THB ENGLISH AS COLONIZERS

LAST EVENING BEFORE THE INSTITUTE BY WILLIAM

A PAPER READ EDUCATIONAL KENNEDY.

‘The Dutch have taken Holland.” This very original remark is often made by would-be witty persons when asked the news, and they always laugh as though they had got off a new and good thing. Yet, after all this, history tells us that

THE ENGLISH “‘TOOK' BNGLAND.

In 449 swarms of the progenitors of the present English race, toe Pilgrim Fathers of that day, invaded Britain in the so-called “ships,” which were simply long, undecked boats, prepelled by oars. Froude, the Historian, recently visited Christiania, in Norway, and describes one of these crafts as follows :-

A VIKING’S SHIP.

One real wonder we saw and saw again at Christienie,and could not satisfy ourselves with seeing It weeaviking's ship; an authentic vee sel in wii h, while Norway was still heathen, before >*. Olaf drilled hia people into Chris tiani*y with sword and gallows, a Norse chief and bis crew bad travelled these waters, and in which, when he died, he bad been laid to rest. it had been covered in with clay which had preserved its timbers. It had been re- covered almost entire— the ves-el itself, the oars, the boats, the remnants of the cordage, even down to the copper cauldron in which he and his men had cooked their dinners; the names, the oge, the character of them all buried in the svil, but the proof surviving that they had been the contemporaries and coun- trymen of the ‘‘Danes," who drove the Eng- lish Alfred iato the marshes of Somersetshire. Our yacht’s company were as eager to see this extraordimary relic as ourselves. We weut ina body, and never tired of goimg. It had been found fifty miles away, had been brought to Christiania, and bad been given in eharge to the university. A sold weather-proof shed had been built for it where we could study ite structare at our leisure. The first thing which st ack us all was the beauty of the model, as little resembling the old drawings of Norse and Saxon ships as the figures which do duty there as men resemble human beings. Winite, «f Cowes, could not baild a vessel with finer lines, or offering less resistance to the water. She was eighty feet long, and seventeen and a half feet beam. She may have drawn three feet, scarcely more, when her whole complement was on board. She was pierced for thirty-two ours, and you could see the marks on the side of the row- locks where the oars had worn the timber. She had a-ivgle mast, stepped in the solid trunk of a tree. which had ‘ n laid along the kee!. Her knee timbcrs were strong; but her planks were unexp+ctedly slight, scarcely more than half an inch thick. They had been formea by careful splitting; there is no sign o: the acticn of asaw, aud the ens of them had been trimmed off by an axe. They had been set on and fastened by iron nails, and the seams had been carefully caulked. Deck she had none—a level) floor a couple of feet below the gunwale ran from stem to stern. The shields of the crew formed a bulwark, and it was easy t» see where they had been fixed. Evidentiv, theretore, ehe had been a warship; built for fighti: g, not for carrying cargoes. But there was no shelter, and could have been none; no covered fore- castle, no stern cabir. She stood right open fore and aft to wind and waves; and though she would bave been bueyant in a seaway and in the heaviest gale would have shipped little water, even Noreemen could not have been made of such impenetrable stuff that they would have faced the elements with no better protection in any distant expedition, That t who sailed in her were to some eXtent careful of themselves is accidental] certain. Among the stores was a plank wit cross-bars nailed upon it, meant evideutly for landivg on a beach. One of our men, who was guick at inferences, exclaimed at once: “These fellows mu t have worn shoes and stockings. If they had been barelegged they would have jum overboard and would not have wanted a landing-plank” Her rig must have been precisely what we bad been lately seeing on the Sogne or Hardapger; a single large sail on a equare yard fic for raening before the wind, or with the wind slightly on the quarter, but useless at a closer point. The rudder bung over t' e side a few feet from the stern, a heavy oar with a broad blade and short handle, shaped so exactly like the radder of the Roman ves- se!s in Tr+jsn's colamp, that the Norsemen, it is likely, had seeu the pattern somewhere and copied it. Such is this strange remnant of the old days which had suddenly start+d iato life. So vivid is the impression which it creates, that it is almost as if some Sweyn or Harold, in his proper person, bad come back amoug us from the grave. If we were actu- ally to see such a man we should be less couscious, peraaps, of our personal superiority than we are apt te imagine. A law of com- pensation tibuee us tarough our intellectual and mechanical progress. ‘The race collect- ively knows and can exeente immeasvrably greater things than the Norsemen. Individu- ally they may have been as ready and intelli- gent ascurrelves. The shipwright certainly who laid the lines of the viking’s galley would have something to teach as well as to learn in the yard of a modern yacht-builder.

From the fjords and estuaries of Jutland and Norway, hordes of Engles, Saxons and Jutes crossed the narrow sea to Britain, in these swift ships. They were freebooters, which is only a refined name for piratee, sec king in a more hospitable clime than that of their own native homes, for the rich spoils they were sure to tind, and lands more fruitful. it is almost needless for me to repeat before this audience, the well- known fact, that these three tribes,

THE ENGLES, SAXONS, AND JUTES,

after a time, united under the name “English;” around which name clusters much that is great, good, and glorious. For four hundred years after Julius Ceosar’s descent upon Britain, in the fifty-fifth year before Christ, the Roman sword, secured

PEACE AND PROSPERITY to Britain. Trade and commerce flourished and consequent riches increased. At the opening of the fifth century the Roman soldiery were withdrawn to defend Italy from the Goths. The Saxon pirates seized the opportuvity to make descents for plunder on the eastern and southern coasts. In the year mentioned, determined to make a per- manent foothold in the country, by the usual promises of land and p«y, a band of Warriors was drawn fer the purpose from Jutlend, with two ealdormen, Hergeet and Hors», at their head. “If by English his- tory,” gives Professor Green, ‘we mean the history of Evglishmen in the land which from that tim they made thrir own, it is with this land ng of Hengest’s war band that English history begins.” + abell try © consicer THE CAUSES

whieh have frow that day to this led the

# ih rae on to snecesss but, before pro

fe ror oe a tt Ns ae NE OO

| to call it such, by having listened to the _learned, eloquent, and humerous lecture by Rev. G. W. Hodgson, in the Y. M. C. A Hall. The Rev. gentleman was not sure that republics could be successful as colonizers, and instanced the fact that the Romans only planted colonies successfully, or to any great exvent, in the age of their Emperors; and he attributed, in a great measure, the great success of the English to sentiment, or love and veneration for the sovereign, which has bound the Empire together. This was his idea, so far as | could gather, given in my own words.

I totally differ, with some trepidation of course, with the learned and Rev. gentle- man. Unlike the French, especially, the English never go to war for an idea (Colo- nization means war and conquest). Some material object, small, or great, or grand, they always hold in view. It is not ‘sentiment,’ but self-interest, which im- pels them; and while the army and navy of Britain is a shield for their protection at little or no cost to themselves, the colonists will always venerate the good Old Mother country. And as to whether repub lies or monarchies are most successful in colonization, I think there is but one answer to the question, realizing as we certainly do, the full measure of English success in establishing and maintaining colonies. I assert that the English are, and at the first were,

REPUBLICAN TO THE CORE,

but not Democratic or Radical. In the language of Abraham Lincoln, in his ever- memorable oration at Gettysburg, he simply but grandly proclaimed what the English people have always believed in—a ‘‘Govern-

ment of the people, by the people, for the people.” In support of this idea we find that the early English

chose or elected their leaders. Just so far as these ‘‘aeldormen,” or ‘‘oarls” governed in the interest of their followers, and for the publie good, they rendered them fealty ; but the opposite course ex- posed these leaders to death or deposition Afrer the subjugaiion of Britain, and its consolidation into one kingdom, the Kings gradually assumed despotic power, in imitation of the monarchs of the continent; bet in 1214-16 Magna Charta was wrung from King John, and many of the early privileges and liberties restored. Later, Charles the First, a believer in the ‘‘ Divine Right of Kings,” endeavored to fill and empty the public purse at his own sweet will. The people demurred; and when he persisted, they cut off his head. The doctrine or dogma of the ‘‘Divine Right of Kings” rolled into the grave with his body. The rule of the people was re-established. And still later, when James the Second at- | tempted to follow somewhat in the foot- | steps of his father, the people set him adrift | im an open boat in the English Channel, ‘and in which conveyance he reached the shores of France. From thence he departed | to that bourne whence no traveller—or King |} —-ever returns. From the time of Wiliam | and Mary, the people have ruled in reslity, |and to every demand by the public voice the sovereign must bow. No peeple can show more veneration for their king or queen than the English, but their Sovereign must deserve it. Lethe or she forfeit that loyalty, and the people will quietly place them where they can do little harm. The ecaffold is a thing of the past ; but exile and obloguy will surely do the work. The

ONE GREAT CAUSE

why English colonists venerate the Mother- land, England, and the Sovereign is, that they are permitted te do almost as they lease in the way of self government.

he ‘‘Home’ authorities simply guide and and assist their efforts. Unce England made a great mistake the result of which was, the Independence of thirteen of the American Colonies. English colonists never did nor ever will submit to too much dictation from ‘‘ Home ;’ and their self interest always largely overbalances ‘‘ sen- timent.” I will now as tersely as possibile give

MY REASONS

for the continued success of the English as colonizers, First—their sturdy bodies, capable of much endurance. Second— their practical common sense, and their superior general mental capacity. Third— their indomitable pluck and perseverance. And fourth—the greatest of all, their un- swerving love of liberty. It must be con- fessed, however, that this love of freedom they

LIMIT TO THEMSELVES

at firet ; but they extend it in time to those people whom they subdue or civilize,when they are ripe for it.

THE SAME SPIRIT

which dominated the race in early times prompts it to-day. They seize upon and amalgamate or engraft on their own common-sense usuages, al] that is best among the people with whom they are thrown— language, institutions, manners, customs ; but their sturdy English ideas of life stand out prominent and ahead and above all others. 1 have in my mind’s eye

THE MANNER OF MEN

who came over to Britain in the viking ships. The same type of men, born and nurtured in England, we see in our own community. I[ recollect many who have passed away since I came to the Island, and I have seen many representatives of the type in other parts of the Continent. They are short and sturdy, with barrel- shaped bodies, their heads projecting from one end, and their legs sticking out of the other. Of course the upper and lower parts of the body are sufficiently curved to give shapeliness to the extremities. Their “provision department” is capacious enough to receive large quantities of beer, and bread, and beef, wherewith to nurture the frame and mental organization. The chest dimensions are large, giving plenty of room for sound and vigorous lungs to utilize the egone, and oxygen, and other nutritious and necessary qualities of the miles of atmosphere which surrounds our earth. It is physically impossible for these men to become round-shouldered or hollow-chested, and consumption is an utter stranger to them. They are

A HARD HEADED, DOGMATIC, CONCEITED BACB.

Place half a dozen, or half a dozen hundred of them, anywhere on the globe, and they are perfectly willing to govern the rest of the human race cr races, avd are always well satisfed that they are fully competent todo so. The success which has a't- nded them shows that they are pretty correct in their estimation of themselves

Af'er the type of men, we wention, reach

ve ding further }-t me say that I was led to

liny uf vbouybY, if I may be permitied

the down bl! of hfe, they generally assi we

THE DAILY EXAMINE

unless their tailors have made suitable | provision for the rotundity, they show an | ever-increasing tendency to “pull down | their vests,” thus furnishing a true appli- | cation of that slang phrase. In consequence | also of wearing unventilated, stiff, stove- | pipe hats, a good share of hair takes its de-

parture, and they exhibit, as the unfeeling

Yankee described it, ‘‘a good sized skating

rink on the top of their heads.” Punch,

Grip, and other comic illustrated periodicals

always represent John Bull as a short, hale,

hearty, well-fed, corpulent, choleric,

self-satistied gentlemen, with a well scraped

chin, and nice side-whiskers. It is a

peculiar fact, however, that the sons of

these men, born on this side the water, do

not show so much dimension of chest, and

become rather elongated ; answering sume-

| what to the description of her son, given by

the old Scotch woman, that ‘‘he wasna’

muckle tae and frae, but vara muckle up

and doon.”” Perhaps there is here a study

fer physiologists.

I have already intimated that the race have always shown a great deal of ‘‘cheek,” but I now have to speak of another charac- teristic, that is, their boundless expanse of jaw. ‘Tak, has always been the safety- valve of the Enylish people. They brought with them to Britain the custom of as- sembling together to discuss schemes of public interest, and devise measures to cor- rect public grievances. These early meet- ings were the nucleus from which sprang that ‘‘talking shop,” the British Parliament. In this connection, Professor Green, the historian in speaking of early English days says: ‘“Talk is persuasion, and persuasion is force, the one force which can sway free- men to deeds such as those which made England what she is. The talk of the village Moot, the strife and judgment of men giving freely their own rede and setting it as freely aside for what they learn to be the wiser rede of other men, is the ground- work of Eughsh history.” Ths race have always acted up to the betief that ‘In the multitude of counsellors there is wisdom.”

Here let me say that I trust that the citizens of Charlottetown will not mis conatrue the quotation, nor misspell the ' word counsellor, in the coming civicelection. |The would-be City Councillors are many in | number.

THR HISTORY

of English colonization is comprised in four great epochs or movements. The first, that of the invasion and conquest of Britain, which I have briefly sketched. The second and third, that of the colonization and conquest of India, and the colonization and subjugation of North America—these two,as weil as the fourth, the colonization of the great Pacific {slands, were carried on sim- vitaneously, but the commencement of each of these three movements was at different dates. It would take too much time to mention even the leading incidents connected with Lord Clive, and those before and after his time in India. It is sufficient to say that a handful of English- men subjugated that Empire, and that Queen Victoria is Empress over 200,000,000 East Indians; that British supremacy has worked wonders for the natives of that country; that the brutality, fereciousness, and terrible despotisms of the native rulers have given place to mild English rule; and large territories which once were howling wildernesses, made so by bad Government, are now fruitful and thickly popu- lated, and railways now penetrate the coun- try, and enormous works for the necessary storage and accumulation of water are being erected throughout that too arid land. Of the COLONIZATION OF AMERICA

it would be superfluous for me to particu- larize. Our little colony here, is one of the outcrops of that movement. Will anyone dare to say that the colonization of America by the English has been a substantial failure in any pait? I think not.

Of the success of the Exglish Colonies in the Pacific no intelligent person is ignorant.

Before I close, I must mention one other trait in English character. It must be ad- mitted that they are

a FIGHTING RACE.

No pusillanimous people, or those very

sensitive concerning the rights of others, could have accomplished what they have done. It was only after some centuries of hard-fighting and sanguinary battles, that they finally subdued the early Britons Their race propenrity was thus further stimulated ; and to show that the English have not deteriorated or degenerated in this respect, the late brilliant campaign in Egypt, terminating with the impetuous and glorious assault on the fortifications of Te)-el-Keber, sufficiently testifies. I might pursue this subject much further, but you all no doubt are ready to repeat after Pat, when soundly berated by his good wife, ‘‘ faith, we’ve head enough.”

ourselves responsible for the opinions or statements of our correspondents.

anaes ersten gemma Oe neat

Ward 2 Election.

To the Editor of the Examiner.

Sin,—Ia reply to your correspondent, I beg to say that if Mr. Douse is elected and seeks for power to place the taxes on the tenants, and votes for the Income and Personal Property Tax, that, although personally opposed to these taxes, I do not at present, see how I can avoid voting for them, as it appears to me to be fair to assume that Mr. Douse being elected to the City Council, a majority of the electors of Ward 2 are in favor of these taxes. I am sir, Yours ete., Wa. Murpuy.

Ch’town, Jan. 20th, 1883.

The “Poor Man” Wakes Up.

To the Editor of the Examiner.

Sizx,—Your correspondent, ‘Ward a” might have s‘ated that not only the poor man’s furnitrre would be taxed, but also his cow and his pig will be included in the Poisonal Property Tax, which will be levied Ly Donse, Tanton, &e.

Yours, Pook May. Ch’town, Jan. Y0th, 1883,

— SD OD 0 eee

Horsford’s Acid Phosphate LEMON ADE. De ©. C Op wsrean, Milwaukee, Wis,,

& protuberance in front, which commences

says :—'‘'I use several bottles,

abvud the third burton vf the Wailwicvat, and sunually, as lemonade il

in my family, prize it highly,”

rl LALA

W. & A. BROWN & CO

month of January and

ILL close out (during the Beste:

February) the balance of their large

WOOLLEN GOODS,

Including Shawls, Squares, Clouds, Scarfs, Children’s Hoods,

Ulsters and Underwear, Ladies’ Vests, Mitts, Cuffs, Hosiery, Gents’ Cardigan Jackets, Gloves, ete.

Dolmans, Mantles, Uisters,

Fur Goods nd Millinery Goods.

aa zh

and Tapestry Carpets and Hearth Rugs,

AT A LARGE DISCOUNT.

GREAT BARGAINS MAY BE EXPECTED.

Ch’town, Jan, 18, 1883.

———

A

JANUARY.

STOCK TAKING,

———- —0:0--—-——-—

BEFORE

lots of Goods in every Departiment:

A Lot of Ladies’ Dress Goods,

A Lot of Clouds and “carfs,

A Lotof Mews scarfs,

A Lot of Tweeds and Heavy Clotas, A Lot of Mantle and Uister Cloths,

A Lot of Fur Caps Mitts and Gloves, A Lot of Mews and Boys Ulsters,

A Lotof Winceys and Flanneis.

J. B&B. MAt DONALD.

*¢>° ae oe es . .

the Chest or Package.

J. &. MACDONALD,

Ch town., Jan. 10, 1883 —wkly pat, prea ne Queen Srrerr.

50 Bris. GRANULATED SUGAR,

50 do. CUONFECTIONER’S A SUGAR, 25 do. VACCUM PAN do., 150 do. YELLOW SUGARS (Assorted),

10 Hhds. WEsT INDIA SUGAR,

2 do. VACUUMPAN do,

50 Purs. CHOICE MOLASSES,

10 Tierces GOLDEN SYRUP,

100 Bris. PASTRY FLUUR (Hexel),

300 do. PATENT PROVESS FLOUR, 1000 do. SUP. EXTRA MARITIME ROSE, 100 Half Chests CONGOU TEAS,

30 = do. INDIA TEA,

50 Caddies TOBACCO,

AT LOWEST WHOLESALE PRICES. HORACE HASZARD.

100 Quintals LARGE CODFISH,

50 do. No. 2 do. 100 do. No, 1 HAKE, 20 do. No. 1 HADDOCK,

50 Bris. No. 1 HERRING, 50 do. No. 2 do., 25 Half-Barrels No. 2 HERRING, 10 Cases PRESERVED SALMON, FOR SALE BY HORACE HASZARD.

TIN PLATES INGOT TIN, etc., 750 Cases TIN PLATES, 14x 20, 250 do. do. 10 x 14,

80 Ingots REFINED TIN,

50 Pigs SOFT LEAD,

5 Bars SQUARE COPPER, 1} and I} in.,

1000 Cases TALL (1 lb.) CANS, FOR SALE BY HORACE HASZARD.

2 Tons WHEAT SHORTS, 2 do. do. BRAN, 1 do. CHOPPED FEED, FOR SALE BY HORACE HASZARD.

WHITE COTTONS, GREY COTTONS, PRINT COTTONS, PLAIN WINCEYS, GREY BLANKETS, WOOL UNDERCLOTHING,

AT LOWEST WHOLESALE PRICES.

HORACE HASZARD

Lower Water Street.

Charlottetown, Jan, 4, 1883.—lm

L. HH. PROWSE

Will, for the next Two Weeks, give

SPECIAL BARGALNS,

—IN~

Men’s Overcoats, Reefers & Ulsters, MEN'S FUR CAPS Tweecs, Winceys, Wool Squares, Scarfs, Sacques, &e

Wxse> Everyone should call and see those Goods, as Great

Bargains will be given. L. E. PROWSE,

Ch’town, Dec. 19, 1882. 74 Queen Street.

Also, the remainder of their Choice Stock of Scotch, Brussels,

ANNUAL GLEARANCE SALE

J. B. MACDONALD will, during this month, clear out

Also, 100 Chests of Fine Congou Tea, very cheap, by

WEST INDIA WARENCUSE |

R, JANUARY 20 1883.

t

Wednesday, 31st Jan

| To H. J. Collbeck, Esquire, High Sma

| tion, I sppoint MONDAY, the 22

holders of THEEXAMINER PuBiisuine Com will be held at the office of the newspaper, on WEDNESDAY, the January, inst., at the hour of eight o the evening.

WANTS,

T

lady at Tremaine s sale on Thursda: last, is well known to the owner, an exposure and punishment had better the same to Mrs. Archd. McKinnon, | Queen Street.

Chain. Apply at this office.

ANTED—A situation in a D

this office.

inane cee eat

GRAND

CARNIVA

NHE Virectors of the Cj Rink have pleasure in

Annual Skating

TO TAKE VLACR AT THE RINK

ue

tizens’

Thursday, ist Feb AT EIGHT O'CLOCK,

REGULATION

All parties intending to take enter their names with the Commin. ” later than Friday, 26th inst. a Fach person in costume must be pes f with a legible card bearing *, “character,” such card to be handala. person in waiting, upon entering the te Room. Re ‘The Committee reserve the right to mp any objectionable character, Admiussion— Ticket-holders in e¢ non-ticket-holders in costume, §9 , Spectators to promenade, 35 cents; ;

*

£5 cents. Tickets to be had at A Hall. 3 W. C. HOBK “

‘an, 19.—4i S

Communication vith the

PUBLIC MEETIN

2S

o£

Queen's County.

Sin —We, the undersigned, have te that you will be pleased to call aP MEETING of the Electors of this Git County, to take into consideration ¢! factory and inadequate condition of thoes ing means of communication et Province and the Mainland.

W. W. Wellner, Henry Coe Jokn Ball, William 6

ao

| he

Fredk, Perkins, J. M. Auld, A. W. Sterns, EB. Ww

W. H. Stewart, Geo. J. W

Henry Beer, A. MeNeill, Edward Kelly, W. BH. Aitk F. L. Haszard, John Coom P. R. Bowers, Alexander

Wm. Koughan, Lawrence W, Wag J. C. Sprague, James Hodgson, J, B. Macdonald, George O. Mela

Dunean Me Francis K John Me Patrick Sh

Jus. Knight & Son, Benjamin Hooper, John P. Tanton, John T. Peardon, A. McKinnon, Simon W. Crabbe, John Dorsey,

J. D. Macleod,

Sesrreep

In compliance with the foregoiny ’

{ MY

the Market Hall, ¢ harl.t-etown, at as the hour and place for said Meeti

H, J. CAL

| SULLIVAN & MAGREIM

ATTORNEYS - AT-LAl

Solicitors in Chancery, NOTARIES PUBLIC, &

#

SFeescesoreean

HPA

3 7 *

Sheriff's Office, Queen's County, January 18, 1883.

SeSerscenssescyu

OF FICES~ O'Halloran’s Building, George Street, Charlottetown. Ga” Money to Loan.

W. W. Surtivay, Q. C. Jan. 16, '®3,

FISHERIES, 188

FFXWINES, Herring and Mackerel 3

Qaretreyo >

Cursrsx B.

. A

sss

if ’

-. a

Pi i

BOSTON. Jan. 17, 1883.—Gin. wkly 6i. pat.

rm

Scines, Pounds and Traps, suited : pe Island Fisherics, of the highest qual al thorough Manufactures. Pounds er are becoming popular, as they are @ $' profitable. s al American Net and Twine® - t

a

e = al NOTICE — a

S HEREBY GIVEN that the ANMO GENERAL MEETING of. the

8

ALBERT CARVE Charlottetown, Jan, 18, 1883.-—wkly_

me ct ee i mt ch oe By

SS er eee ee

LOST, FOUND,

HE party who picked a Wallet, ¢ asum of mceney, from the poc

ror

a

OST—Between James Dc sBrisay's and Pownal Square, a Silver Loek The finder will be suitably

[jas

-‘~weanete enor

eee ea

Store, for a yo vg.

or Grocer = F recomme:ded: ‘A

hat can be wel

Peake Bros, & Co.

O LET—A Dwelling Hons ples situated on Prince Street, App

T Hillsborough Street, tenant, Eg

a

O LET—Immediate possession & a desirable residence, situate om Rent low to Apply at the Merchants Bank ® . 1. to Mr. F_ 8S. Moore.

. 7 ~~ ee ee ee ee eee ee at a |. A eet oe

f

Irving, E>quire

O LET—Toe Brick House oD Steget, at present occupied by

co . wee “2 oe fe

apply to Thames W. Dodd,

: Pe session, april -** 4 en