SI THE FARMERS DEPARTMENT.

GARDINEKS WORK FOR OCTOBER.

Gardeners are too apt to suspend the use of the hoe, and other means of keeping the upper hand of weeds too early in autumn. In conse- quence of this piece of negligence, purslane, pigweed, couch grass, and other vegetable in- truders, give a very troublesome practical exempliﬁcation of the old adage, that “ Lazy folks takes the mostpatm.” Every weed which escapes exterpation, becomes the parent of a Merous rogeny of pestiferous plants, which spring up ike the heads of the H dra of fa- bulous lore, and monopolize the soi at the ex- pense ofever thing which is good for any- thing. Let,t erefore, the provident tiller re- collect, that a scratch of his bee in time, will save nine. But, we will give a little rhyming, (not poetry) on this subject, with the hope that the similarity of sounds at the close of our couplets, will aid the memory of those for whose use the maxims are intended.

Since the best way of weeding Is to prevent weeds from seeding, The least procrastination

0f any operation

To prevent the semination

0f noxious vegetation

Is a source of tribulation.

And this, in truth, a fact is, Which gardeners ought to practice, And tillers should remember, From April to December.

REMARKS 0N LIVE STOCK.

The following from a. Treatise on Live Stock, by

George Culley an eminent English Herdsman may suggest useful ideas to American Far- mers. h In the ﬁrst place, it would seem that the largest domestic animals are not the best, or most advantageous to the breeder or feeder; because we generally ﬁnd, that the large big- boned cattle and sheep require more and bet- ter food in proportion to support and feed them, than those ofa middling size and small bones; and the larger, bigger boned. and clumsier they are formed the more unproﬁtable they are, while,on the contrary, the truer they are formed, and the ﬁner the bone, the more pro- ﬁtable, as they not only take less food in pro- portion, but feed more readily.

l aver that no large boned animal will feed so quick, or cover so readily and thick with fat ﬂesh as one with a small bone, if well formed. This is the criterion—this is the main principle that we found our judgment upon, respecting all animals, which are to be fatted for the sup- port of mankind; and we can justly say that this judgment is conﬁrmed by near forty years’ experience. Notwithstanding this assertion is made with some degree of positiveness, yet we are not unconscious of its being a new doctrine to the generality of breeders in this Island; and, consequently, will appear surprising and stran e to many old breeders and graiziers. But I ave not a remaining doubt, it the ad- vocates for large bones will make fair and candid trials, the small bones will win or gain the prize nine times out of ten, or rather every time; nay I am inclined to think, that the

small boned, true proportioned animal will pay 44. while the big boned one will only pay 3d. for what it eats. When 1 assert this! would wishto he understood, that I mean from the time of calving or lambing, to the time of kil- ling for the market. because I look u on the grazier, who buys in and feeds, and e that breeds and foods as two very diﬁ'erent people.

M... -..¢——~.-——r' 42‘

THE BRITISH AMERICAN

it is the latter of those that the public are obliged to for that useful observation, of small boned animals excelling large boned ones in feeding; because he sees, watches, and examines the various pushes and improve- ments from the beginning to the end; while the grazier, who buys in his stock is easy, in a great measure, how they are bred, so long as they pay him for feeding. A plain, course, ugly animal may pay him more than a ﬁne well made one; because he buys the course one at a much less price in proportion, and it is of little consequence to him as an individual: but, to his country, to community at large, it is a matter of prodigious importance, much more than has in general been thought of, be. cause the more meat and the less bone, you can produce from a given quantity ofpasturage, tur. nips, cabbage, &c. the better surely, and more months you can feed.

The beef or mutton is ﬁner grained, and sells higher by the p0und; it is worth more to the con- sumer than the other, because it affords more and better ﬂesh and less bone; and supposing the poor are under a necessity of buying the coarse parts in a dear time, it is worth more to them in proportion than the course of the large boned ones, because, though still course it is ﬁner than the others, and has less bone; in fact it is the cheapest and best eatin to the rich, to the manufacturer, and to t e poor.

Even in regard to horses intended for the draught or saddle, those I presume are best in general that are of the truest proportion in re- spect to bone, carcass or formand of a middling size. lthink we may venture to assert, that in those kinds of animals now under consider- ation, and perhaps in most others, there is a certain s mmetry, or proportion of parts, which is best a apted a particular size in each kind. All those of each kind that are above this size, we ﬁnd disproportioned, according to the size they attain to ; and in the degree that they are advanced beyond this line of perfection, we ﬁnd them less active. less strong in proportion, and always less able to endure hardship or fatigue. e ﬁnd all great horses tire sooner than middling sized ones; they are slower in motion, they are more subject to disorders and consequently wear sooner out.

In neat cattle or sheep, we, in general, ﬁnd that the largest are the tenderest, and most liable to complaints ; that they require more and nicer fare, are slower in feeding and worse butchers meat when fed; and they stand win- ters, or inclement seasons, much worse than the well proportioned ones : therefore it is these well proportioned, handsome animals that we would recommend to the attention of the breeders to choose both males and females from if possible,or as near to them as may be. It perhaps,has been owing to the idea of largeness or the wish to breed the biggest in the ditferent kinds of domestic animals, that has so long prevented our breeders from selecting and dis- tinguishing the most valuable kinds : for so universalwas this idea, and so much were we blinded by it, that we did not perceive which were the most valuable animals of each kind. We had no conception of any animal being val- uable or good that was not real. We could not separate those two ideas 0 good and great. Wedid not attend to that symmetry and propor- tion, which so essentially characterize the va- luable kinds of each species, and which seldom, or ever, fail of being the hardiest, and the best thrivers. In short, it was left to this age to make those nicer distinctions, which constitute the able breeder and discerning jud e; and the more these distinctions are attende to and ex- amined, the more they will be pursued; in con- sequence of which improved notions, our

Ito. H

breeders must now necessarily follow tho,e kinds that are most valuable.

Much has been said oflate years abOut short legged stock being the best, particularly neat cattle and sheep ; nothing would go down once but short legs. That little short legged, dwarf. ish breed of sheep, so much, (though undeser. vedly) run upon a few years a o are very pro. perly called by a cousidera le breeder an acquaintance of mine, the gentleman’s shee for though, to those who are not judges, they1 have a pretty enough appearance, yet they will not bear examining oy an attentive and able judge—I mean him who judges by hi. ﬁngers as well as eyes; a method which is out of the gentleman’s line. '

[wish however to caution breeders against the other extreme. I would have them recol. lect the old proverb that all extremes are wrong. Attentive breeders of this day, have, I apprehend, made some sensible distinctions with regard to animals fed and slaughtered for the use of mankind between what they call essentials and non-essentials. They give the former title to the back and sides in particular, as well as the whole proportion of the carcase, always taking in the inclination to make fat... The non-essentials are the legs, ears, horns, tail, 8:0. and even wool and hides; for though these are valuable in themselves, yet they are more to be dispensed with (that is there form size and preportions are of less conse- quence) than the back, sides, &c, Good car- cases are united with thick or thin hides, under long, short, coarse or ﬁne wool, with long, short, thick or thin horns, or cars, 81.0. but no good carcass ever existed without the ._back broad, and sides round, and due proportion and symmetry. But the parts termed non-es- sentials are not to be quite disregarded; for though they are not properly essential, yet they are very often strong marks or indications of good or bad thrivers, &c. as, for instancea thick hide seldom covers a quick-feeding carcass,or a heavy ﬂeece a ready feeding or ﬁne grained carcass of mutton.—Again, ﬁne, small and straight bones in the legs, and thin hides and pelts are almost certain signs of a kindly breed, and ﬁne-grained beef or mutton, 82c. Thus we ﬁnd the thick pelts, and heavy wool in Lincoln- shire cover the coarsest grained mutton we know of; while a variation of the same breed in Lecistershire, highly improved, having con- siderably less wool, and very thin pelts, are— quicker feeders and their mutton is as ﬁne grained and sweet as a mountain sheep. '

ITEMS FOR HOUSE KEEPERS.

Recipe fora Sore Throal.—Take a glass of olive or sweet oil, and half a glass of spirits of turpentine ; mix them together, and rub the throat externally, wearing ﬂannel round it at the same time. ltproves most effectual when applied early.—The .Mirror.

A salve made of carrots grated ﬁne, simmer- ed in lard till quite brown, and then separated by a strainer, is considered excellent for chil- b ains. ’

lfafellon or runround be coming on your ﬁnger, you can do nothing better than to soak it thoroughly in hot lye.

Lard which has been melted and cooled in fresh water four or ﬁve times in succession.and then simmered with sliced onions, and strain- ed, makes a most excellent salve for wounds inﬂamed by taking cold—Frugal Hmemfe.