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PAGE §IX a

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rri-m CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN

‘H .' .~.' a

B- was

FOlt FARMER s, STOCK BREEDER GADENERS

ggbuying Potatoes and Turnips

daily at our warehouse.

Call at once for

"yihai: potato bags you roqllife- Signed PAUL A. MURRAY.

rj-‘fiie-io-io-zi.

Fl

“We Thank You!”

Many thanks for the enthusiastic way in which you fox breeders of Prince Edward Island have accepted our B.B

Brand Fox Ration.

‘. This large volume of business has re- sulted in lowered manufacturing . costs-which saving we are passing on to you in a new low price. O

Note that every bag contains a FRED bottle of Medicinal Quality Cod Livei

Oil.

Your aim is to increase production of large, well-formed foxes with luxur- iant pelts and clear glossy fur.

B. B, Brand Fox Ration will do that for you!

Maritime-National Fish Limited Fox Feed Department Halifax, N. S.

Ground Limestone “It brings the Clover”

If possible. lime your land this fall, and for QUICK RESULTS use the HIGH GRADE. FINELY GROUND LIME from

Brookville Mftg. Co., Ltd.

BROOKVILLE, St, John Co., N. B, II. G. S. ADAMS, Manager

i zvswsv

NOTES

SNOWBEIIRIES

A resident of Georgetown, signfng M.I..E.. sends a small pdCkigg of lovely white berries for identifica- tion. In reply, they are from a. shrub called the snowbexry, scientifically Bymphoricarplfos racemosus. That plant, unlike many or our garden ornamentals, is "100 per ‘cent (North) American," and if my cor- respondent will imagine a line drawn from eastern Quebec to Ai- aska, and another from Pennsyl- vania to Califomia, the enclosed area will very nearly cover the ter- ritory to which the Snowberry is native. It is cultivated in other parts of the world. and I well re- member seeing it in my grand- father's shrubbery in the Old Country, though the berries were much smaller than those which M.L.E. sends. Gray, in his "Man- ual," indicates that this plant pre- fers limestone regions, so, perhaps, in planting it, one shou‘d incorpor- ate a. little lime in the soil.

The snowberry shrub is rather variable in height. color of leaf, and pubescence and some botanists therefore cut our plant up into species and also into varieties, on account of these variations. We may disregard these hypersensitive classifications, however, and simp- ly call it S. racemosus, describing it briefly as an erect shrub, with oval leaves, dark green above and usually paler below; flowers in clus- ters. campanulate, white, tinged rose-color; berries distinctive. white, globose, 6-10 millimetres in dia- meter, loosely cellu'sr, and two-

is"! IJ

is Esp

SIINGLO

Furring Ration

RATION.

REMEMBER THIS: Sunllo Fall

manufactured f0 be fed Adults and Pups, Breeders and The Original Furring v Ration. Don't Be Fooled Into Believing You Can Produce Better Pelis Thain on tho "SUNGLO" Silkm-

SUN GLO Full-Furring Ration Ila! Produced: More Prize Winning Foxes at the Live Fox Show; the past three years than any other one fox feed.

Pelting Foxes after the above dates.

Auction Sale Tops

Ranch Pup Pelt. averages of om- m on may ranch" "w

past three seasons.

“y, . y-F/i am-ibn - 44K‘ ‘

and. fi

ecially Manufactured for Finishing Your Foxes After Growth is Practically Completed.

August 15th to September 30th are the dateiimlte lhll Ipelteru should he started on sUNGLo FALL . JRRING The exact date to start this Ration (‘-1 ends on the size of your pupa. Adult foxes should be started 0n U!!!

' Ration August 15th for belt lull"!-

.A—III\— Oflonero-ud Wgygyfiyonnoeilroor » fllttbo

Ills-r ssasonar. rox ‘ 1 monsoon-courtho-

Fail

Furring Ration i:

hi! Tlllfllnollt. We ~e'

seeded.

There Ls also a red-berrieci shrub S orbiculatus (sometimes called S. vuigaris.) known as the coral-berry. The berries are smaller. being 8-4 m.m. long. and the shrub is not ‘so much in evidence as a consequence.

The box in which the berries came. was lined with waxed paper (from the baker's.) This was l. splendid idea. for the paper pre- vented transpiration. and the leave!» and berries were in perfect condi- tion on arrival.

The local name "Wax Balls,’ given to the berries, is certainly descriptive, but as we already have

a waxberry (Myrica) on the Is- land. it 1s better to avoid a name which may lead to confusion.

OOINCIDENCET

On the 11th of last month the moon was in conjunction with Sat- urn and on the 12th it was in peri- see and in opposition to the sun, l.e. "at the full." as they used to say in the North cf England. Thus there were Saturn, the moon, the earth and the sun, in a direct line. An earthquake, severe, and lasting 10111‘ hours. was recorded on the seismograph at Victoria. 13.0., on the 11th: it was thought to be in Northern Japan.

Stargazing on the 8th of October I noticed that the moon and Sat- urn were less than two degrees apart, in other words, they were again in conjunction. The moon was In,‘ perigee on the 10th, and in the ful phase on the 11th. They were thus only slightly difiez-ently placed in comparison with‘ the 11th of September. On the 12th of Oct- ober a belated telegram from Mos. oow announced a severe earthquake on the 8th at Tadjekstan on the Afghan border. Fifty Russians had been killed, and three hundred in- jured. There was ruch property damage, and both telephone and telegraph wires were down, hence the drlay in the news.

MORE ABOUT I-IERALDRY

Last week we talked of Heraldry as applied to both ancient and modern times, but from consfdera. tions of space certain. aspects were not treated of. Many coats-of-arms were in a fashion, granted by the King in olden times. That is to say. B m“ might Perform some gallant or meritorious action, which was "VF-Tiled by s- knighthood, con- ferred by the sovereign. This auto- mtaicaliy carried the grant of 9, mli-Q-arms by the Corege of Heralds, who exacted an ofliclal fee for recording it. Th:s._- who have read Blackmores "Lorna Doone" will recollect the consultations that took place before the hero was satisfied with the device on his es. cutcheon. .

InLthe next generation. all the

honour sou:

The adjourned mortgage sale of (he Everett Dunsfurd farm at Corn- wall, Lot 31, will take place at the Court House, Charlottetown on Monday, October 21st, at 12 noon.

BELL a MAHIIESON, Attorneys.

s of the family were en- titled to take the paternal coat, bu: to distinguish the iron-clad son from the iron-clad father, it be- came nerssary to make some slight but well marked difference 1n the

“vharav on his shield. The commonest method at first, was but chansin’; the tinctures

(colors); the red lion of the father for instance, became a. gre:n one for the son. Early in the fifteenth century a recognized set of distinc- tive emblems were added to the paternal coat-of-atms in the foi-

lowing order: the eldest son added

oi Farm and Stock eto

I will sell at Public Auction on the premises at Glen Valley in Queens County on Wednesday the 23rd day of October at. one o'clock P. ‘M, property of the lute Daniel K. McDonald consisting of eighty acres of land with dwelling house and outbuildings in good rI-‘lnll’ about seventy acres clear and balance covered with good hard wood, well watered, near church and school and within 1% miles of Fredericton Station-

Alao at some time and place all farm stock and implements con- sisting of horse 8 years old, general purpose, horse 12 Y0!" 0W general purpose, also two milk cows, jersey grade, heifer 2% yea-rs old. 2 heifers 1% years old. also hens and chickens, binder, hay mower, wheel barrow, spring tooth barrow, set pin barrow, hay rake, gang plow, single plow, scufller. horseshoe, drum and cleaner (Hall's) Engine 3 horsepower (International) driving wagon, truck wagon, set bob-aielghl. wood sleigh. potato digger, broad out seeder, pung sleigh, hay fork, rope and blocks, driving harness and work harness and many other articles, too numer- ous to mention. Also household furniture. ALEX McilAE,

Auctioneer.

FLORENCE MADONALD,

___“... “TEE?!”-

"a label of three points’; the sec- ond addtd a crescent; the third a mullet or five pointed star, and son on till the ninth son added an octofoil. which resembled a daisy with eight petals. If the son mar- ried an heiress she might introduce part of her cnat-of-arms into the device on his own shield. However, so the principal device remained unchanged. it was aiways possible to trace the bunch of the family back to the main stem.

When the owner of armorial bearings died. in the olden clays. the College or Arms (or Heralds) conducted the funeral under their own superintendence and author- ity. This was done "with gorgeous ceremonials" rays the historian, but proved very expensive. In these prosaic times all that is now usual is the hanging of e. hatchment against the outer wall of the house in which the decersed used to live. The hatchment (or achievement) is a large black lozenge-shaped frame enclos’ng a canvas on which is painted the coat-of-arms of the deceased. It remained on the wa‘l of the house from six to twelve months, and W85 then removed to the parish church. There it was hung on the interior wall; a silent reminder that

The Knights are dust:

Their swords are rust. I-iaichments are still used occas- ionally ‘and may be seen in many churches in England.

AT MIDGELL I am instructed by Victor San- derson of lliidgell, to seii by publio auction om Wednesday, October 23rd, commencing at. 1 o'clock. Faml. coll-

oiatlng of 100 acres of land, all clear. Good out buildings and two

and articles too numerous to mention. Terms made known at sale. . l1. 00X.

Auctioneer.

114008-10-18-22.

' Spinning a ii Weaving

Elsi

rhino:

s.

WINNING THE COAL

use of the books in my little library is treasured because it con- talm a history of the northern coal-field, a region with which I was toierably familiar fifty or sixty years ago. In the south and eastern parts of the country of Durham. Eng, the anal-bearing strata is ov- erlapped by what geologists call magnesian limestone. For a long time mining engineers in the north held the fixed opinion that the coal deteriorated so much when it pass- ed under the limestone that it was not worth getting at: thfy even went so far as to crystollae it into the dictum, "no coal under the Magnesian Limestone." However. Dr. William Smith who, was after- wards styled "The Father of Enl- liah Geology," was the first solen- tist who attempted to set this view aside, and after some years shafts worn driven through the limestone which fully continued his deduc- tions. This was all the more re- markable. roing that. before a par- liamentary committee in 1800. PN- fosscrs Bodgtwick, Cgntyxare, fir: mokiand, o gxea geologists of the time, had express- ed an opinion that no great body of coal would be foimd underneath the limestone of last Durham.

when at length the attempt was mad; to reach this underlying coal the difficulties were more formid- able than had been anticipated. The earliest of the sinking: was the fernoua lloakwearomi-h alt at b‘!!!

CONNECTED IITI

TIIELY NOTES 0N TOPIC!

Silver Fox Farming

eel»

Two weeks from Monday the Ex- hibition Buiidlng, Charlottetown, will be a scene of bustle and 0on- fuslon as hundreds of silver Foxes will arrive in crates to be classified and placed in cages ready for Jgitdlglng Tuesday morning, November

From all over the Province tales are arriving, mostly via salesmen for fox feeds and supplies, of won- derful foxes that are being gotten ready for the show. The writer be- lieves they are true because the season has been favorable and near- ly all foxmen have added to their knowledge of caretaking within the past few seasons and as a result their animals" are in better condi- tion with fewer culls.

1826, and in 1931 a seam of coal, one-and-a-half inches thick. was found at a depth of 344 feet from the sur.ace. The trouble seems to have been the influx of water in- to the shaft at the rate of 3,000 gallons a. minute. This had to be dammed back by a castiron casing. and the company carried on till they had reached a depth of 1,000 feet when a n"rv inrush of water made the prospect look dark in- deed. New pumps were inltalled and the lndomitabe adventurers persevered till in February 1834. their pluck was rewarded by the shaft reaching a valuable seam of coal at 1000 feet from the surface, The still more valuable Hutton seam was reached in April 1846. at a depth of 1720 feet from the surface, and the winning of that colliery is said to have cost more than 52100000. The workings o! that coliiery. when I was a lad. were estimated to ruzi two miles out un- der the North Sea.

Still greater difficulties attended the winning of the Murton coliiery. one cf th~ most costly winnings ev- er effected. In the beginning of 1838 two "pits" or shafts, each fourteen feet in diameier, were begun and carried forward simultaneously at a spft where trial boring; showed the limestone to be 456 feet in thickness. Underneath was sand, the depth of which was not known.

Towards the end of June, 1839, when the shafts had a‘most reach- ed the stratum of sand, a "feeder" of sand and water burst upward through four feat of sold limestone in one of the shafts and before the pumps could be heaved up. they were choked under ten feet of sano deposited in the bottom of the shaft. It was soon found that the influx of water was too grezt for the engine power at this shaft, so several large bore-holes were drilled through the bottom of the other shaft, into the watenbsarin; strata and soon the engines of both shafts were drawing out 4.700 gallons of water per minute. But large as this quantity was. the united engine- power of both piis made no sen- sible impression on the "feeders" so that further progress was im- posibie. Nothing daunrd, the coai company redubled their eflorts. They commenced a third shaft, sixteen feet in diameter (larger than any previously sunk) and fit- ted it with an unprecedsnted force of engine power-two‘ pumping en- gines and two windng engines adapted to pumping. The new pit was pushed fcrward ard 1.1 six months was competed to a depth of 438 feet. The company now had availab‘e (in the three shafts) a total of three pumping engints and six winding engines. working twenty-even columns of pumps; and supplied with steam for thirty- nlne boilers! The engines drew 10,000 gallons of water per minute. The scouring action of the sand in the cylinders of the pumps great- ly hindered the work, the leather buckets with which the pumps were equipped being frequently worn out after two or three hours‘ work. For some time the coat of the_ leather for three buckets amounted to 211-5-0 per ‘hour (roughly 156). three tanyards being kept in oper- ation to supply it. I have heard the old folk say that a. freight train was ccnstant‘y running between the tanyarcls and the colliery at that time.

At length the energy of the com- pany-adventurers. the hlsto call

them-was rewardsd by al the shafts being carried down through the sand, and the water was ef- fectually stopped back by cast-iron "tubbing". The two original pits were continued downwards till. in April 1848. the Hutton seam was reached at a depth of 1,480 feet. The cost. of this sinking was close upon £300,000 (81.500.000): of which £30,000 was expense incurred in piercing the “Quicksand? as it was termed.

The Hutton seam was a valuable one on account of its thickness and the excercnt quality of the coal. In the mine which I visited most, this seam was ten feet thick, and its removal left plenty or "head-room’ Some of the other seams were not three feet thick, and was very troublesome to work in.

The bi; shaft at Murton colliery afterwards proved invaluable for ventilating the mine. so long as the coal was near the surface. no- thing more than natural ventila- tion was required. but as the “top seams" were exhausted, and mines were driven down deeper, it was necessary to supplement nature's efforts. and to employ great- er volumes of air. m 1880 at Pon- rher eoliiery in eastern Durham. the volume of air sweeping through the mine amounted to 08,000 cubic .feet per minute. m 1N2. at Kur- ton, the circulation of air was from 800.000 to 440,000 cubic feat per minute. The fan system displaced

A great deal is heard about sitting foxes for show, and no doubt an 1n»- provement can be made in the con- dition and fur qualities of an onl- mal by selecting the proper foods and quantities of same and using care in housing andbeddlng. The latter is something that is often overlooked. One can realise, how- ever, that soiled bedding containing an accumulation of excreta giving oi! ammonia fumes will do irrepar- able injury to an otherwise good colored pelt.

With the larger amount of meat that is fed at this season of the year there is of course a greater amount of ammonia thrown off. The com- position of ammonia is N114, the N or nitrogen element being obtained from meat.

The writer remembers vividly go- ing into a ranch some years ago where sanitary conditions were of the worst, and seeing a number of heavily furred and attractive pups seriously browned because the own- er had failed to change the straw bedding as he should have done.

Fox week at Charlottetown, No- vember 4th to 8th will be a. gala one, with Tuesday night banquet night at the Canadian National Ho- tel and Wednesday night's hockey match between the Bruins of Bos- ton and the canadiens of Montreal. Something to look forward to, eh boys!

It must have been a great shock to many foxmen when they picked up the paper last Monday and read of the death of E. R. Brow, not quite an early pioneer but almost. I thin‘: it was around 1808 that Mr. Brow became interested in Silver Foxes, later going into partnership with W. A. Miller, East Royalty.

These two gentlemen founded a

-iendid strain that 131s contribu- ted in no small measure to the im- provement of the Island breed. The moat outstanding animal they own- ed was Sir Charles. Years ago his cut was world wide "used. The photograph taken was one of the best we have ever seen. the stance was perfect and Sir Charles looked an aristocrat 1n every sense of the word. I-Ie appeared to be coal black in color, which ‘was then the color phase most desired. _

The late Mr. Brow was a very kindly gentleman and possessed of a keen sense of humour. His con- tflbution to the Silver Fox industry did not stop with the breeding of good foxes, but he was also one of the’ founders of the Silver Fox Breeders‘ Association of Prince Ed- ward Island and for many years its President.

The Western Canada Fur Animal Exhibition will be held at Winnipeg commencing November 12th and continuing on through to November

phases of Silver Iiioxes and’ for var- ious sections of ' mink including Quebec, Eastern‘, Alaska and Yukon. An educational program has been arranged for which will be of great interest and assistance to all Can- adian fur breeders. Those who de- sire further information may write to the Secretary. Western Canada Fur Exhibition, 320 McIntyre Block, Winnipeg, Man.

For the information of Silver Fox ranchers we are once again publish. ing the dates pf the Hudson's Bay Company auctions for 1835 and Blrly 1936. namely, 18th November, 10th December, 0th January, 15th March.

Following are. some particulars Iesarding the Hudson's Bay com. pany Silver Fox sale which was held at their warehouse the 8th of October. 1835. The collection of skins consisted of 3.018 and w“ the residue of the season's offering. Consequently therq were many stale and faded skins. The attendance was below the average but the oiq. ding was well sustained and an ing. gregate advance of 755% was real- ized compared with May as]; prise;

Competition was strongest for hi" 511V"! l-hd quarter silvery skins. while three-quarter silver and dark skins also sold well. Full sil. very were unchanged,