EASZARWS

GAZETTE.

FARMERS JCIJRMAE. can dblfillllfimdlldh AIDVERTIISER.

Established 1823.

Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Wednesday, May 17, 1854.

New Series. No. 138.

Iassia:-d’s Gasiette. ‘ GEORGE '1‘. I-IASZ HID, Proprietor and Publisher. ' Tuesday evening and Saturday morning. 0tfice,Southsi sQueen 5qIII_I'0n|’-3- I _ - s aiis—Annual Subscription, lbs. Discount for cash in advance. resin or anvsitrisiao. For the int insertion occu i the s of 4 lines, ' i..ui.e..—cia..2..z..'iiliiioia...."i‘i°..—isii..... ‘iies,4s.—M lines, 4s. 0d.—!b lines,b_s.—- fllines. be. Gd.-—.flllnes 0s.—end Id. ‘or e_ach additional ‘us One fourth of the above for each continuance. _ ' ' ' ‘ " ‘ ' --illbsoontisued

RELIGION IN RUSSIA.

No religious association is allowed. It is forbidden to print the Bible in Russia. For- bidden, likewise, toimport the Scri tures, ex- cept in lnglish, in French, in Its ian,or in German; that is to say. in the occidental lan- gua s. Not one copy ofthe word ofGod in mo ern Russian. the only language understood b the people, can be put in circulation. The ofiandors are subjet to the most severe laws; and it is thought that since 1823, not one copy of the Scriptures in Russian has been rinted

EXHIBITION.

N EXHIBITION AND SALE (for ur s connected with thal-I iscopalcharch, C ar otte- town.) of fancy and use I riicles, wil (D. take place at the Temperance Hall, on Wsdnesds , the 12th day of July next. Contributions willbe thankfully received by the following Ladies forming the Cornrni Mrs. Ilavsiann, Currnu.i., 7‘. DIIIIIIAY,

" l‘r-rsasiiaan.

' H. tiaszaan,

Mrs. D. I-Ionoson. “ Hosxiax,

" Jsiexiiis.

“ E. Pausaa, “ A. Ya-rss.

' J. Hlrssnsr, Charlottetown, ‘lth March, 1854.

THE COLONIAL LIFE ASURANCE COMPANY.

Govaaieca—1-rra aioii-r HOIOIAILI -ri-i EARL of I-ZLGIN and KINCABDINE, Governor General of Canada.

Ilnan 0nios—n St. Jliidreis square, Edie

burgli. _ _ Board of Jllaiuigesusi is Halifax for Jlous

Scelis ssd Prince Edward Island-

ion. M. B. Almcn, Banker.

Ion. William A. Black, Banker.

.ewis Bliss, Esq. .

Ihsrles Twining, Barrister.

ohn Bayley Bland, .

Ion. Alexander Keith, ‘erehsnt.

amss Stewart, ., Solicitor.

a a series of

in Russia. Two millions of Jews inha it the Russian Empire; but the Emperor has most absolutely forbidden the introduction of _the Scriptures in Hebrew. As to the Evangelical Missions. the are strictly forbidden, not only

) amongst the rock pcpulation,but also amongpt t 0

the idolatcrs, who are ver numerous in

’ Greek missions are not permit- ’l'he Moravian brethren the 'I‘artars

empire. Even ted amongst the latter. had laboured a long time amon Kalmoucks, who inhabit the lan between the Black Sea d the Caspian Sea. In 1823, about three hundred converts were numbered. The missionaries were forbidden baptizing any one, and in 1824, they were coilpipelled to aban- don the mission. The Scotch issionary Soci- ety bsd sent messengers of the gospel in the Russian Tartery in 1802. In 1823, the mission had much extended and prospered; but the missionaries having baptized a converted Ma- hommedan the Government began against them vexations and persecutions, and thus obliged the society to abandon a field which appeared romising, after more than twen ears of labour. The Missionary Soci- oty o lo had begun a mission in Persia among the 'I\irtars, on the limits of Russia. Having met with some difiiculties, the mission- aries crossed the frontier, and about eight or ten established themselves in the Russian Em- pire; ten years after the received the order to quit the country. The issionriry Society of London had undertaken a mission in Siberia, on the confines of Chinese Tartary. This enter

a....- an

adical Adviser— . F. were. _ Agent 6: §ecretary—-Matthew H. il.ichey,_lc|icltci- l‘hs following gent|ems_have been a pointed Olfi cars of the Compnn in Prince Edwar island, and will be prepared to urnish information as to the prin- ciples and practice of the Company and the rates of Assurance. _ Chsrlottstowu——Ilodical Adviser—H. A. Johnston, M. D. Agsnt—B. L. Lydiard. _ Georgetown—Medica| AdvIssr—DavId Kaye,Il. D. Agent—Wil|iain Sanderson. Si. I-2|eanor‘s—Medi|eIaI Advissr—Joseph Bell, II . —Th D "m on" uliiirnsw H. BICIIEY.

.I.__

Oharlcttetovgi Mutual Insurance o

pflll . , _ Incorporated b Act of Par iament is 1848. _ Hli COIIPA Y oleiu ‘best gsarant_ee In case efloss. and accepts Risks at a saving of the amured. ital exceds £1100. _ Per- harlottstown, or vicinity. should less no time iu_ applyin to the Secretary of this Company for Policies or I IpI_|IoI- lI7'0ns of Philips‘ Firs Auulllllllflfl 5!! 5003 purchased by the Company. I0!’ ll" 5_°"'m °' P'“°“_' insured in this as. Iii sass of Fl". 930 “0 °f'‘ can be obtained immediately. ll! IPPUWI ‘I ll"

flies. 8°°'"""' 0 . HEARD, President HENRY PALMER. 8ec’y and Treasurer. Secretary's Oflice, Kent Street, August sin. uses.

The National Loan Fund Life

Assurance Society of London. APITAI. £500,000 Sterling. Empowered by Act of Parliament, Id Victoria. A Saving Bank for

' ll MD b . ll" Wu" " l 'i~iiii'iaTii HAVILAND, '.-. Agent for Prince Edward Is and. Otlice, Queen Blqpare, Charlottetown.

(I7 September 5, I858.

prise was supported by the Emperor Alex- ander, and Russian missionaries even worked ‘with them ; in 1841, the mission was destroyed, lbecause “ it was not in accordance with the views of the Greek Church and of Government."

To this ma he added the followin , and not less curious etails on the worship 0 the Empe- ror i ' uote a few questions and answers from the “ Russian Catechism.” Al reflcctions are needless :

“ . What duties does religion teach us, the humble subjects of his Mifesty, the Emareror of Russia, to practice towar s him? A. orship, obedience, fidelity, the payment of taxes, service, love, and prayer: tie whole being comprise in the words worship and fidelit .

“ Q. Wherein does this were ' consist, and how shouldit be manifested! A. By the most unqualified reverence in words, gestures, de- meanour, thoughts, and actions.

“ Q. What kind of obedience do we owe him? A. An entire, ssive. and unbounded obedi- ence in every point of view.

‘ Q. In what consists thefidelity we owe to the Emperor! A. In executin his commands most rigorously, without examination; in r- forming the duties lie requires from us, an in doing everything willingly, without murmur- in

'5‘ . What are the supcrnaturall revealed motives for this worship! (of the mperor.l A. Disobedience to the Emperor is identified with disobedience to God himself. God will reward us in the world to come for the worshi and obedience we 1-render to the Emperor, an

unish us severely to all eternity, should we disobey or neglect to worship him. ’

In the printing of the Catechism the words “ God" and the “Emperor" are printed in lar letters. The name of “ Christ’ in small. Th s was the Catechism that the Roman Catho- lic Polish children were constrained to learn; by which constraint the treaty of Vienna is wholl violated, even had it been preserved in all other respects.

NATIONAL UBSKR\'A'l'0lI\',

Equitable Fire Insurance compa- ny of London

Incorporated by Act of Parlissieiil. OARD OF DIRECTORS for P. 11. Island.— Hon. 1'. H. Hseilsiid. Hon. Charles fleas- lsy. Francis Losgieorth, Esq.. Robert Hutchinson, Esq., Thomas’ Deioeos. Esq.

Detached Risks taken at low Premiums N- cliarge for Policies. Forms of Applicsmn. I04 I- stlior information, may be obtained ftoln the Slb scriber, at the Ofloe of G. W.Deblois Bsq. Charlotte

‘°'"" ii. 1. CUNDALL. Ag,“ 1.5, 13“, Agent fer P. E. I.

LIiIsIA.N'CB Lfll IND FIRE IJV‘8UR1JW.‘B COM- PANY. LONDON. as-raanisnss av ac-r or raauaisnar.

SC 000 900 ‘I If . 0"“ 'cii.Kai.i:s"rtibNo. Agent for r. 3. Island

'I‘0 8BllVAN'I'l.—Waatsd. I good plain Cooke, and a Ilesssnsld. Esquire st Gas. '1‘. Han.

saan's

Washington, February 22, 1854,

Sis : The United Shtos brig Dolphin, Lieute- nant Ooinmanding 0. H. rryman, was em- last summer upon special service connected with the researches that are carried on at this oiloe. concerning the winds and currents of the sea.

'9. 0

that part of the ocean which the merchantmen, as th pass to and fro u u the-business of trade between Europe an the United States, use as their thoroughfare.

Lieut. Berryinan availed himself of ' this

portunity to carry along also a line of deep- ssa soundin from the shores of Newfoundland to those of reland.

The result is highly interesting, as it bears directly, in so r as the bottom of the sea is concerned, upon the uestion of a submarine tsloglriiph across the tlantic and I therefore beg save to make it the subject of a special

line of deep-sea soundings seems to be dsoldvs of the question as to the practicability of a subiiisrius telegraph between the

Her observations were confined principally to 1')

continents, insofarns tliebouom ofrlu sea is corics-med

From Newfoundland to Ireland the dishnoe between the nearest point is about 1,600 miles;" and the bottom of the see tween the two places is a plateau, which seems to have been placed there especially for the purpose of hold- ing the wires of a submarine telegraph, and of keeping them out of harms way. It is neither too deep nor too shallow; yet it is so doe that the wires, but once landed, will remain forever beyond the reach of vessels’ anchors, icebergs, and drifts of any kind ; and so shallow that the wires may be readily lodged upon the bottom.

The deph of this plateau is uite regular, gradually increasinig from the s ores of New-

oundland to the eph of from 1,500 to 2,000 fathoms, as you approach the other side.

The distance between Ireland and Cape St. Charles, or Ca St. Lewis, in Labrador, is somewhat less t an the distance from any int of Ireland to the nearest int of Newfound end.

But whether it woul the wires from Newfoundland or Iabrador, is not now the question ; nor do I pretend to consider the question as to the possibility of finding a time calm enough, the sea smooth euou h, a wire long enough, a ship big enough, to a it coil of wire 1,000 miles in ength; though I have no fear but that the enterprise and rugs- nuity of the age, whenever called on with these problems, will be ready with a satisfactory and practical solution of them.

I simply address myself at this time to the question in so far as the bottom of the sea is concerned: and as far as that, the greatest

ractical difiiculties will. I apprehend, he ound, after reaching soundings at either end of the line, and not in the deep sea...

I submit herewith a chart s owing the depth of the Atlantic accordingto the deep~seii sound- ings, made from time to time, on hour of vessels of the navy, by authority of the Depart- ment, and according to instructiohs issued by the chief of the Bureau of Ordinance and Hy- dro aphy. This chart is plate XIV of the six edition of‘Maut‘y's Sailing Directions.

By an examination of it, it will be perceived that we have acquired by these simple means a

rat d idea as to the depression below the sea-leve our planet which underlies the Atlantic Ocean, and constitutes the basin that holds its waters.

A wire laid across from either of the above- named places on this side, will pass to the north 0 the Grand Banks, and rest on that beautiful platue to which I have alluded, rind where the waters of the sea appear to be as quiet and as completely at rest. as it is at the bottom of a mill-pond.

It is roper that the reasons should be stated for the inference that there are no perceptible currents, and no nbrading agents at work at the bottom of the sea upon this telegraphic plateau

I derive this inference from a study of physi- cal fact which I little deemed, when I sought it, had any such bearings.

It is unnecessary to speak on this occasion of the germs which physical facts, even ap- parently the most trifling, are often found to contain. ‘ -

Lieut. Berryman brought up with Book's deep-sea sounding apparatus, specimens of the bottom from this plateau.

I sent them to proof. Bailey, of West Point, for examination under his microscope. This he kindly gave, and that eminent microscopist was quite as much surprised to find, as I was to learn, that all these specimens of deep-sea soundings are filled with microscopic shells; to use his own words, ‘- not a particle qf sand or gravel exists in them.

These little shells, therefore, su ts the fact that there are no currents at a bottom of the sea whence the came-—tbat Brook's lead found them where t ey were deposited in their burial place after havin lived and died on the surface,and by gradua y sinking were led d on the bottom.

ad there been currents at the bottom, these would have swept and abraded and mingled up with these microscopic remains the debris of the bottom of the sea, such an case, nd, gravel, and other matter ; but not a particle of sand or gravel was found among them. Hence the inference that those depths of the sea are not disturbed either by waves or currents.

Consequently, a telegraphic wire once laid there, there it would remain, as corn be-

ond the reach of accident as it would if uricd in an air-ti ht case. Therefore, so far as the bottom of the cap sea between Newfound- land, or the North a , at the mouth of the St. lawrcnce, and Ira end, is concerned, the practicability of a submarine telegraph across the Atlantic is proved.

The present state of Europe invests the sub- ' ct of a line of tolegrapli wires across the At- antic with a high degree of interest tothe

vernment and people of the United States.

general European war seems now almost in- evitable; the attitude which this government will assume with regard to all the belligerent

' From Cape Freels, Newfoundland, to Erris Head. Ireland, the distance is l,0ll miles; from Cape Charles, or Cape Dr. Lewis. Labsdsr, to ditto,

distance is 1.001 miles.

W0|hg

of that portion of the solid crust of 1,

were that may be involved in that war, is t of strict, impartial neutrality.

The _better to enable this government to llII_llIIIIll that position, and the ple of the United States to avail themselves of all the ad- vantages of such a position, a line of dail tele-

cirruna or itvssure raizas. Roar-Admiral Plumridge and his four shms left the fleet on the 3d A ril to rseounoitre e Ruspian rts. if possib e. About the 8th of April, A iral Plumridge, in the Valorolls, ee-

graph communication with Europe woul be of incalculsble service. In this vicw_of the subject, and for the pur- pose of hastening the completion of such a ins, take the liberty_of su stir: for your consid- eration the propriety c an o r from the pro- per source, of a prize, to the company throu h whose telegraphic wire the first message shtfll be passed across the Atlantic. . C O O O I have the honor to be, respectful] , dic., M. F. MAURY, Lieut. U. . Navy. Hon. J. 0. Doniiw. Secretary of the Navy. Washington. D. C.

NEWS BY THE ENGLISH HAIL.

THE EUROPEAN WAR. INGAGIMINT or ‘run FURY wrrii iwssiaie ritioaras.

A letter from Baltschik, Kavarna Bay, dated the 14th of April, states that on the 20th instant her Majesty’s ship Fury left the fleet there on a cruise, unaccom nied b any French steamer. On the afternoon of the 1th the western coast of the Crimea was distinctly visible, and in order not to be discovered too soon she stood of from it. During the night and in the early part of the mornin she gradually edged in to the shore, but the brilliancy of the moon was a great drawback to her plans. On the 12th, at

alf- st 3a.m., she steamed ahead at full spec , and at half-past 5 came in sight of Sebastopol By this time the sun had risen, and the morning was unclouded, so that oh’ is at a long distance were visible. Two merc ant vessels were seen coming out of port with the Russian ensign flying, one of which rapidl approached, carrying a splended brceae wit hex. .Fux passed her, and took a survey of the arbour, at a distance of 25 miles. Two brigs of war were under way, and the two frigates stationed at the mouth of the harbour were crossing gallant and royal yards. The ‘"17. at six, a.m., chan or course, hoisted Austrian colours, and bore down on the mer-

chant ships. An hour after, having taken the crew on board, six in number, and made one of the ships fast by a hawser, she towed liar ofi at full speed. The two brigs, followed by two ri tes, were then seen to leave the harbour un er all lain sail,and a steamer getting up steam. is , W. by S., force live to six—the most favourable that could blow for them—at 7 It was now clear that the frigates were rapidly nearing, the Fury being three miles or more to leeward. Immediate y the fore and aft soils were set. the prise cut adrift, and the steam brought to its highest pressure, so that she absolutely flew to win ward. Still the frigatos seemed to be gainin ground, and the position of the Fury became ighl dangerous, as now two miles were the most t at separated enemies. Tons of water were started, all except two day's requirements, which was a considerable assistance. At 8 30 one of the frigates dropped, and the two brigs; but still the other kept in the wind’s eye. At 8 54 the windward frigate and the Fur came so close as to be almost in range of the orig guns of the latter, when the order “ Open fire ’ was given. Immediately steady aim was taken, the stern- most gun fired,_aud down dropped the shall a ard istant from her lee bow. She immediate- y replied by firing two, but the shot did not reach half way, and hoisted the Russian ensign - at her. main, which was responded to by re- loading with re idity and again firing. The shot still fell a ttle short, and more to Ice- Again she fired four guns at the Fury, and another ensi was run u to tbc fore, for which another a ell was fire , though it fell still shorter, as the Fury was rapidly increas- ing the distance. Iiaving thus gone to wind- ward, but still out of range, the idea was entertained of engngin the frigate with long, guns. but at this time t ie steamer was rapidly advancing, and it was considered more prudent to remain content with takin a merchant-vessel and six prisoners from beueat the fortifications. When the Fury went alongside the schooner she hauled down the Austrian colours and hoisted the English ensign, which startled them a little in harbour. The rage of the Ruuians must have been great, as the seemed sure of catching the Fury, and the oistin of three ensigns was an angry attempt to c allenge a steamer of six and she to win ward !

On the forenoon of the 13th two stran steamers were reported as being seen ‘u t e north-east direction, and the nflexilile was ordered to t u steam, but they soon disap-

red. T e chase of the Fury continued from to 11 a.m., during two hours of which time she was in great dange . She returned to varna on the mornin of the 14th, having first visited the mouths o the Danube.

The value of the dibrsnt prises the b our vessels already is estimated at between £75,011) and £80,000 sterling.

'5

us to engage a frigate ol-I0, u

complsnied by one of the fri res, went to cruise ofi_' t a Russian island of go, about seventy miles from el, which is about the nearest naval port. In three days he returned, having been to the edge of the _ice, and havingssen twelve Russian men-of-war frosen in. The Dauntless was immediately despatched to the fleet. to acquaint the admiral of it. The Ampbion remained to see what she could pick up. Several merchant ships fell rises; the were from foreign ports. The ' une h four, and towed two of them, fine barques, to Copenhagen. Some of the ship'scom ny were sent on heard them, and a number 0 prisoners were sent on board the Hydsspes.

The friars Tribune, Captain Cern 'e.ar- rived at ‘ penhagen on the 16th, wi from sixty-five to sevent prisoners taken from the Russian and Finnis merchant vessels captured. On the 19th four more merchant vessels, be- longing, to Russia, were captured by the Englis cruisers, and taken to Copenhagen. The number of prizes there amounts, therefore, at present to fourteen. Twelve others are an- nounced as having been brou ht into Memel. Advices from Copenhagen, da April 22, state that the Russian schooner Libcrtas, Captain Roos, which had been captured by the Eu lish, is agnn in possession o the master, an§ has been taken into Ystadt, Captain R. having made the English prise-crew drunk, and thus became master of the ship.

The Emperor of Russia has issued two docu- ments this week. which makes him figure in rather a novel character. The manifesto, pub- lishcd in the Journal qf &. Pelersburg, is lruned in tl. ver difliirent tone from that assumed by Prince entschikoif last year. The bully has sunk into a whimpering apologist, who oom- plains that as the occupation of the Principali- ties did not stop negociations, it ought not to have produced war.