THE EDUCATIONAL HORIZON

l-A SATURDAY FEA TURE~

PRESENTING new AND vmws or wrapper r0 rpscaaus AND ALL ornnas sanxmo Imraovnuasr m apucarrou ‘

A rwiew of the Annual Con- vention of the Canadian ‘reach- ars’ Federation held at Vancou g’. 0.. Augnust‘ 196. by J. A.

In order to keen the members o! our Prince Fclward Island T. F. abreast of developments and pro- gress in the educational field. we shall review from time tc time in the Horizon the various reports and conclusions as were noted at convention. Along with our Pro- vincial report as sent out by our General Secretary. these reviews should help us keep fully ac- quainted with the Canadian edu- cational activities.

CWT. I’. PRESIDENTS REPORT (Dr. Wlllonghbyi)

pr. Willoughby attended the in- itial meeting cf the Canadian and United States Commission on Education at Niagara Falls. which Oonnnissloh he is a her. Disc occurred as how a better understanding be- tween our two nations may be metered. To secure this better understanding. good - will. and friendship among nations. a prac- tical program designed to this end must find its way into the minds and hearts of the teachers. and through them into the lives of the pupils.

FEDERAL AID FOR. ~ EDUCATION

Copies of a letter. drafted by the Committee from the Alberta. Teachers’ Association and the Alberta Trustees’ Association. were sent ‘to Provincial Federations. who further sent them previous to our Dominion election. to each candidate for election to the Do- minion I-Iouse. In view of the Do- mifiion-Provincial Conference. the

e Minister was written to. being urged to give special con- sideration to the financing of edu- cation.

PULL-TIME NATIONAL SECRETARY Although instructed to take steps to achieve this end at our 1944 convention. the Executive could do little until the financial sup- port for such a project is defin- itely assured from all the prov- ces.

v

NOTICE T0

‘Ithe help of the teachers is ask- ed in a survey of the Ma-ritimes for hidden talent in painting or

tching. The groups of the Art Association under- to collect work from chil dren between the ages of ll and 20. This collection must consist of work that is original (not cop- ied) and produced by the com- petitor without any assistance. The competition is open only to those who have no specialized in other than what might be received in a public school.

triesa-retobesent to the

ritime vice-president for P. E. I. Mrs. R. E. Mutch..185 Euston St.. Charlottetown. who will have it judged. Winning selections will be exhibited at the next, an- nual meeting of the Maritime Art Association. Teachers are asked to make this proiect known in their districts.

Complete each sentence by sel- ecting the better word or expres- sion from those in brackets:

The cover of this magazine k ——- (very nice. artistic). 2.

I i} NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ‘L ,1_ m4 1e, m,

ASSOCIATION 2. Spelling match (a) Oral dic-

tation from several weeks’ work

The U- 8. A- plppolfl W by captains. Class may conduct a world Conference o! Ediwlt-bp two or more matches at once. (b)

from the United Nations as soon as world- conditions permit. 01H‘ C. T. F’. has been asked to name one or two delegates to that con- ference.

MAIN BUSINESS OI‘ CONVENTION

Dr. Willoughby then referred to the main items of business that would be brought before the Con- ference for its consideration: Sal- ary Scales; Pension Funds; the Financing of Education; Teacher Training. etc. It was thought that bv giving special consideration to such important topics. we might be able to give a lead which would be very helpful to the Provincial Organizations in their efforts to set up standards that will raise the status of the teaching profb- sion in their own provinces and throughout the Dominion.

We must convince the public of this Dominion of the fact that a high standard of education is ab- solutely vital to democracy. More and more our National Teachers’ Federation is growing in prestige and strength. and more and more it is being looked w for leader- ship in educational matters. The solution of all the great problems that confront humanity is to be found in education. which is not only General. Academic. or Tech- nical. but also in a high standard of moral and ethical education. concerned in the development of self-discipline, co-operation. fair- play. understanding. sympathy. tol- erance. unselfishness. and good- will. We as teachers must give leadership at this time. but only when we have a thorough under- standing of our real duties and responsibilities as teachers.

In closing. Dr. Willoughby ap- pealed for help and thoughtful consideration by teachers for those returned men who are broken in body and mind. We must see that these men have not died in vain. but that the foundations are well and securely laid for that new Canada and brotherhood totf na- tions which is our only hope for a lasting peace.

(To Be Continued)

TEACHERS

ceeding difficult. Lust fierce). I. The girl has -- new dress (an attractive. a nice). 4. Our neigh- bours are —- people. (very nice. charming). 5. We had a —- sail up the Hudson and enjoyed the -— scenery while eating our -— lunch. (nice. pleasant) (fine, un- usual) . 6. We had a i party. delightful. . 7. Elizabeth's new hIat is

i. (nice. becoming). re- matin under the tree -— time. (a. long. uqite some). 9. A Tale of Two Cities is ——- 00k.

lovely. an exciting). i0 For rescu ing the boy John Binns —— a (got. received). 11. By his —— ex-

planations he helped the pupils to understand many difficult prob- lems. (clear. splendid). i2. In the

battle — in the foot. (was wounded. got a wound). Some useful words have been

worked so hard that they are worn threadbare and have little meaning left. Among them are: awful. cute, finq fierce. funny. gorgeous. get, grand. swifll. then, terrible. Very. wonderful, horrid.

_The examination was —— (ex-

PLANT DISEASES

Most of those diseases are caused by parasites. usually known as fungi. growing upon the plant. The fungi‘ draw the nourishmen. from the plant and this prevents its growth, and in many cases destroys its life. Fungi are pro- rpagated by minute organisms cal- led spores. When the spore lhhfs upon a plant upon which it is to live. it sends out a minute thread which penetrates and apparently takes root in the inner part of the leaf or stalk. When perfected each of these minute plants sends forth into the air a multitude of spores which produce another crop. The most injurious fungi are mildews. rusta. smuts and po-

SPELLING

4. The A. B. O Game—A cap- tain for about six pupils. Captains choose teams. Teams go to black- board. Pupils on cash team fol- low in turns writing a word be- ginning with a. b. c. etc. ‘Team with most correctly spelled words pins. Pupils may skip a letter. and next member of team es.

‘ Double Vowel Games-Pupil or teacher writes a word such as "soap" on blackboard. Other ~write all words that they can find lrrtheir lists with on in same. longest list means wins. _

d. The Test-Me Game-Pupils choose two tea-ms and two lead- auch as of articles used etc. Give one onectly used and word. a d two for each

Spelled‘ fir discovered in other team's

‘l. "I am ‘Ilhlnkting of a Word". In the word that you are think in; of M-A-T-C-H. Another pupil flag: ‘ash some queetio Wh zqly is “Yes. I lliA-T-

. en am thigki-ng of H," the one who guesses up and takes

f Opposites: Div- to two teams. A and B.

d, word. 0f three“ letters.

great. lovely. nice.

teto blight.

Prevention of plant diseases re- quires careful study. If the seed is suspected. it should be treated before planting with some solu- tion which will kill the spores. Fields in which the disease has appeared should have the old stubble burned over and be clear- ed of all shrubbery and other ob-

refuge. before plowing for the second crop. Even with these precautions it is wise to plant the field the second season with e different sort of grainJselecting something upon which these spores cannot feed.

(Continued)

2. The Plurals Game-Pupils choose teams and leaders. Teams take places in front of black- board. Each member a singular word in front of other team. Words must be taken from lists previously covered. ‘Ileams return to places in front of black- board. Each membe writes the plural of one of the words. Pupil originally writing the word goes back and makes any necessary correction. Bide making most cor- rections wins. '

3. The Spelling Munch-Pupils choose teams and captains. Each team makes a list of hard words from last two or three‘ words. cap dictates words in turn to pupils at other team. who writs them on black- board. Each team corrects others words. Give one point for each correct word. and two for each cor-

on. 4. The Shorter Word Contest-

pree- ent. or anv letter more often than in a longer word. Give one poim for each correct word and two for each corrected word. ‘ d. ‘The Longer Word Contest. ._ Each member of e team pairs with member of other team. No. l with No. i. E h writes short Others

make u many new words as pos- aible using prefixes or suffixes or both. Count scores for each pupil. one. point for each correct word. and two for each corrected word.

d. The Test-Me Game (explain- ed above). -

Grades VII. VIII. IX Omitted-Letter Game --

but with tese letters t. .. Au

Jects in which the spores may find land

weekrm,

s choose two teams. Each pupil writes all words that he can

l. . "bar-rm reaches . "unelusive glories“ "our birch": "greevious stream litmpty stret- ches of shore; the glories of the departing sun; our canoe: small and winding stream

2. What are the time and the setting of this poem. As the poet writes what points of interest in the landscape catch his eye? Sun- set and low tide at Grand Pre. The shores. the river. the fields nearby.

3. Write a description of becalmed sea based upon that of stanza 2. Memories a pleasant day spent on the river in

Examples of different kinds of

the Adverb Clause:

Principal Clause Adverb Clause He will succeed (because he has

worked hard). cause.

He worked so hard (that he

was quite ill). effect or result.

He took medicine (that he might

get well). purpose.

I will do this (if I am allowed).

condition. He is honest (although he is

The fastest of all horses are the American trottcrs or stand- ard-bread horses. their speed rec- ords for a mile being slightly Isa than 2 minutes. This breed was developed from the English thor- cughbred. which owes much to Arabian and other oriental horses. It is a highly nervous horse. Since only a few horses can be used for

Geese are small layers. the best of them seldom laying more than 30 eggs a year. It would not pay to raise them for their meat ex- cept for the fact that they can for- age for themselves to a great ex- tent. It is generally believed that they thrive best where thev have water to swim in. but some breeds get along very well without it. Toulouse geese. which originated in France. are the largest and most popular breed. They lay l5

Nature Study is natural study. that is. studying by natural met- hods. It is intellectual. physical and moral development by and through purposeful action and re- action upon environment, guided. so far as need be. by the teacher. Memcrizing facts about flowers. birds. insects. clouds and rivers. from spoken or printed words. or even from pictures. has no claim to be called Nature Study. In- formation comes from Nature Studv. and that or enjoyment. usually both. may be what the child seeks: but from the teach- er's point of view the vitally im- portant part of the lesson is the series of activities put forth by the child. The verbal or pictorial descriptions. sometimes served children as Nature Study lessons

Fill in the blanks in the fol- lowing sentences using suitable

or .

1. Robert Walpole came in-to power as a result . 2. To Robert Walpole we owe

our present system of —- gov- ernment. 3. g the reigns of the first twc_ Georges. the kings lost the power of i and the power to choose their i. 4.

The period of wild speculation that took place during George 1's reign was known as -—. 5. Dur- ing the twentv years of his ad- ministration.

be- cause of his opposition to the --—. ‘l. The war that broke out between France and England in i756 is known as the ——. The greatdst

Superannuation. Be it resolved that. as a long-term policy, the Canadian, Teachers" Federation set up a standing committee on superannuation:

(a) To gather and disseminate information of new developments and new practices in this field: (b) to give aid when new plans are being considered in anv province. or when amendments are being drafted. so that such plans and amendments might produce more wtiformity rather than greater diversity: to suggest to Provincial Teachers’ organizations ways in which reciprocal provis- ions might be written into their present acts: (d) to investigate possibilities of exchange of credits between the various prov- inces and to report ways and means by which this could be im- lemented. Recommendation: "That a Superannuation Committee be an ted by the Executive to consist of three m rs. on a

,basis of one member for one year.

one member for two yearn. and ember for three yeerl. and that his committee secure the active collaboration of a. qualified etpert." United f “ organisa- ’tion for Educational Relations: Whereas the United Nations Orl- snination for Educational and Cultural Relations is holding a conference in Landon on Nov/In- ber lst next tc revise the draft

FIRST

Parents often make the mistake of neglecting the first teeth of a child. because they will fell out in any event and are. therefore. so to think. unim fit. No [rut- er mistake. or one more fr: hi. with serious consequences to health of the child. clubs m . These "bag!" teeth should be

LOW TIDE ON GRAND PRE

shock muted h“ m : mmuham°w1y_ . ..-______-,..___ . Audience. ‘gpectators. The a ~ means having heal? will ' I ence hear: e spectators see; I ulgmeana prcunomwm cum . ». “the audience at the leehme boy". hell n ..._ "the spectators at the football ate: wholesome o . ' g ‘ flame", Fewer refers to Jfifiunzii" W391i " ' ‘ flunkdthgh. u, Fewer. lees. - c. thegmhmo; w?‘ ==.=-° ¢"°1°=?'~‘?-“- i‘.“.‘.‘.‘;‘;°."..l:"'.ét..°“i§‘£tit; a: “us: as." *" up. means . t ve u G ‘ ‘ ' '~=.:.-.r...""" "°"“- carts‘ calla."- ............ u: ‘it"s-as’ t." "m -1-1- t» MM» “=- 1- cm- A" we- » . an one‘ . mlg- - - ‘ . ' - spelled. a. seen etnii ‘(Tina m. PRIMARY - SILENT READING i airing pictures m Christmas must act quickly. "m" "I"- Tom And nu Horse . u m. doom" boy a. 4 The r u“ “co no“ - We are still promising delivery on pictures a. zen]? y?‘ age‘). M ! m“ 10$; other harsghDottibg-hl" d“ Yu-vé-fomd w h” m taken today. Tomorrow may be too late! i l‘! C m 0 In e3 Y i .

poem? If not. what is? Sad re- membrance.

5. Why is the river referred to as a "meadow stream"? It flows through the meadow land near

Grand Pre.

0. What is the significance of the expression. “and we awoke from sleep“? In the first stanza. the poet mentions the setting sun which has cast its brilliance over the shores left empty by the re- ceeding ti darkness has fallen and the tide is returning.

GRAMMAR

poor). contrast or concession.

He likes you (more than likes) me). comparison.

Men will reap (as thev sow). extent or manner.

The tooth stopped aching (when the dentist came in). time.

We cannot perceive in what re- spect (where the difference lies). R8080 .

We find flowers pected weeds). plac

(he

(where we ex- e.

AMERICAN TROTTER HORSES

raoltlg. most animals of this breed are used for driving in vehicles or for light farm work. Both trot- ters and pacers belong to this breed. A pacer has a peculiar rocking-chair gait. which makes for easy riding. The arpprovecl weight for standard-hr 900 to 1300 lbs. and the is from 60 to 64 inches shoulders. Any color is allowed.

TOULOUSE GEESE

to 36 eggs a year. As a rule. they are poor sitters. The standard weight for genders is 26. and for geese 20 lbs They are gray ex- cept for a white area below and behind: logs and bill are orange. Toulouse geese are the best breed to raise where there is little range and no water for swimming. They are docile. grow rapidly. and are a good meat breed. though having dark pinfeathers.

WHAT NATURE STUDY IS

are only the expressions of some other persons‘ nature studies. In manv lessons. even in good les- sons. it may be unavoidable. or for valid reasons advisable to give some information. but to the ex- tent that second-hand knowledge is used to that extent the lesson falls short of being real Nature Study. Nature Study is the cre- ating and the increasing of a lov- ing acquaintance with nature. The educational value of Nature Study lies in its power to add to our cap- acity of appreciation our love and enjoyment oi’ all open-air objects. Nature Study. ri tly taught. is as good for the intellect as for the emotions. and it touches the volitional and physical powers at more points than most other school studies do.

EXERCISE IN HISTORY

battles were fought in —— and: and the two most famous English generals were —— and --. 8. The foundation of the Empire was laid by ——- who was a great war minister and is often called the ——. I. By -—— Britain had become a great and powerful empire. 10. The greatest achieve- ment of Sir Robert Walpole was the -—-. ll. A great league. known es the ——. was organized by —- and —- to protest against the imposition of taxes on food. i2. The Irish Church was discs- tablished by -~. is. 1's Irish Land Act of 1670 improved the condition of the Irish peasant by providing for ——. 14. Farm lath-

orers received the vote as a re-

sult of the —- Reform Bill which was the work of—-.

RESOLUTIONS PASSED AT THE C. T. F. CONFERENCE (Continued)

and create the United Nations Educational and Cultural Organ- ization envisaged at San Fran- cisco: and whereas the Canadian Government being invited u; send official representatives to the conference: and whereas the C. T. F. is intensely interested m all that tends to develop under- standing and appreciation in the life. tulture. ""1 general well being of the people's of the world;

Therefore be it resolved that this conference of the C. '1‘. l". urge upon the Prime Minister the need for Canada being officially repre- sented at this conference being held in London next November.

committal to study problems on Education. Be it resolved that Half}. 12x5. camrniendsdand urges D 0» D OI n In 000C90- tional bodies to es com t?’ study general problems a on

Time allo‘ for Teachers m EXwui-lve Work. Whereas it is in

t»...

ro tments of Education and loosl lohool Boards be urged to make provision. for this» by grantin a reasonable amount of free me with paytc teachers so enllled.

t THE IMPORTANCE 0F PRESERVING THE

TEETH

suffers.

(I) They act as guides to the permanent teeth. first uiding into place the first (six molar directly behind the second first nltlclerl. Late: 96ml "W!

pace o es 000th- of the first teeth

de: in the final stanza Y

h“ “d the permanent teeth.

Aggravate. Means rnake worse

‘Ibm. said to his dOI. I am your master. Now vou must go slowly"

LONDON — (OP)

Beaverbrook has given £%.000 (112.5110) for rebuilding St. Col- umbia's (Church of Scotland) Imi-

don.

Lord

suits an under-developmw 014*" dill t