an inherent antagonism between it world order l0 K089 ptaco and the vast, natural or federal organization ivhlch will inevitably be in existence. I do not,

.5 believe this is true. Both the world

order and the great: organization may be so fashioned as to be nt part of the same tremendous whole."

n . .

Said Mr King: “Bcltltid the con. ccptlon expressed by Lord Halifax and Reta Mershiil SmIQZS there ‘lurks the idea of ineintable rivalry be. tween the great powers. Could Canada. situated as she ls geograph. ically between the United States and the Soviet Union, and at m; srime time a member cf the British Commonwealth. for on: irioment give support to such an idea?"