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FroliuLatest Days 0f Discovery Through ' ConiederatiollTo This Year oi Jubilee.

(Written for The Canadian Press ‘ by George Hanlbleton.)

oTTAwA. June zt-waa Dnflide and ceremonial, Canada celebrates on July i, the 60th Anniversary of her birth. Those 60 years have been years of great development. They have seen the emersetlce of 11 nation from beginnings conceived ill difficulty and in trial. They have seen our population more than treble. They have seen our nation- al wealth, increase fifteen times. They have seetl our manufactures grow from two hundred tnlllions to nearly three billions, the value oi our field crops fl‘ont rather more than a hundred millions to over a billion. i ,

But these 60 years under (Yon- federation are but chapters in oul‘ story. They are the later lnile- stones alotlg the broad highway of our progress. Shall we travel the road a little further back, and in outline, trace our development 519p by step from early days‘! Shall we turn first to days, now four cell- turies gone, when travellers from the glamorous Orient returned with wondrous stories oi fabulous treas- ures ill gold and silver and precl- oua stones? For ill those adven- turous voyallee are to be found the germs oi our history. One and all, the early voyagcrs sought new ocean highways from Europe to the magic East. The lure of the Northwest Passage drew adventurer after atl- vsnturer among the ice-fines of what is now Cousdas sub-Arctic do- main. Tlulswe see Giovanni Gab- oto, of Genoa (whom we have come to know as John Cabot, of Bristol) planting the flags of England and Venice on unknown lands across the Western Sea. A grateful Tud- or king rewards John (lltbut with the sum of ten punnlls—ulld Cabot ilits from our history.

Jacques Cartier stands on the shores of Labrador and iluds it so lacking in promise that he scorn- ftllly ‘dismisses it with the curt phrase: "I believe thiswas the land God allowed to Cain." We hear of llim again as he plants a 30-foot cross and the symbol o! French sovereignty on the shores oi’ (laspe Basin, Indians meanwhile circling about in wonderment and ntisgiv- ing. Still searching for the passage north oi the Americas, Drake anti his Golden Hind tn-eep up the Paci- flcaCoust untilithey reach 4B north,

which is almost the latitude of the

present city oi‘ Victoria.

Frobisller. Gilbert, Davis and i Hudson carry the Cross oi Si.‘ George to‘ the Arctic Sea. They

writs their llamas in our history, but their hopes remain unfulfilled. Spaniards and Porillillesemalike sought the North West Passage in vain. "Nor," so comments Cham- plain lll his Voyages, "did the Dutch fare ally better ill trying to find n gflssage east by way of Nova Zom- m"

With the odvont of Samuel do

Champlain, uur story takes a more’

concrete form. Linked with the adventurer is the trader and with

the trading company came the first

practical attempts at settlement and the establishment oi some

form oi‘ local government. Cllnur. Dlalll was himseli associated with!

de Moms in the first oi the French trading monopolies. llnttile enterprise was not a success. De Monte left enemies‘ behind in France. "So in a short time." such is Champluims bitter comment, "His Mlliesty? “lmluission-was revoked at theprice oi a. certain sum of bioney paid to a certain personage received without His Majesty know- lng anything about it." ‘

And these early voyagours. trav-

1 vast Zuzcya gt 93ft: Hundred Associates. i l

and the West I whole of New France from liudson

X IV was nrvlml

So long as it iuliiled these and other stipnations in its charter. ti“! company was to have absolute sov- ereignty, under the French king- of all ,l~‘rench possessions betweeni Florida and the Arctic resimlll. 811d from Newfoundland as far west as it could take possession oi the. country. g

The qgmpiuly did not succeed. its!

colonization scheme W88 ll Yilllllfe- After hi; years of existencem our-- rendered back its charter to the; French king, It had undertaken to‘ plant 4,000 settlers in Canada in 15: year“, Three years after tbc com-r puny passed out. ii @8119“ "i New France was taken. Tire Wlwlt‘ DOD- ummn am not number 3,500 adult-l.

ln therstead oi the Company of

One Hundred Associates. Louis XlVi established the Comllfllli’ B?‘ 111° West indies. He established It oni

er than the Com- i

Portions cl! Africa, South Airica.

India Islands, the

Bay to Florida was granted to the mpnny with full ownership, llil‘

fig:- the klng. Bat the company of‘

the West Indies succeeded no bet- ter than the company of Om» ilnn-

dretl Associates. in i669 it, £00.!

lost its monopoly 0i "Mm Th”

pfegflgg qt the great Richelieu had “or mved me Cumpflny oi‘ Ono

Hundred Associates; ‘that 0T 11W

great Louis failed to save the t‘onl-1

puny of the West Indies. But Louis

radical change ill the government oi’ New -Fi‘ll.li(:6. ilitherto it had been ill the hands of trading 411ml- pnnies. Now, it was to conn- dir- ectly under tllemoyal sway.

Beginnings of the l-iudeon Bu)’ Company.

And while French iradlul: will‘ patties were tailing along illflsi- Lawrence, blnglanil was estabhslo lug in the Canadian North n trad-

ing company‘ with the powers virtu- _

ally oi a sovereign state. Pierre Esprit Radiesoll of Three Rivers, had felt the call o! the alluring west. Defying all trudinl-i 111W“- Rndlsson and his brother-in-htw, (lrosselllers, pressed on till the)’ stood, the first o! white men, ill that. remote land west of Lake Superior. They returned home with wealth ill furs, with stories of a new and fruiiiul loud. They had real-bod the upper waters oi the Mississippi. ‘They hail tapped the ‘great lur

trado oi‘ "tile North. But they ltad ‘

broken the trading laws of New Franco. On their return they were taxed ‘and filled until little was loll of their wealth oilurs,

With their story Radisson and (irosseillers made‘ ‘their wny to ltluglsud. We next hear ol’ lilcln aboard on Rpgllsil ship, bound for

Hudson Bay. A your later tin-y‘, are back ill Ellgltlllti wltll cal-goo»! of int-s. And, a ycar after the Cmlr‘ pany of “IQ/WEN. indies lost its‘

French charter, there springs into

being, under 11 charter of Charles? ll., the Company of Gentlemen Ad?’

venturcrs trading into Hudson ‘Bay.

n company trading actively underf charter to this day. Tltecompltuyi

oi the Gentlemen Adventurers ~or tllelliltlsolfe Bay Company as wr

now know it——was given sweeping,

powers. lt had rights oi govern- ment. it was given ownership oi u territory ilaving i/he area oi a vast empire. Within or adjacent to its territory, the company could make pence or war "with any prince or pcoplc whatsoever that are not Christians." It had the sole right oi trntle. It had the Royalty of the

Sea. lt bud all mines, "as well (Hg. covered, as not discovered, .0! gold, ellver, gems and pruciotls

ersing the Western Ocean at the dawn of our history, were more than seekers of adventure. They

were rival claimants for their kings. -—hereilt we see the genesis or‘

stones.“

And the Company of the Gentle-

men Adventurers wns held to pay yearly ‘two elks and two black heave ers "wllensoever, and as (men m,

years oi strife, with the tide oi we’ "m hem! and auccesaorwaha“

conflict in almost constant ebb and humm“ to enter m") “m

CDIllll-

flow. Champlain and lie Monte cs- ma, wrmofles m“, reglom h ‘i ‘ - . ere-

tehilshed French settlements llrby grqnuuy.

'i‘wo centuries were

Acadia. James the First of lilng< land grants a charter for the found-lwag‘:zslwnifloeyfigmlfigfg: gggigum" . A r e

"l! of New Scotland‘ or Nova St-oiia . . - as we know it. ‘While Cllanlplaiin‘tgmréma,flg‘tglfi,gfgxrigfi‘°?éx§tgfri“ . , _,

. itrhulldiltg his "habitation" beneath‘ the frowning cliffs oi Quebec, l-ien-‘

pensntion, its rights to ownership of the great North West, W55 m

flriiludson is preparing tor that surrender m, ,1 powers o! Govern

IlILVletnl voyage to the great Bay

. which bears his name; and. on the

strength of his voyage. Eltgland

lnent. and was to become a p.190", trading corporation,

Not till that surrender become

es t » - refill: fiiifirfggfiffaiilifwiili. i»§§i§°“°°,“"° m“ m“ m‘ "PM" “- Royal (that pleasant sojourn olflgand m; from the Lake "r m“ Annapolis Basin where Champlain H o?“ and Lake Winnipeg ‘mm founded the Order of a Good Time) nfffif§“mrf.‘,‘,f,,fll‘,,,§“f at?‘ w“ the elldQuohee both come into English come m," of causal. Knmegtflgi;

hands. Champlain returns from one voyage an English prisoner. Yet again they pass under the sway of France.

' 'A|plriog Int Futile Trading ' '~ Mannheim.

With the soyageut. then-odor! Tbsyicama ttnNew fiance ill-num- b0?!- tlitsb trnders. But‘ disputes aEunrtitein were endless. dilem-

ll lnllvltinolirdoloribes them as " Conrado halt-ho ud" -_'-- the Oath-etc! King Pena --King Pet- nuheing a mythical hing o bes- s

at whole court‘ there is astut-

et -rhyme norreuonaur authority. huh in France. Richelieu, ‘tirelhtf t o constant nickel-Ines among the

t n of Newitmlco, decides to

(‘the militarily creating one v ‘company. Titan, in 1627, is

‘ l ‘ “BI. - _‘ “most fornlal, ntann r the

P‘ -~ my, is bound to c nvey ' the Colony. bellnpllt!

~ . two to three hundred

‘my! ‘and instha ii!- lmini. "to transport ‘ blraot has than , asst: and tomalowior tm it to in Inovnt p

t.‘ v

jollowed by the establishment oi

the Company of One Hun-

ifew months ago, the Bu ‘of Canada had the issnegtaafggui: whether in surrendering its pqwm

of government the Hudsonvflay (yo.

had surrendered ltsowngpgyflh. 0| mines royal with’ their wealth qr ' lgzlld, llliver, geranium. ‘pl-gown; s ones. ‘ ‘

New Frat-loo Intends Beygmj ' aunt-cam’

Nor, despite tile, treatment of ,

ltodisson, was France loss eager to extend her sovereignty beyond the Greet Lakes. The, day of the great French trading company hld" been

royal government. The Sovereign Council had coma into being with a governor and intends t as absolute masters of Canada u net-gm; 91,“. nre of the king. in them‘ centerld legislative, Judicial‘ and “mutt” authority. Like tile old» stimulant of Faraimhthsfgverclnii‘. undid):- ercse tergtto re ltir Joe and ordinances.» Bat kitsch ‘did not like its‘ nahte. to Jestriat the sweep -3“

6M6!- llenosforth; and. n m ‘m; end of the Frenuh_‘r|qm '

31113 15‘ 186F132? nion ®a

_.__.___.__-____-._

Realization and Expectation

Ullll

of Jubilee, we, the unde1‘s1g'ned,_express ovince spiritually ennial forty years d t0 one hundred

in this year our gratitude for the progress of the P1‘ and materially, and trust that the ‘Cent hence will see our population increase and fifty thousand people.

ing the way for lll

rnowsn BROS., LIMITED. THE ItooEIts HARDWARE 00., LIMITED. PATONS LIMITED. JENKINS & sous LIMITED. CARTER a COMPANY, LIMITED. McKINNON DRUG COMPANY MacLELLAN BROS. ' THE TWO MACS DEBLOIS BROS. HYNDMAN & COMPANY I.1"i1”C. "LYONS CQMPANmLLL... . w. n. AITKEN & COMPANY A. HORNE & COMPANY, LIMITED.

oi age. His gentlemsuly bearing and his wide education- attracted

day. lHG took an active interest in the volunteer militia and in- 1858

‘the fathers of ‘Confederation. Tw

. Tiny. iClliflwkb

. TilE GIIMILOTTETOWI! ,.iillllililflil .

THE PEOPLE’S

creigll but as tho Snpnriol‘ (iounril;

“Old Tomorrow Lives Today”

France begun to slrvti- hhel- Jcsuil llllsriitllitirllrt-l‘ llad already suffered lunriyrilolnns they curried the nlosszttzc oi their faith to Humps on tho shores of (icorgtan Bay. 'l‘ulou, who llml been appointed llllcutlnnl. took stops to English to a nurron" strip along the New l-ltlglztud shot ‘ At Snnlt Stu hlnllt- lilo _ . France were raised in snlcnnt rcrc- luolly. Jollet. blitrlpn-tto. Snlle explored lilo Ilrvstclgv of the} 0n n marshy sllorc‘ near wilero the lliississiptii cl tile Gulf oi‘ Mexico, Ln Snlle I'm‘ \ claimed Louis sovereign of lilo viii-ll. region from the Ohio to tho (lull. La Sallc is llllli'tltil't‘.ti by one of‘ lint -i(l yours later we sue La Vorondryu, boldly strilt-y int: westward front the (lrost Lakes; Where Winnipeg now stands built the tiny Fort llougc, struck‘ up lilo Assinlbolno and established. ForLLa Reine noar the site oi Portage Lu. Prairie. Month after lntlllllLQLa Verendryc pressed on ills dlfllcu t way attross the western plains un ii the ltot-klcs barred ills way to the Ptiplfir. Year's Day in 1743. Sixteen years later Montcalmiell, fatally wound- ~ v ed. on the plains of Abraham. The old regime ill Now France was pea)‘-

nfter the death oi

l d.‘ i il- prelnier of Oonie aunt on thowgl. he definitely broke away and M

ten ztter his passing lnusi. strike a uoic in all Canadian

(‘atlsd-

For him known lovingly as "Old me people or Brmsh NM”! Am "as lca. a ‘lTGUlGIlGOUg forward ste

H ll "Th . l ' . a w B m] emu" He die tried to brush lrcal conslde ‘ ‘

But tame still speaks (‘or lllnl and

“ikauuororw ~~ and tonlorrow“ gr°wmg mnmre‘ Shakespeare sighs,

So runs the round “New ly to the idea of political unW _ with Upper and Lower Calm ‘

' To such M M,“ “The road to dun’, "Pm, story o! the bitterness and . the wrath that was expended i

Not ital‘ his yeslerdayvihave “up various all-ll meetings forms on

But death cromcs not with ‘snrcense of breath

ed. ‘Nay, Canada's ~01‘; q-‘Hnorrowv mes w, tory. Some idea of the bitte - x. \‘ oi the time may be gleaned- l; ~

In unliorgettlng heart-s, and noth- m" "i"- m“ Mr- He“? ha‘ -

The long to-nrnrrow of the coming

Whcre Gonfederatio t Was Born

5' . it's. ‘twat

first Conference was

ommemorativo of the

Nov: 800th mid First Representa- tive Government.

Meanwhile, how fared it in the‘ MaritimeProvinces of old Acadia? l We have seen how. foliowinlt 011 the heels of Chanlillain, James L, granted the whole eninsula of No- va Scotle to Sir W liam Alexander. l-ie had. too, created an order oi bsmnets. lwltlt Fort Royal as their capital, the French still ‘remained. o anges hands back and"

papssdn liar the-til; of Great Brlt- ~,

nin. There i iloweti a period -of ' war ‘vested to the qpfvointedovcmmoil

VGlE-‘b Gilli 130" cleaned by lfilil‘ f" t t u‘ q l hing it with a cloth dipped in pow- :4,,§,§“,LO°,,,;,,:, ;snfi;ggme l

dared magnesia .

‘A 800d way to save is )0 ‘have cess from the start. Cased a little box and put every slimy ii tc- honor those who had in or Iii-cent piece in it. Yon will he suffered for the great idea , Bllllirieed to see at the end ot a Judge Henry was otferc d‘, month how many little things you the then formed Suprelnb \ can deny yourself withoatcllanging the Domiuoin. He acct,‘ your diet in the least.

To remove marks caused by eral years. water slipping from the faucets -—-~—- in lavatory huinmnotlliltg-is ilet- , The Hon. W. H. sm_ , than powdered chalk mined ‘ wit-h a little liquid ammonia. old, unused brusllis

M» "In the not ofiGoiLl‘ f

u, ,,,,,u,,,, Vintners." William soil-y .

tiling to aptly itmltll. »

‘GONFEDERATION

Today's Guardian contains grou photographs of the Fathers of Con federation. A most sketch each member is given herewith o

The twenty five men who will be

Lower Canada. New Brunstvick sud. Nova Sculls. 1t was those four 091a

Hewitt Ballard,

(‘nnpdlau historians dliler in the spelling oi’ the name oi‘ this impor- tant "i-‘nlltt-r" oi’ tho ‘Canadian Con. federation. in some lllfililllbttsi the‘ name ls spelled Bernard, but the key to the massive painting in the,

Elves it as Bollard. Willie rlfllllk‘ doubt may exist an‘

there is no doubt about [he vet-gr

acted as secretary lhrtltll-ihtlut the various conieretlcell and it is to ills,

volunlinous writlltg of notes and. I

iillifecheli UNI! tOduy Canadians may- look back at the strllggifl for Con- icdcrntion- in all its dtililll. The

let. Some details did leak c-nt and

caused quite on editorial tempest...‘ in the east. ‘Pile main volume oil; the notes and papers however were: .

put nwtty carefully lb privntei chosts and were discovered and published some years ugo.

last century. lie spent his boyhood as the son of an ‘lilnglisll gentleman

country and enslaved servants" This career ‘was suddenly cut short’,

tedic-ug Journey they settled

young man was then twenty years the attention of public men of til

he entered ills service oi John A. Mncdonald as his private secretary.- lt is from that point that hi

was to enroll his name as one o

years oi service with the greet pol, litlcinn oi that day brought him 1: reward in the shape of an imports ant. civil ‘post in the ‘Unit/n Gover meat of Upper and ‘Lower ‘Cantu! ilie was appointed deputy judge a vacate general ‘but also retain , his secretarial connection with 1h

in the year lliilfllettttended th

by long-hand all the petty details, of the conference. Early in till}.

submitted in writing. it was hilt duty to edit these and preps. them for proper preBl-‘lltation. H

ty as Secretary. He wag One of the very fa »

rled to Sir John A. Macdonald.

The V Hon. ‘William Aleaandei Tilis gentleman who. so eiilclen»

"Confederation Conferences was lodge. He was also another c-f long‘ list of the “Father? wit‘ turned to the law as a profession‘ He was the son of a. merchant an

‘He was but twenty five years o. age when he entered politics ant for many years was a warm advtl cate of the ‘policies and line d Howe, IIII the year i864. howeve came a, bitter opponent to M} it required a great deal oi courts!

Scotin in the year ‘i864, but 7M1} Henry was true to ills convictionl

tion aside and considered the pro lem in the light of a great at

‘Reference must here be In

the extreme east did not take k

the dark pages of Canadian

resented the county oi Ant , u; from the year 194i. when he c

ed himself for re-election in t be met the first political defen

o‘

Confederation in a better lig

candidate for Richmond in- ‘Confedersticn was a gr

honor and removed to 0, _ l-le wt; mayor oi ithiild

‘t. 4W‘