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PAGE FOUR

THE GUARDIAN

llarnlag Dolly tltaalldoll lI lldll Latharlwd do lies-anal Clan Mall, Pool Offlao Department, Ottawa. _ Tho lnlnurl (luarrllna Publlnhlnl cl- ldltar and Managing Dlrnisar. J It. Barnacl- Associate Edltur. Frnall Waller.

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Thao the Wodkesf Ink.“

CHARLOTTETOWN, THURSDAY, JULY l4, 1949

Why llount lls llut?

ft is regretable that the itinerary of the Min- ister of Fisheries, who left Ottawa yesterday to consult with representatives of the fishing indus- try in the Eastern Provinces, does not include a visit to Prince Edward Island. Island fishermen who wish to participate in the very important conferences to be held with the Minister, in- volving questions of policy to be Submitted at the next session of Parliament, will have to go to Moncton to see him.

Surely this calls for some explanation. Ac- cording to an official release ftom the Depart- ment of Fisheries, the purpose of the meetings IS to explain more fully to the industry the nature of the programme outlined by the Ministerun his statement of policy on May 5, and to Invlto suggestions from the industry before the pro- gramme is finalized. ~

The matters under consideration by the Gov- ernment, which will require the active support and cooperation of the industry, include imple- mcnting effective inspection of fish and fish pro- ducts to assure continuity of quality on the domestic and export markets, assistance to fish- crmen in making modern and efficient types of boats and gear available, providing capital as- sistance for the transportation and expansion of th-e facilities of production, processing and dis- tribution of fisheries products, particularly those of distressed areas; taking specific action with railway companies to increase the use of the new mechanically-refrigerated cars for fish to ensure the proper carriage from the sea and lakes to the cities; facilitating adequate refrigeration in main market centres and assistance in the dis- tribution of quality fish at retail levels, and the undertaking of advertising and sales services.

In Newfoundland, an extensive itinerary has been planned so that the Minister will see as many of the fishing areas as possible. Numerous fishing centres in Cape Breton, eastern Nova Scotia and the Gaspe Coast will also be visited.

Our Island fishermen, apparently, are of minor concern. The Minister had time to make a political speech in Summerside during the re- cent election campaign, but this time he is giv- ing the Province a wide berth. If our fishermen want to sit in at these discussions they can do so at Moncton an July 27, presumably at their own expense. it seems an ungraciaus gesture after the return of three Liberal members to Parliament by this Provinnce.

Outlook For Agriculture

It is reassuring to note, on the-sauthbiitybf‘ Dr. J. E. Lattimer, chairman of the Department of Agricultural Economics, Macdonald College, who is at present vacationing here, that the out- look for agriculture in Canada — though some- what clouded and uncertain —is by no means as dark as it is frequently painted‘. An interesting abstract of a paper on this subject by Dr. Lat- limer was discussed at a recent symposium on Population Growth and Immigration into Canada, sponsored by Macmaster University.

While mechanism may well mean a continu- ing shift in manpower from the farm to other forms of industry, Dr. Lattimer states, the in- creasing equipment and other needs of the farm- er may yet call for a greater application of la- bour, as a whole.

The future looks gloomy, he says, to those who are living so far in the past that they expect Canada to continue to depend on the export of surplus farm products, particularly in the form n.‘ grain. "Viewing with alarm" is being con- tinually overdone by those who see the difficul- tics and who are not brought up-to-date regard- Eng the position of agriculture. Serious difficul- ties do exist, but they must be viewed in the light o.‘ lcur favorable factors, namely?

(o) Canadian surpluses of farm products are not so large as formerly.

(b) Access is easier to the market of the United States.

(c) Export surplus may be sold "on time" if necessary.

(d) Imports of non-food supplies may be ex- panded from those countries that will take our surplus food products.

Surpluses of Canadian farm products, Dr. Lattimer predicts, will not be so great in the fu- lure as in the past, because our population is now increasing more rapidly than our cultivated land is being expanded. This may be an unwel- come development for some groups that are in- terested in handling ‘surpluses far export. lit is, however, a very welcome development for the farmer who has been cajoled into supporting a protective tariff, in favour of others, by the "infant industry" argument, on the promise of a larger, domestic market, in the future.

The only surplus of serious and continuing consequence is that of wheat. The domestic market now uses 60 million bushels more each year than in the pro-war period. Considerable of this is used for live stock feed — a quantity varying according to price. For two years — i943 and I944 — both in this country and in tho United Stair, more wheat was used for live stock feed than for human consumption. This method of marketing was from compulsion, but may conceivably be resorted to again — from com- pulsian.

Tho Atlantic Pact may rondor it imporativo for Britain, United States and Canada to be- como morn closely knit, economically, than they have rocontly boon. in that clasor bond, tho Ca- nadian farmor is bound to gain. When the time countries are considered as ono unit, tho trond of population increasing more rapidly than cul- tlvatlan is expanded incomes ovon more pra- nounood. As a slnglo trading association, thoso

a

respective surpluses as they would have in sup- plying the population requirements of a more balanced and dynamic Canadian economy. "Always more interested in what is done to agriculture rather than what is done for the business," Dr. Lattimer concludes, “l am can- fident that the farmers of Canada — who suc- cessfully revolutionized their industry to meet the challenge of the war years — will be able to adjust and revamp their business of producing food, to suit the new conditions of our time."

{EDITORIAL NOTES/-

Destruction of the Bastille this data l789_— the beginning of French democratic power, now represented by the Fete Nationale of France.

Q I lit

Margarine is not excluded from New Bruns- wick, but proclamation of the Sale Act means that manufacturers of substitutes will have to "mind their step." I i Mr. J. Watson MacNaught, M. P. assistant Minister of Fisheries, began his duties in the new Parliament by officially opening the Pictou Lobster Carnival yesterday.

About the only people working these days are people who need not work-at least indoors. Those out-of-door workers envy those sheltered from the heat of the sun, while the indoor work- ers long to be out in the open. R * I

The offer of the R.C.A.F. station to pre- sent the town of Summerside with a fountain for Memorial Park is a most agreeable gesture and indicative of the good feeling between citi- zens and airmen.

i Q

In Charlottetown the conflict between the improvement of our squares as pleasant open spaces for all ages and the need for playgrounds is unresolved. In this as in .all things a balance must be reached. Neither object can be fully obtained.

U U U Knowledge of Infantile Paralysis, "polio", has greatly increased in recent years but still the advent of the hat weather danger season calls for special attention to the laws of health to re- duce risk of infection.

4 I I

Canada, it has to be recorded with regret, is the only member of the Atlantic Pact not mak- ing any adequate contribution to the military power of the Pact. We continue to be very ac- tive in U. N. affairs, but not to arm to enforce world peace.-

l U l

The C.P.R. objects to Freight Rates being made a political issue, notwithstanding that the Government made it so, and the Royal Commis- sion is operating un-der Government appoint- ment. Premier Angus L. Macd-onald has not tak- en it lying down, and hit back at the C. P. R. in his initial argument.‘

WwSnrinmer railway serviceis in operation again witlr-the-extra train each wayruérweancislasaa: points and Montreal. The average age of travel~- lers is considerably older than during the war and immediately post war years and the can- venience of the through sleeping car service cor- respondingly more appreciated.

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Summerside's not so agreeable relations with speedsters could perhaps be improved by a’ strategem used by the civil authorities in a far Eastern city when Japanese military vehicles persisted in racing about. The streets were made slightly wavy, unnoticeably so at slow speeds but sufficiently to cause a car at high speed to tend to become air-borne.

‘k I

lt was reported yesterday that a strawberry air plane en route to Boston had met with an accident. Inquiry at the Maritime Een-tral Air- ways, however, disclosed this was not so. Owing to bad weather the pilot descended safely before reaching his destination, but shortly afterwards resumed his journey, and in the afternoon re- turned safely to Charlottetown without undue delay.

A’ "k i

The Governor-General is notimuch in resi- dence at St. Andrews-by-the-Sea. He has been away in the Arctic settlement at Aklavik, where he met Lord Montgomery's brother, Canon Manl- gomery, and both of them spoke at a brief pub- lic ceremony before the Governor-General de- parted for Norman Wells. At Dawson City, he met some 30 veterans of the I898 gold rush and appeared to enjoy their company. At latest re- ports His Excellency was back in Ottawa pre- sumably waiting for the opening of Parliament.

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The socont oloction indicates that there aro only 32 vet Communists. Out of approximately 40,000 eligible service voters, 22,714 marked their ballots on election day -—- though some of the rest may have voted as civilians. But of the 22,714 service votes cast for candidates of all political stripes, only 32 went to Labor-Progres- sive Party (Communist) nominees. It is highly unlikely that there were many, if any, Commie servicemen eligible to mark ballots who didn't. Their record for zeal is impressive, and suggests that they make the rqost of yrhat little they have.

Nina years ago on July l5, I940, tho first Canadian military hospital to function avorsoas in World War II was officially oponod noar Taplaw, Bucks, England, by tho lato Viscount (then Rt. Hon.) R. B. Bennett. lt was construct- ed on tho grounds of tho beautiful Thames-side estate of Lord and Lady Astor whore a similar institution had been built for Canadians during tho First Great War. Rent for tho hospital grounds was fixed at tho unbelievably low fig- uro of one shilling par yoarl The cast of build- ing and equipping tho sooner hospital was $1,000,000, and was borne by tho Canadian Rod Cross Society. Over a period of fivo yoars, 25,068 Canadian servicemen and woman worn treated at Toplaw. Tho first patient was odmittod nino days aftor tho promises oponod and during tho war yoars tho hospital was staffed at different

time countries - acting -togothor -~should horn as Ills-lo ditficultv lo dhooslna at their

.,

THE GUARDIAN.

Sir Stafford Cripps On Britain's Gold And Dollar Reserves

(UK. Information Office)

Slr Stafford CrlpPs. the Chon- cellor of the Exchequer, spa-asking lr_i the United Kingdom house o1 Commons on July oth on Britain's gold and dollar reserves. sold: ‘The usual quarterly statement. on the balance of payments and its Eifefit 0n our rtserves of gold and dc-llars ls now duo and the figures are being published today During recent months there has been a. de- cline of business activity in many DBMS 0f the world. lnsttud of a sellers’ market we now have u buyers’ market.

"The most dlfflcult. problem with which the sterling area has been facfd is in its balance of trade and payments Wlbh the dollar area. This has been well demonstrated by the critical effect of the dollar shortage upon our sterling economy over the lest few years. The de- cline 1n the demand from the dol- lar area. for sterling area. goods naturally brings wllh lt important consequences.

"This change in the financial and commercial clLmale has meant that. the shortage of dollars ln the sterling area. has beccme evcn more marked. As the House ls aware from the Aprll and May figures of overseas trade, there has been a considerable falling-off in our sale-s to the U.S.A. and this has reduced our dollar earnings This decline has been even more marked in the case of other parts of the sterling urea. particularly those selling primary commodities l0 the U S.A., where both quant- llies and prices have moved sharp- ly (IOWIIWBIdS.

“It. ls coed to know that our sales to Canada were well maln- tamed in the month of May and that. 1n that month they were very nearly at; an pll-‘llnle record.

“We hope that. these exports will be increased stlll further, cs- eclelly as the result of the action- aken by industry and by the Gov- crnrnenr following the visit of the President of the Board of ‘Trade lo Canada. We are also hopeful that our exports to the U.S A \\'1ll resume their upward tendency, It cannot be emphasized too often.- rhat this ls by far the most. urgent and ilfnporlant task of all those concerned with exports. Successln that task does. of course, also de- pend on the vrillingncss of the United States and Canada fo ac- cept. our exports and to continue to purchase raw materials which the sterling area. can supply.

"As a result of the decline in demand, our dollar gpp has wldeu- ccl a nln and a new, unfavourable posit on has developed. Whllc awaiting lho figures for the second quarter of 1949 to make lls usual quarterly announcement. the Gov- ernment. lrr the course of its normal review of the situation has already taken certain prclirmlnary steps to deal with this situation.

“The figures cf our dollar deficit, before taking account. of E.P.R assistance, of the Canadian credit or of drcnvirugs on the International Monetary Fund. were ln the four quart-firs of 1948: £147 mllllan, £107 million, £76 million. £93 mll- lion, In the first quarter of 1949 the corresponding figure was £82 million. The Economy Survey ave an estimate of £195 mllllon or the first half of 1949, which would have allowed for a. dollar geflciipf £113 ml-lllen for ihe sec- .on€.quar'leTrii ‘ieipenalture M115. expected to increase temporarily

in line with our E.R.P. pro- gramme. In the event. however, the dollar deficit for the three

months oo the 30th of June has risen to £157 mllllon. “There were no drawings during the quarter from the Internation- al Monetary Fund, but after tak- lnrz account 0t £85 mllllon for E. R.P. reimbursement and £7 mil- lion from the Canadian credit, the reserves of the sterling area fell from £471 million at the 31st. of March last. to £406 million at the 30th of June, There ls also a. sum of about £20 million owing to us under E.R.P_. for goods for which we have already paid. In addition. part of the E.R..P. allocation made to us in respect of the first fifteen months of E.R..P. old ls designed to cover supplies which will not come forward or be paid for until a. later dale.

"Though this fall in our reserves is a serious develo ent, yet any comparison with t. e events of July and August 1947 would be ent- irely misleading. In 1947, though our own recovery was under way. we were sllll ln the middle of the

process of reconverslon and redeployment which had itself been checked by the fuel crisis ln

February of that. year. In West- ern Europe as a. whole, economic recovery had made little headway and the political situation was marked by weakness and uncert- alnty. 0 0 O

"Today. as the result. of the conclusion of the Brussels Pact, the establishment of O.E.E.C.. and the signature of t.he_Atlenl.lc pact. our own position and that. of the other countries concerned have been immeasurably strength- ened. We have behind us in the United Kingdom two years of ex- penditure on capital goods on an unprecedented scale and of unin- terrupted economic progress. We have taken a variety of measures to deal with the Inflationary situ- ation with which in 1947 we were threatened. Our production ts st a record level for the whole of our history and our exports are as high as thev have been and half as high again as in mid-lost. We have practically reached n. state of overall balance ln our avcrseaa trade All this has been made poe- sllble by the great. efforts of our awn people and hy the generous help of the U 8.11, and Canada. esb€clally through the European Recovery Programme, which ls so large a factor in the Vlkwgress that is helna made and which will, I hope, ercrlable us to expand Europ-

rhot. We eon dcol the present unfavourable turn in our affairs. But o dtnln upon our reseryes st. the present rote calls for immediate corrective action so

estyh Government o1: once tn the pursuance of must remain the molar objective of our flnsnclol policy. the safe- guarding of t mane; of the sterling oreo. Before the mldalb of Juno we hod. much to out regret. been compelled events to give instructions to oi our pwahoolnn daportmo

Th onaotl

be continued far at months and until after slons to which I om Existing contracts

00st. tho dlooul- and

times by members of tho 5th, 7th and llth Ca- nadian Gonoral Hospitals, - _

mantis. will ‘rgaolram h

about. to refute m ma but

CI-IARLOTTETU .l.} .

illltl the Blessings of Both

Making A Mechanical Mind

(U. K. Information)

Since the war experiments have been going on both in the U. S. and Britain in an attempt to pro- duce n mechanical brain that. really compares with the human intellect.

Such a machine has just been evolved by a United Kingdom scientist working at Manchester University. Owing to his work a mechanical apparatus has been produced which can solve prob- lems which it is almost impos- sible for the human brain to work out an paper.

This amazing mechanical mind has been built by Professor T. Williams, the Department of Electra-Te hnics at Manchester University, England. It is being tested by two of the University's leading mathematicians, who re- port that lt ls working quite sat- isfactorily. It has just produced an answer, fn n matter of weeks, to a problem set in the 17th cen- fury which is only now being completed by human methods of calculation.

There ls a close analogy be- tween the structure of the mach- ine and thatof man's brain. When

"digatespbyrmeans of a pattern of dots, what information is contain- ed in it. It. differs from. and sur- passes, other mechanical brains which have been constructed, in that it can store and retain ln- formation.

The particular sysfem of elect- ronics embodied in its structure also ensures that this information is readily accessible.

One of the experts who are now testing it describes it as only n foretaste of what is to come. “We have to gain more experi- ence with the machine before we really know its capabilities," he said. “I do not see why lt should not enter any one of the fields normally covered by human intel- lect. and eventually compete on equal terms."

Special research ls being di- rected to finding the degree of ln- tellectual activity to which the machine can actually be capable. Tests are also being made to dis. cover to what extent it can think for itself."

Umbrage Of Parrots

(The Times, London)

There ls not. as there is between soldiers and sailors, wetbobs and dfybobs or the hunters of foxes and the shooters at‘ pheasants, nn auto. maflc clash of interests between parrot-lovers and scientists. A man can be both nt the came time. So can a woman. Scientists have prob- F‘ 1y done more to help parrot-lav. ers than parrot-lovers, taking it by "lid 18789. have done to help scion. tints. but there ls not on this score l)!‘ feeling of superiority an the one

and or of- lnferlorlty an the other, In normal times these two cluggeg 0! Dersan hit it off well enough. But since Professor Jefferson dellv. ered the Lister Orntion n chm-g "m, n80 a marked coolness, latterly lmrderl"! "PBII tension, H“ d9. yeloped between them. It arose

mm a remark which the Professor was quoted as having mndg when sneaking of the mechanical brain "It was not enough," he w" "I PM“! on ravlnir. “to build n mn- ehlne which could use wards; it

l" "i! H!!! dollar vurohues and

Will only b9 lvgrn what‘ . eye eaPPfri-dugllve power is the found- fififjh?" Ilglliml“ lmiiftlt-ll: etlon of n country's economic on,” mmqm, “t 9 "will!" strength and ours has grown to "muted flmam'P°" WI only-be such an extent in the pnfqtaegwo f,“ ‘t ‘ male“ rgaentfnl. and years or to five “ggctppfiy Mae‘ (To no continued)

it is in aetiorua cathode-ray. ln- __

FROM "AFTER-THOUGHT"

Ah, God! the petty fools of rhyme,

That shriek and sweat in plgmy wars

Before the stony face of Time,

And loolcd at by the silent stnrs;—