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rue BIIABLOWI

4T’ u s. lo ls-r. Vino-President s. a. Inlet‘. IJ-l """"'"'",,f,'i‘,'..,'..-- - Epo- s. ssssalissa, n: s. o. gqlur and Iasaslng Director-J. l. Burnett, I. J. I. - eI-llturu- l-‘nlk Walks: and B. is. Cnrrls a lss-l 0o l advnn eirlellvvvll "3:,',,"‘,.‘.",‘,‘.’.."52"1§......’Jficflf} a...“ (nus UnIted sum anvslnrrsmo laelsasscararrvlrs _ (341111; STATES-Tho Bookwltis Special Anne! inc., ‘Ref Y"! 150B $315.1? "F4511" cwlflssgsby 1"» musing. 7*‘ skol ole-n Bulld- lng, Atlahtar llonadnoek Building, San Francisco; i135 Ne. loll: street, Philsdeiilhil.

THURSDAY. JUN! I5. I038.

Belgium a threat to world peace which left no room fol‘ all AWN“ of paclflsm. His subsequent exper- iencee in trsinlhi and l" the ml" are told without rsncour, but with a keen appreciation of the issues involved and with an unwavering conviction that as a citizen hil plain duty was to fight. In this connection we may citt. llhvlll many quotable passes”. W‘ m1" lowing, descriptive of that depres- sing period in a soldier's life when he ls returning from leave for an- other intoednshls sojourn in the trenches:

"Men asked to act as a screen for their country should be allowed in form a judgment on the wisdom

EEL-GRASS PROBLEM

As a consequence of the shortage oi eel-grass there is reported to have been s marked reduction in the number of northward flying Can- adian brant and geese this year in the Maritime Provinces. It was be- lieved during the past winter that the eel-grass was "coming back" in certain sections but recent invest- igation by officials of the Depart- ment of the Interior show that such reports furnish no valid ground for optimism. The United States as well as the Canadian section oi the Atlantic coast is affected. There is now practically no eel-grass left in the Magdalen Islands, while the destruction of the plant along the

<- —‘-"x‘1t~r‘.';~:‘ -

mainland coast is known to extend north at least as far as Gaspe. The situation is serious. But a‘ ray oi hope comes from France, where scientists announce that they have discovered the bacteria that has caused the destruction of eel- grass on the coasts of France, Hol- land and England. Since the dis- ease is probably the same that has caused the havoc on this side of the Atlantic. news of the discovery of the bacteria-the first step in ef- fecting remedial measures-is reas- suring. The French scientists‘ the-

of fighting. There is an amilllhl- 0! horrm, of cruelty. of strain orl all that is finest in human nature. There is a terrible intensity of suf- fering. The men going back 11D ‘h! line hsd an intimate knowledge of what they were facing. They were, these four men, in this oom- partment, average English boys leaving home once again. Th9)’ sensed the futility of war. They were not to be fooled by propaganda. They were nesr the breaking point and if they could find someone definitely to blame they would

S, ory is tltst these bacteria are pres- shoot at sight. The immensity of

I , ‘ ent in the sea-water, but enter the the law of war where millions shoot eel-grass plant only thrsugh s at millions and none can definite-

lli} wound. 1i this 1s correct. fiexplains ly blame the man or men he was

“f why sound young eel-grass plants sure to kill almost annihilated

f m, grow well up to the size where the m,” bow pgfggnglity, m” N.

. ,2 tips of their leaves begin to become gelled M, gems. g, “my to we}; a

j n, somewhat frayed. but die rapidly af- mess. 1 could feel their view but

i. m“ ter such fraying, which admits the w“ w“ 1n my mm mud our n";

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.' -.;rzrzrsqs-w-_ow-ra-aeecw=r-asess.-y-.c-.-

' decry

ins years 1914-18 entailed.

' titled "Not Mentioned m Despatch-

u»

I geant F. W. Bagnall, now of Van-

‘lrenches before receiving wounds t which‘ resulted in the loss of one

bacteria to the tissues, has begun.

Officials of the Dominion Depart- ment of the Interior as well as of the governments of other countries concerned have been working on the rel-grass problem for some time and it is hoped, despite the progress the disease has made, that through con- certed scientific effort a satisfactory olutlon will be found.

l4 WAR JOURNAL . -

' It is now nineteen years since the outbreak o1 the Great War and fifteen since its termination. As it recedes into history, the mo- mentous experiences of those who participated actively in the conflict stand out in bolder relief. Records of those experiences and of the emotions and reactions which ac- companied them have appeared from time to time, and are of value in direct proportion to the truth which they convey. Truth about war. as about other phenomena, is many sided. War is not an evil to be draped in romantic apparel and lauded as something fine and noble. Neither should it be permissible to the ideals of those who fought in the late war under the specious pretext of discouraging a revival of militarism. Peace can best be served by remembering both

the suffering and the sacrifice, the tragedies and the herolsms, which

Judged from this standpoint, the most recent addition to the already long list of war biographies is by no means the least important. It is en-

es" and is an extremely interesting record of the experiences of Ear-Ser-

couver, B.C., a native of this Pro-

Battallon, 1st Canadian Div- lsion, in 1914, went overseas as a machine gunner and saw over two years of strenuous fighting in the

srm and confinement to hospital (or s, period of several months.

Mr. Bsgnall was associated with Y.M.C.A. work in Montreal when he enlisted. "There had." he Will/ll. "been a Quaker influence in our family upbringing; peace influences hsd been strong." Nevertheless, he

thought must be to win the war. After trying to lead me, as the only Canadian, into the discussion, they asked me directly for my opinion. I finally told them my thorough conviction. Many little rebellions and riots and refusals to fight would be a blank thing for the Al- lies, as the Germans and Austri- ans were yet s. unit in their faith lfl winning and their will to fight. I believed that German labour would not in 1914, nor any time while the war was on, fight against their rulers, because it hsd been for years a part of their training and they believed their philosophy. We just had to, as the old Greeks did, we just had to throw our will into the universal will of the Allies and s.l- low ourselves individually to be sh- nlhilated and continue smashing in this Armageddon. Any weak meas- ures of riots were not to be thought of. It was bitter, bitter, but in my mind the only solution."

A vein of sober philosophy runs through the book. "When in France," writes the author, "I found that the men who kept the best perspective and who had the best fibre, did not make their line of progress depend on wine and the estsmirlets. In locating and getting ones bearings one must try to pick up s distant point as s landmark, keeping this in view, trudge onward over the mass of broken trench, scattered barb wire. remembering where the bridges were or the ditches and learn to distinguish the different rows of Lombardy poplar, which, to the uninitiated, all 100k the same . . . So irl books one must keep his perspective. All the knowledge in the world was not ex- pressed in the last few years. Nor can you pick it up off the street or

' vinre and a brother of Mr. A. B. in the confectionery stores. One Beam-ll. of Charlottetown The must look out for some of the old author enlisted in the 14th landmarks. Poor Woodsworth (s

comrade in arms) would stumble along and slip into every mud hole. He always thought we were turned around. There are many Woods- worths. They stumble through sex and such trash. slipping off the trench into the slime. Would those boarded walks, trench mats, be put in at such terrible suffering and hardship if they were not to be walked on?"

Mr. Bagnalfs story is "a round, unvarnished tale" which by reason n: its nccurateness and detail should Appeal particularly to returned men

[aw m the German invasion of

t v>’~m‘v‘“_

To the general public also it should

prove of value for the very clear inlr ‘ it convey! of the hard- ships which our soldiers went through, and tho spirit which per- meated their actions and oondu st the Iltront. _-

MR. KING'S TRIBUTE

_ ..v"‘..twm‘qu°_ boo newspaper a striking tribute to Premier Bennett. But w. Mac- keusis King hss gone our Quebec contemporary one better in the ro- markable compliment which he paid the Prime Minister at Bellsville last week. In his speech on that ssion the Liberal leader credited Mr. Bennett with being entirely re- sponsible for the Empire trade agreements reached at the Ottawa Imperial Conference. l-Ie said that the Premier, having laid down s tariff policy in i930. hsd compelled all the other governments of s world-wide Empire to fall in line. According to Mr. King, Mr. Ben- nett was the whole conference in himself. He dictated the eches made by the various delegates and the concluslo at which the Con- ference arrived. Neither Mr. Stan- ley Baldwin nor Mr. Stanley M. Bruce of Australia, nor Premier Flolbes of New Zealsnd, nor any of the other ministerial delegates from the ends of the earth had the courage to open his mouth. They allowed the nil-powerful Ottawa dictator to have his own way and in walk upon their prostrate bodies to his heart's content.

Nor did His Mslestyu Ministers from different parts of the world lose their fear and awe of Mr. Ben- nett after they hsd left Ottawa. Upon their return to their respec- tive homes they, one and all, made impressive speeches regarding the success of the Ottawa. conclsve. Nor have they yet ceased to speak in molt euloslwc tel-an of the work dons st mtawa under Mr. Ben- nett's leadership. Only recently the English press reported speeches by Premier Ramsay MacDonald, Mr. Baldwin, Mr. Chamberlain and others, showing how the Ottawa trade agreements lowered the tariff barriers within the Empire. and how the action thus taken set a worthy example to the rest of the world, and even had s great deal to do with bringing about the univer- sal’ economic conference which ss- sembled in Inndon this week.

After this, who will dare suggest that Mr. King is not among Mr. Bennett's sincerest admirers!

EDITORIAL NOTES

A further interesting contribution to the subject of Confederation in Prince Edward Island is made by Professor D. C. Harvey in the cur- rent lss-ue of the Canadian His- torical Review. Professor Harvey's article is based entirelyupon source material read in the Public Archives of Canada and the Public Archives of Nova Bcotia; correspondence be- tween the local government and the Colonial Office, between local states- men and statesmen of the other colonies, journals of the Assembly and council, debates in the Assembly and Council, and contemporary newspapers. The article is a time- ly one, inasmuch as July 1st this year will be the 60th anniversary of the Island's entry into Confeder- ation.

Great interest hss been aroused in scholastic circles by the reported discovery hard by the city of Ath- ens of the site of the academy

founded by Plato about the date 387 B.C. and which hsd exercised a

marked influence upon European thought for some 2.320 years. It was in the gymnasium surrounded by a grove of plane-trees that the intellectuals met to discuss the deepest problems or r life alike in its material and spiritual aspects. And the main results of these snoleht psrieys are embodied in the "Dialogues" of Plato and the "Ethics" of Aristotle, who was him- self s disciple of Plato. and both of them very largely influenced by 50- crstes, the three mlllilll llD B lllld of great thinkers to whom the world in sll ages owes an incalculsble debt for the contribution they have made

to the intellectual progress of man- kind. ‘

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rhr: QI-IARLOTTETOQVN GUARDIAN

nu I so 0| IIIG‘ Ill-ii

d

1g may be tsksu for granted that at the World Economic Conference. where again Premier Bennett will undoubtedly be s dominant figure. he will be one of those who will insist upon action rather than up- on cratory. He does not believe that long drawn out psisvers often get very far, and he may be depended upon to act with those who wish to atsbiliu international exchang- es, revslue gold upwards and fac- illtstc international trade without destroying home industries. As chairman of the Ottawa Confer- ence, which sets the rest of the world s. worthy example of how dif- ferent nations may oc-operate for the common all-round benefit, he is in s position to peak frankly and with authority. If the World Econ- omic Conference follows the lead of the Ottawa. Conference, civilization will be that much nearer to a re- turn of normal economic’ conditions.

At the same time that Mr. King

-was making an oration in Ottawa

on the future of the party govern- ment system of Canada an exchange said: "What we need in Canada is a great cause, a cause which will arouse a. religious devotion, a cause which will scorn to bargain with schemer for their gifts, a cause for which men and women, boys and girls, will give their best, when need be, without pay, s cause which will disclose to men and women their deepest souls. which will vit- alize our anaemic religion, spread everywhere the spirit of comrade- shlp, and clothe our ordinary life with romance.

Even assuming that the chief wheat-producing countries could be got to co-operatein restricting pro- duction the problem would still he difficult. In Canada, for example, control of acreage would mean Government supervision of the crops of hundreds of thousands of farm- ers, s. task which, on the face of it, would appear to be well-night hope- less. It would require an army of expensive inspectors. When in Washington. recently. Mr. Bennett said that he_ favored curtailed pro- duction, but had yet to be told how it could be accomplished. That, we fancy, is the attitude of most Gov- ernment leaders, something which makes ‘us suspect that the problem will have to be left to the law of supply and demand.

It is generally recognised that in times of crisis all countries tend to do s. little less with democracy and a little more with leadership or dic- tation, it amounts in about the same thing. Merl of action are the big requirements in public affairs today.

Until a, few weeks ago President Roosevelt was kept occupied in mak- ing new proposals to Congress and having them accepted in whole or in part. Now it seems likely he will have to fight Congress if his whole plan is not to be wrecked. For it is threatened with wreck by the re- vived soldiers’ bonus lobby, which has induced the Senate to pass s bonus grant o1 $170,000,000, and re- ports are that the House is likely to be even more generous. if this money is voted the President can- not balance his budget. and will be deprived of the sums necessary for expenditure on his great schemes for reconstruction. If it is voted it will also show that the power of the American Government has been taken out of the hands 0f the Pres- ident and put into the hands of whatever minority is bold enough to seize it.

Cures or preventlves for hay fever are announced periodically and must how be almost as numerous as the victims of this complaint. The latest is set forth in the Jour- nal of the American Medical As- sociation by Dr. Leslie N. Gay, of John Hopkins University. This con- junction of names should inspire hope, but it seems to us we have heard of this remedy some years ago. Briefly it may be described as conditioning the atmosphere. "A cabinet ‘ousing s cooling coil, fans and a drip pan, hooked up with an electrically driven compressor, pro- vides in a special room st the un- iversity ah artificial climate as nearly as possible like the refresh- ingly oool’ and pollen-free atmos-

. car and then coming forward and

nun-é

B) Issues W.Bulos.Al.D. PAIN‘ IN THE NECK

One of the common and annoy- ing conditions is "pain in the neck," and many things are blamed for it. I refer to pain inthe back of the neck particularly.

There is no question but that this pain is due in s great many cases to an infection somewhere in the bod,y——teeth, tonsils, sinuses. gall bladder, intestine, or other parts.

Another cause is exposure to ex- tremes of heat, cold, or moisture. Many cases are due simply to sit- ting where a cold wind strikes the neck such as air coming in the side window, striking the back of the

striking the neck.

If there has been a history of in- fection and the pain remains long after the infection has been rw moved, it is possible that the infec- tion has damaged the Joints be- tween the bones of the spinal col- umn in the neck. In this case an X ray of the neck would reveal the condition. -

Sometimes the pain is due to a "rheumatic" condition in the body caused by eating too much starchy foods such as potatoes, bread and pastry. Meat was formerly blamed for this rheumatic tendency.

One of the reasons for pain in the neck that I do not see mentioned is fatigue and tiredness.

For example, if you are sitting or standing, just for a moment imag- ine yourself to be very tired.

What happens?

Your shoulders droop forward and your head droops or drops back- ward. This means a sharp bend in the nrck, and the constant holding of this position tires the neck musc- les. If you want to know how hold- ing one position tires the muscles just hold your arm up to the height of the shoulder with elbow straight. It is only a, few minutes before the big round, muscle forming your shoulder begins to ache.

To relieve pain in the neck, due to any cause, heat, electricity and massage are used. Some physicians recommend a high collar which prevents. the neck bending and thus takes the weight of! the ligaments holding the neck bones together.

I have hsd some success with pat- ients by applying a light canvas ab- dominal belt which, by keeping the abdomen drawn in, pushes the chest forward, draws the shoulders back- ward, arld no strain is put on the back of the neck.

Stand sideways to your mirror and see what happens to your whole carriage when you draw the ab- domen in. The head remains erect, and neck straight, with no strain and hence no pain.

MONEY

When I had money, money, 0g

I knew no Joy till I went poor;

Fill‘ lllI-hy a false man as a friend Came knocking all day at my door.

Then felt I like a child that holds A trumpet that he must not blow Because a man la dead; I dared Not speakto let this false world know.

Much have I thought of life, and seen 3°" 1100i‘ men's hearts are even

The Session At Ottawa

A series of article-i dfllllll Wm‘

tbs business of the recently

‘ _ ‘ session of the Domin- ion Parliament.

r

xvu REIDISTRIBUHON ’ _

The Redistribution Bill will 80v- ern the geographical boundaries of each electoral district for the hell ten years.

Although British l‘ lumbis. will have two additional member! l-Bd Alberta one additional, Nova Scotia loses two seats and New Brunswick one, so that the total Membership of the House of 001111110118 Nlllfllll! the same.

Under the British North America Act, Provincial representation in the House of Commons is based on the population of Quebec. That Pro- vince has a fixed representation of 65, and the quotient .esultl.ug from dividing 65 into the population of Quebec ls the unit of population on ‘which representation in other pro- vinces is based, except that in the case of Prince Edward Island, it is provided that this Province shall have not fewer Members than it has Senators.

By the 1931 Census, the total population of Canada is 10,370,786, and the unit of Population is 44.186, which results in the following rep- resentation for the Provinces:

rruvlnce Population Members Quebec 2,874,255 65 P.E.I. 88.038 4 N. S. 572,846 12 N. B. 408,219 10 Ontario 3.431.683 82 Manitoba 700.139 17 Sask. 921,785 21 731.605 17 694.263 l6 4,230 1 Total .. . 245