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GUARDIAN - ~ - 1 rmar or lim." ' PAGE

for our Agri.

uTlls Fu-m _and the '91' “sit saturday,

more matt.. ns, ,,,_

“.5” ",° had anticinatsq °° °1°\l the ground, ws W' lwtion in today’s lt Will srncar

”‘ °‘“' M°"=1\1s nsily in our Evening pall,

we have sr- of prominent

. ‘Fl°u1turalists for con- gn uma’ "il Practical These will be treated in to Prince Edward 1,.

and we feel gn.-9 Wm

i“°°'°°¢ll\s and profitable

of this section will he A .350 'markets abroad in fI.\'m0l‘B 0|., our province

farmers to write ns bd

topic of ge.l.c'ai in.

Wm P9 Pleased to receive “ l'° “ny improvement

i section or any

W1 be adopted to furthe. interests of the province.

for publication should

_,hands early each week to

°n_l\11'°- iwrtlon in the next satin-dey

-al--'f

»_. - ef;-_NOTABIJE l-IERD.

'l‘ll0'Fs.l‘mcr's Advocate, The Can.

adfan Farm and the Maritime Fm-. mer all contain very flattering no. tical of the record made in the mill; test at.,tha Winter Fair held at Am. 31°F* by M¢_Rae and Sons’ herd of Ayl°l\\il’0l.~. particularly by "Mug Illllil Till. ‘\, ` - ,ln each class the standing oi the re. P°°¢i'° WW” is commited ss follows: 30 lwlllts for oacli pound of fat; 3 points for each _pound of solids not fill., |\‘l(l 1 P0ll1t' lOl' 6B.cll ten dayg in mllkafter the first thirty days. _lnflz hours -'l/iilinnsld vth." msn.,

atotal of 240.12 points, the highest 90926 that has yet been made at Am- hetstpln the three days she gave 188 lbs. milk testing 4.09 per cent. But- ter fat. Her best day was 64.8 lbs., slid har average daily milking 63 lbs. .-.The higliest scoring Ayrshire at the Winter Fslr at Guelph lssi ye... ...ses 209.78 D°lnf_.s, and the Sweepstakes Cow at Ottawa which was also an Ayrshire, made 246.13; although as a

me year 0id this cow gave only 8,-

-.76 lbs. milk and 305 lbs. Butter

lat. sold lor, $1000.00. 0! tho, ,lnosil ,renisrksbie things at this .Amherst test and one renect- liig much credit os the skill ol the man in charge was the amount 0.l~ mal-,l consumed by "Mi1kn'laid' 7th." Although weoghing probably less than 1,000 lbs., she ate daily 24 lbs. meal, made up as follows: 9 lbs. ggi-ln, 6 lbs. bran, 1-3 lbs. Molassine meal, 8 lbs. Oli Cake and 4§ lbs. detton-Seed and came out of the test apparently fresh and vigorous; ready fo; another three days test if ne- f

i'Milklrlsld 7th." did not make her

wor1d's record however by producing a very large amount. 'of milk at any tlilm. but by her persistency. As a two~yesr`-old. she gave in twelve months 11,676 lbs. of milh; an aver- age of 973, lbs. per month, but her best month was only 1047 lbs., and in har' eleventh month (just three months before dropping her next calf) sbs pvc 946 lbs. She is again in the hit and bids fair to make another riord. During the month of Novem- ber' sbs gave 1808 lbs, milk, testing Four per cent. An Ayrshire record has recently been made in the United Stltss ol 20,100 lbs., but if “Milk- msitl 7th.” is as persistent as she

‘ls last time, she may he able even

‘l‘

llsl ll ills ‘illslaulllllllli

‘fl --g-ro---9

Lille Raw Meat. ltched and So Badly Could Not Rest er Dey, Arms'.Sore from to Elbow. Cuflcura Soap

Completely Cured.

lysvs soells.-"Three

with soro arms.

arms looked like

and burned so badly hy gf dgy, When I

awfully sore. As

was warm it didn'b but in winter it WU My arms wsru ION

nil

were recom- any avail. I

of Outiollrs did. I used

Wm!

and a about than I

six

Ointment Miss Elsie

[Ml

FII

.B190 lnsking a good showing, averag-

°r 'Th°|i|°0lthec in . st ber. 50° should ho‘:v‘;ver,“`_l:¢l able for the Canadian Record which is now held by. ..PHmw“-.. °!<,,1.&ug-l°_` Kyld, owned by Woodissse Bros.,. . 0; m‘:,""*k “L-1l2&¢odo. with, 16,125.5 lbs( __ .02 lhs. Butter lst., .l Mmmiiil 7th". has also a good

record inthe show ring. . Bhd I bien exhibited every year sinos;f sb;

5 911° ycnl' old and has never- been

beaten. For the last two ysqgel in ‘beam been Grand Champion over, all 1; s at the Provincial Exhibi bb, _

“ii this is not the onl 'o& 'eng

Miich Cow owned by Mcllalls ie. gb" lb1;°"g';it*i¢l" has a record of. 575,17

~ “ °f ill. billlg the third high.

°°* P'°‘i“°1“2 Ayrshire and the sth hlghm °l any breed in Canada. Last year “Belvidere Princess" was the “Kms” 5°°1'1ll8 Pure Bred two year old at the Amherst Fair. She is a- sain in the test and is at present *i‘°° Kivius 42 lhs. of milk dsily, i°'ti”B 4~5 Der cent. In the Show ff;/’,"¥u °“° "28 only beaten once.

o ie Bswn qualified for the Re-

gard of Performance with nearly 40 Ls. of Butter fat to spare. “Spicy tu? has not yet completed her °‘;» Wi- Sho gives promise of making a ig record. She is at present giving 52 lbs. of milk daily. Her last test, for butter fat was 3.7 per cent. An. drew Elliott who placed the Dairyl Glitlc at the Provincial Exhibition" last year, said she had the best. mill# veins and wells of any cow he had ev- er examined. "Annie Laurie 3rd.” is

ins over 40 lbs. milk daily. 'sus however. lr-.st with ss accident inthe pasture field that will reduce ber re- cord considerably. At the present ' llmc Mulino and Sons have Five cows entered in the Test. ~ They have great faith in Ayrshire

cattle as money-makers, and lngl; Autumn purchased some partlcularlyl good stock recently brought out from Scotland. In selecting their rounds, tion stock, McRae and Sons havubocn careful to avoid the short-tcated»Ayr- ‘ il1ll`0. with the result that their whole] herd is free from this all-too-common- fault of this breed.

But some one may say “these cows, BN nlilkillg Well. but .they are being well fed, and are they paying?" This, is a most important question. For the month .of November "Milk-

maid 7th." ate daily ii lbs. bran,7 lbs. oats, B lbs. Cottonseed, 3 l-bs. Oil cake, 8 lbs. hay and 72 lbs. turnips, wcrth at present prices a- bout 41ic .a day, or $12.45 for the month. She produced 1808 lbs. milk testing 4 per cent or 72.32 lbs. but- ter fat, equal to 84.37 lbs. butter, worth at 27c per lb. $22.78. The skim milk would be worth $3.62, making the total value of the milk $26.40, and giving a profit of $13.95 or over 110 per cent. There are other herds of cattle in the Province but that have not lately

come into such prominence.

It is such herds as these however

that will make Dairying in Prince Ed- ward Island profitable, and will make an appeal to the young men which will unduce them to remain in Prince

Edward Island.

THEODORE ROSS. ,

TURKEY RAISING.

Turkeys thrive best when given a free range, where (they can pick up the greater part of their livlng.and select their own nests in scheduled places. Turkeys will bear confinement less than any other of our domestic fowls.. When the birds have reached a ma- turity stage, however, they may,if of a hardy strain, be kept in a limited space. Young stock are very tender up to the age of four weeks, and again at the time they begin t0 sll0W the real head; here natural condi- tions are the only safe guard. Turkeys do not require houses to

sleep in; low roots outside are all that are necessary either-for old or young birds; the lem coddling the better. When the young are hatched. allowthem to roam at will. Wh” they will pick up the natural 10011 in insect-lilo, green stud. and lrrii- but keep the mother locked up for the first few days. After the birds are thirty-six hours hatched Si” l/Mm stale bread soaked in milk and iii'-WW' ed dry, occasionally giving them rice that has been boiled in milk.0atmesl, broken wbeat,bar1ey-meal,and maine- lneal may also be siV°i'1- The food must be mixed to a dry bongtlbusncy. Do not force the young chicks t`o eat; the old hen knows best. and will teach them at itl10 l`lBl1i» uma, Feed sparingly for the first few days, but feed often; a feed every thi-se hours is B good rule. After the chicks dre four weeks old feed three times a day with broken grains. .At this' stage they n'\0Ffly M810 *-0 Wan' der, and sometimes only come homo for the morning and evening meals. I

Turkeys do not reach maturity un- til they are three y€°»"° °1di *h°"°‘ fs.-s it is s nustako to bf°°<i A“',°‘“ birds under two years Ol 38°- N' quent change of blood is essential. The hens lay from twenty W ¢hl"Y ` eggs, and then become broody- Tbe most dgsirrble brged gl cues:

hi vos a BFE -

H,f§°f:'ells chalalest el su breeds. :even with the Bronse however, s fre- ........t change ol blood is eslelnlisk Btmdgm weights of Bronse - lb _ wg., selh.; ysarling cook. 33 ~. eeekerel, 25lb'.3 UW. Iillb.; pullet,

lsli..

g--f‘1”‘*i'-°-'1. .

rlmranmo Fowl. ron MARKET-

h has made a suecell of

til milllsrig rlvulr his °l§*{‘°“°°° ln preparing fowl. Willa* |01 °" °"° dollar snd s hall ref wr. 1°'¢°‘°.°i

H my pair, gl hs l1llll0f‘

fifty can .__ m*ly awgpfn. HC III. ll Pint" ‘at

_,\,,,,`_

|191

2.19}

Thomas (P). bl.k.s.. by The

Yipkoh. Fredericton, July

... ss-... ...~ .. . 219

,lava _ s - - ... . -... ...... . f

0h¢rrv_._R%l>o (rl. b.g., hy Park-

side, ' Charlottetown, Sep- fsmber 36...... 2.21

°”°”0N- 1 this ~ I .. chshslus, Jr. (ni, hung., by

Front ones on end for the birds to' Chahallis, Fredericton, Ang- \

bold four, or five birds. A V-shaped f-Quill!! ia* fastened in front ot crate

first'-#siting with iiliact powdery then

should get water to drink every day; 8190 drill about once a week. We never give beef scrap, as we find the milk does just as wsll. We have tried Plymouth Rocks and Orpingtons, but |104 Wynndottos fa-tten most easily, and are plumper. We kill by dislocat-

Eguthe neck and plucking immediate-

‘l THE MARKEYPS TI-IIS WEEK

Montreal and Toronto:-Chickens, 13 t0 15C.; Ducks, 18 to 20c.; Geese", 16 to 17c.; Turkeys 23 to 25c.; eggs cold storage, 25c.; eggs, newi laid. 45 to 50c.; butter, creamery prints. al to szc.; hotter, dsl.-y| prints, 26 to 27c.;chsesa 142 to 15c; dressed hogs 11 to llbc.; beef, fore- iiuarter, 71 to 8}c.; beef, bindquar- ter, 11; to 12c.

CHICAGO LIVE STOCK

Chicago Market weak-Beeves, $5.40 ‘to $9.45; stockers and feeders, $4.25 to $7.25; calves, $6.50 to $10.00.

Hogs-Receipts, 22,000. Market

weak and 101: lower. Light, $6.80 to $7.15; mixed $6.90 to $7.25; bea- vy. $6.35 to $7.25; tough, $6.85 to $7.00; pigs, $5.00 to' $6.85; bulk of sales, $7.10 to $7.20.

Sheep-Receipts, $15,000. Native,

$3.85 to $5.00; western, $3.90 to $4.90; yearlings, $5.40 to $6.60. Lambs, native, $5.75 to $8.00; west- ern, 6.00 to $7.90.

BUFFALO LIVE STOCK

East Buffalo- Cattle- Receipts,

1,200; slow and easy.

Veais- Receipts, 100; active and

steady at $4 to $11.50.

Hogs- Receipts, 6.400: heavy, $7.40 to ‘$7.45; mixed, $7.35 to $7.40; I pigs, $7.40 to $7.60; rough. $6.50 to' $6.76.- >- ' `

Sheep e-nd lambs- Receipts, 10,000,_

slow; lambs, $4.50 to $8.35; yearling slow; lambs; $4.50 to $8.35; year-

lings, 6 to $6.50; wcthers, $4.75 to! $5

ST. JOHN MARKETS.

In St. John, N. B., on Friday tur-

key was selling at from twenty-six to twenty-eight ce/nts a pound, ducks from $1.50 to $2.00. geese from $1.50 to $2 and chickens at $1 to $1.50 a pair. Roast beef was selling at f1'0ln ten to twenty cents, and steak at from sixteen to twenty-four.__Pota- toes at twentv-five cents, turnlps at twenty cents. Eggs were scarce and were selling as high as fortv-five cents. Butter at from twenty-eight to thirty-two cents.

MARITIME Pnovlucn lioness.

2.30-1912.

New performers, will! Salt El‘7°il

where known.

Minnie <l>). um.. bv Brazilian.

Fredericton, July 2.17}

Miss Lightfoot (D). ll-In-. by

Senator Patch, Fredericton. July is.. 2.12;

Roland Leslie (P). bf-lie by Al'

dine. st. stephen. Septem-

-M~W“*”

Aiioon-io Stock-ralsers

To Know How to Cure Colic, Dis- temper, Colds, Sweliings. etc., Saves Thousands Each Year.

Of Practical Interest to H0l'B°m°“-

It, is n matter of vital importance

to every farmer, horse-owner. and stock-raiser to know exactly Wlilt 10 do when one of his animals is taken suddenly sick.

The letter of Mr. Frank G. Fuller- ton, which we print b°i°w sim ina formation of inestimalblc value. lil tells of his experience in curing allills stock during the past ,thirty-oisht years.

[_ Saved

l.00o Br

*Several years aw

whgn my \\Ol'l0 COOK colic I used to Ki” them Cayenne Pell- per in hot milk. bill? in s. few cases only did I help. “<1 5°'

N¢1’Vl|li\0 cause I has no P10*

per means at hand

__ I lost several

valuable animals. Some one told me of the success Mr.,» Wqndllns. Ol Hoekviile Ont., ,had in his l-sci stables with -nerviline; ss 1 lsld is g supply. It was'n't vary long before Narviia saved the life of a valuable ,stallion of mine, which was worth at least $1,000.00. This horse was taken with colfc, and would have died had it not been for Nsrviline. I have need Ni;-Q`il,fne saved the life of a valuable turing one distemper lumps. and emu; s had couch. wi »\v\v» found it worked well. I recommend ev°\‘y

Nsrvilins on hand."

"We use crstessix still I ..

' M hum and twin-'~

1°" ' (inside measurement).

ty indhsl

are leiriehwln of emi

M , ,. , q:¢\'¢.,~,-CM-`fl.'4¥\

. - n

mu wa mba, ‘“¢,$ y"mnHWh. Ont., and Bul-

sisa bottles, soc; small sue. ng . .gl anim, or The Catan-rllcsona

f°°<i tllronsh. slats are hinged on use 221; i°P in three sms for vuttlns ln sad shsdslsnd, ll'ansetts"`..;§§',"`hI§if, '

:'°m°Yi|1¢ birds. Crates are dividedl . by Wilkes Nutwood, lr,-eg"- “f° Woo overfmeotl; oooh nut will' ietsn, August 2.21;

BGNPIG (¢). ,ll-In-. by Kenton,

Frollorloton. July 11...... 2.2a

f-bil:~.to n-Ln"..wta\1ih Pl user _,

'vvciilgllxrf m' ' 2; toes lhs.‘,f r llssfnca ‘lA‘llIond(i‘;2' Fgrg 'galil putting from _12 to _ 15 in s. grate," held, Ms., August 22... 2.234

Happy Georre (t), b.h., hy

leavingfthem' three , weeks. Brazilian, Snrnmerside, Sep- Birda are fed* smash* consisting prln- tsmbar z 23; villlily ol ground oats with thecosrso BSU! (i). b.m., by Blng¢°;`|`~;' ' _ hulls sifted out.._Sornetimes we use: Fredericton; July 17,_, ,,_' 234|. °°1`“l!=¢8l. about ona’psr-t tovtwo of Krsmnut (t), b.g., by Kalol, 03*-8. but as this gives the flesh a yel-| HBIUBX. September 18... 2.24) l°W tim. and as we like a white-flesh-' Baron Cecil (8) (t), b.c., by B5-

1., l .,'

fig; £116. vgoedusei' groznd este. i {onbMcI<ii:ney. 1-laiilsx, sep-

s rn x w mi or but- cm er .......... .. 2.245

termilk. lf sour or thick, all the bet- RW* W- (D). b'.!n., breeding un- ter. This rnssh will almost usd its' known. Moncton. august 21 2.25 OWU l°V°l in B pan. We do not feed |05* Hill (P). ll-E~. by Israel, them lor ,the first day. Amr-that Sydney. July 21 ...... ..... ._ 2.25; we feed three times a day. for the Park’ '1‘» (t). .hlk.»h., by Fair

glést ixskl nearly all they will eat. asks, Halifax; September . Sli 0 B8!! two weekg ws sw’ ...... ...... ...... 2.27* them all UIBY will eat up clean. They Aq“ll`i (li). b-B.. by' Aquilin,

Ch8f'l0tt0¢OWn, September

Montrose. Jr. (ti, ning., hy

Montrose, Sydney, Septem- ber 25...... . . . . . 2.27}

Marion S. iv). b.m., hy sir

Wil iam, Middleton, July 1 2.27§

Pill! (f). ll-S., by Brazilian,

Calla, -Me., July 2.27;

Rodwlnr (ti. b-In-. hy oslrlsy

Baron, Halifax, September 12 ............... .... .. _ ....... .. 2.211

Luck (D). b.g., by Mallet, st. ,

Sf-clihen. August 2.. 2.28 `

Dr. Sharper, b.g., unknown

_ breeding, Sydney, July 272.28 Bill (nl. b-s-. hy ssrlsdom,

Aylesford, September 2.28}

Baring’s Comet (2) (t), b,e., by

Baring, Halifax, September 18 .................................. .. 2.28}

Helen R. (p), rn.nl., by Harry

K., Sydney, September-25... 2.28;

Peacock (ll). oh-s., by cisyson,

Jr., Calais, Me., July 2.2l}

Bonanza Princeton (t), b.g.,

by Princeton, Sydney, July 1. 2.28;

Robert L. fn). b.h., by Good

Luck’s Favorite, Halifax, September 12 .................. .. 2.291

Sweet Sixteen (p), b.m., Bal-

ston, Glace Bay, July 13.... 2.29}`

Lord Hastings (tl, blk.h., by

Hardwick, Halifax, Septem- ber 2 ............................ .. 2.291

Queen Banito (p), b.m., by Ban-

ito, Glace Bay, July 13 .... .. 2.295

Major Ferron (p), b.g., by Fer-

ron, Glace nay, Jniy 12.... 2.30

Slgnor (t), b.g., by The Sur-

veyor, Halifax, September

12 ................................. 2.30

Bingcas (p), b.g., by Bingen,

Fredericton, July 16, 2.151 to 2.15

Dlmlllc K. (P), b.m., by Kent-

on, Fredericton, August 7 2.16 2.15;

B.lly C. (t), ch, g., by Brazil-

ian, Halifax., September 13 , 2.16) to.....,..'. 2.15)

Dan Q., Jr. (4), b.h., by Dan ` Q., Fi-ederlcton,. August 6

2.24} to ...... ...... . ..... 2.17}

Baring (t), b.h., by Blngara,

Moncton, July 29, 2.30fJo2.18}

Muster Hill (t), b.g., by Auto-

graph, Presque Isle, Sept. 5, Z.19} to,..... . . . . ... 2.184

Helen Taft, (p), b.m., by Ervin

M, St. Stephen, Sept. 12,

’ 2.Z0} to ......................... .. 2.19} Premier, (p), b.g., by Commo- _

dore Ledyard, Halifax, Sept. 17, 2.20} to ................... .. 2.19}

Ginger, (p), b.g., by Progress

Lad, Moncton, Aug. 20.2.22 to...... ....... 2.20

Achllle the Great, (4), (p), b.

g., by Achills, Fredericton, July 16, 2.23} to... ....... 2.'J0i

Dominion D, (p), cb.g., by Bra-

zilian, Halifax, Sept. 16, 2.26) t0...... 2.20%

Maid of Pines, (p), rn.m.. by

Vassar, St. Stephens, Sept. 12 2.25 to...... 2.21;

R. w.'l=l., <p),'i..h., hy R.'r.M.,

Middleton, July 1, 2.30 to 2.21)

Nick R., (p), cb.g., by Czar, '

Halifax, Aug. 15, 2.26\ to 2.21)

Miss Temple Bar, (t), b.m., by

Temple Bar, Sydney, July 1, 2.27i t0...... 2.2il

Lookaway Boy, (p), b.g., by

Lookaway, Aylesford, Sept. 22, 2.22; to...... . ...... ..'. 2.23;

George Cresceus, .(t), ch. h., by

Cresceus, Halifax, Sept. 14, 2.27 t0 ............................ .. 2.24}

Commodore Epaulet, (t), b.g.,

by Commodore Ledyard, 2.27) to...... 2.241

Frank I. (ti. b-s-. by Israel.

Halifax, Sept. 14, 2.281 to 2 242

-Acadia Recorder.

U U I ' Prince Edward Island owners of performlers mentioned above at time of performanoc:-.- Iona' Girl, 2.19;-The MacKinnon

Drug Co.

flisdwlllg, 2.27 2--The ' MacKln\‘10n

Drug Co.

Cherry Ripe, 2.21-T. C. Edgett,

Charlottetown.

Happy George, 2.281-W. H. Semric.

ton.

Kensinlz

Kremnut, 2.24}-H. Acorn, Sourls

East.

Aqnlrl, 3,21;-J. Nicholson, Char-

lottetown. .

Ginger, 2.20-J. McKenna, Vernon River. . George Crssccus, 2.24l-Frank Besles,

Charlottetown.

'Commodore lilpaulet, 2.244-Dr. J.T.

' Jenkins, Charlottetown.

ponunlon p.,‘ 2.20!-'I2 0- Meeti-

l and D. A. MacKinnon. Char-

- iottotown. ._

‘ ,. .'.`_7, `.._.° °.'9 '

Bama 'of~‘tHs hotisllmantioned sbovs have since changed' hands.

' ohsi-fy Ripe was the largest Island money winner of 1818, annexing over M00, Iona _Girl next with $470. Do-

on D third with $410 The

ttl to 'null . , - mb) who owns horns or cs o wlmun hum “auf 0! th. nn

was see! norm. mai. owwl \> Dr. J. _A. Johnstone of Tigalsh. Il was sbs who ji-aotd Bil1y`O.tenaew ifsrltimc mark for trotters ofl.15\.

.' H*

. . -5. f,.“'iJ~.1~ - . -» . . \_\ .»1 1 . i " l J' V V .._. .. ,... . . ..................~.-¢.¢..»~.-.»~..>~»..a-.~...-... ,.............~annQ.\»..s-_-. . .-_.gas

CONSERVATION OF

THE OYBTER IN

CANADIAN WATERS.

, ,

Exhaustive Paper Read ny J. Staf- ford. ILA., Ph.D., of Montreal, Before the Dominion Commis- sion ol' Conservation.

Having been asked to speak on the

oyster before the "Commission of Conservation," it seems appropriate to select that portion of the subject which falls in line with the work of, the e0m|11ilsl0ll. This appears all the more desirable since on the one handi the present-day knowledge of the oys- 'ter has grown too extensive to bs on- compasaed in is short address, and on the other hand because of the widely prevailing opinion that the oyster is dying, out. `

Different problems have to be at-

tacked in different ways-the methods for the conservation of the forcsts~ are not applicable to oysters. And yet there are certain aspects in which they are similar.

More retention of natural resources serves no very beneficial purpose- they should he used to employ, sus- tain and enrich the people.. Preserva- tion and use are to a large extent opposed-the intermediate course is'

practicable without waste, to turn to the most necessary and valuable uses, and at the same time try to bring on a fresh supply. 0 Oysters are a food, not a fertilis-

er-they are not only a food but a luxury-yet they were once burned l0r'tlle small amount of lime yield- ed, and there was a period of- con- siderable strife es--to whether they should belong to the fishermen or the farmers. ln the meantime .the extension of trade and the rise in price decided the controversy and created n demand which excited a search for nevn beds until all our

oyster areas had been explored.

Statistics of the fishery reports

show that the production reached its maximum in 1882, from which date there has been a gradual decline.

Places that were at one time prolific (ii now yield no oysters. In some dis- tricts the season's catch is nearly

fishing. It is no uncommon spectacle to see fleets of boats assembled over promising areas awaiting the hour to start. The opinion of ilshermen, the t comparison of the annual catch, the examination of particular localities all point in one direction-that the ° fishery is failing and there is danger

The sea is not iilimltable and its

products are not inexhaustlble. Man

somethin for nothin from it. I-Ie

himself to the destruction of the more useless and the increased culti-

do the same witn regard to the sea. It may be a long time before man

control over the most valuable mi- gratory flslles, but it is very differ- ent with the oyster, which has lost all power of locomotion except for a brief. larval period. It would seem 'almost to have been expressly de- 'signad to lead man from the cultiva- tion of the land to that of the sea. The only way in which to materially and effectively increase the- number of oysters is to expend labor in extend- ing and improving the natural condi- tions that are known to be neces- sary or favorable to the existence of the oyster.

In order to intelligently and ad-

vantageously expend -labor, upon the oyster or upon its environment it is necessary to know its com-plete life- history and to know the natural conditions favorable to each different stage-egg and embryo, larva, spat and adult. Until recont,y there was at one place a great gap in the con- tinuity of our knowledge, but this, through Canadian research, is now bridged over, which puts us in a posi- tion to judge better than ever before of how, when and where to best render assistance to the oyster.

The assistance, in its nature as well as in its manner of application, de-

the natural conditions of existence, the modes of propagation and the methods of culture.

The natural conditions of existence

are either extrinsic, i.e. outside the

trinsic, i.e., within the oyster and fitting it to withstand or make use of external forces. Extrinsic condi- tions are either physical or biologi- cal-physlcal when they refer to the habitat, biological when they refer to competition and food. Intrinsic con- ditions are either anatomical and physiological or embryologicai and developmental-the first when they refer to the structure and the acti- vity of the oyster, the latter when they refer to (1) the egg and PFC' larvai stages, (2) the larval or frec- awimming stages, (.3) spat 1° “dull stages. .Tha modes of propagation are eith- er natural or artidcial-natural when

me wullurs wuil minus ul me w0nL0's llsrsllul

From the captain of industry io 'the

hod carrier-from milady in the auto to the woman vviill the scrubbing brush- flle accomplialimenis of every one of us depend absolutely on the accomplish- ments of our stomachs. Backed by a good digestion, n man can give file best that is in him. When his stomach fails,

lla becomes s_ wenkiing.

To lhis lose of En/er no one need

submit. Right abifs of eating

drinking, aiacpiug and exercise, aided by Na- ru-Cwbyspepsia Tablets, will restore and maintain the full efficiency

of the human mind and body.

Na-Dru-Co Dyspepsia Tsblcls contain the active prlnc pies needed for the , digestion of every kind of food. They go to the assistance of the weakened , siomsch, and enable the sufferer, right from the etarf, to assimilate and get the i

begat of me safes. with thiis an nee, e goat ve ns n theirtone, andsoon the nseo the meta is no longer necessary. l

If yonrstomaoli is not working Fro-

to economlze, to make go as far as t

ceive a deposit of spat and acting ll _

of its complete lass. 1

8 Z

has not been satisfied with the natur- 2 al productions of the land but set| d

vation of the most useful. Ha must d

gains anything like a satisfactoryjb

*~" -a. '. `. ‘ ' --'~f _, ‘ .V .. ,

.... -. »

‘tba eggs are regularly lpatvned into the sea-water and develop in the usu- al way, subject to the exigenelss 91 life; artificial when tba eggsare 0° 'Wm Bn Oyster and fertilized by

Prsducts are kept under the

of man.

The methods of culture of- the

ter do not start with the "B89-tue egg-as is common in the 01'!!-cr Culture-'rake Two.

begin with the spore or the seed. In 91° Fllllllk Of 5531. birds and many other animals. lt is the rule to com- nlenca with the egg. But with the oyster it is the custom to start with the spat that is already consid- erably advanced toward maturity. Oyster culture as generally carried on is about on a par with the trans- planting of fruit trees obtained from

eason why oyster culture has been,

known since early in the historic per 100. 8ll»l10uSll the egg and first stages

I development were not discovered

until comparatively recent times. It might easily happen than anchors, rope stakes or other objects left in

l.

he water of oyster regions could rc-

pon the observation of such an oc

currence somebody began to put out things for the purpose of catching spat. As experience accumulated a nearer approach to the time of spat- ting could be arrived at in the put- ting out of cultch. In such a man- ner a practical method could he de- veloped without any knowledge of what was really taking place.

In 1904, while working at Malpe-

que, P. E. I., on the development of the oyster, I made discoveries which t

brow new light on the possibilities

and methods of oyster culture. Pre- vious to that time the earliest stages of development were known only from the egg (measuring about 1-500 inch in diameter) to the young larva of about twice that size and represent- ng a period of growth of about six

ays. The next stage known was the

youngest spat of flve times the length

all 1; k th B t d of the previous stage, and about one

a en on e rs ay of open month old, reckoning from the time

o

lr

f fertilization. There was a period

of about three weeks in the life of he young oyster ‘that was not

nown. During this time it swims

about in the water, creeps or rests

n the bottom, feeds, grows' and

develops its organs. The points of

mportance from the standpoint of yster culture are to know when, where and how to procure and ob-

o

cannot expect to continually get serve the larvae during this period

ecause it is the period immediately revious to spatting and if we can eep track of their progress we .can etermine the best time to put ' out

cultch.

The larvae may be procured by ragging a ilne net, made of bolting cloth, behind a boat over oyster beds. Water Blters through. the net, ut many small particles are collect- ed in it.. Examination of the contents with a microscope shows oyster lar- vae, among many other things. It is possible by examining collections every day or two to follow up the growth of the larvae to the time when most of them are large enough, to settle on to shells, stones or other objects and become attached as spat..

It is well known that cultch to be

successful in the catching of spat must be clean and fresh. After it has been in the water a few. days it he- comes coated with slime and sedi- ment to such an extent that the lar- vae can find few or no spots upon which they are able to hx themselves. It is on this account that old oyster shells are taken out of the water and dried and bleached in the sun to pre- pare them as good cultch. Observa- tion of the success or failure over a long period of time has narrowed down the date for putting out cultch to the latter part of June or first week of July. Sometimes they strike the right time, sometimes not. If they do not there is a great loss of labor, as well as the failure to get “need." Winslow (1884) wrote: "Thousands of dollars would be nn- nunlly saved by the Connecticut oys-

pwds “specially “po” a' knowledge ol termen if they could determine. with

any approximate accuracy, the dats when the attachment rf the young oyster would occur. Hundreds of thousands would he saved if they had any reliable method of determin-

°"t°r and "acting “pon it' or in' ing the probabilities of the season."

An expert, instructed and qualified

in the method, can now tell, almost to a day, when is the proper time to plant shells. The three most import- ant evcnts in the developmental life of the oyster, of practical use to man. are (1) spawning or depositing of the eggs, (2) swarming or swim- ming of the larvae, (3) snsttins of fixation of the full-sized larvae onto shells or other obiects. From thc position of oysters below water, as well as from the small size of the eggs, larvae and young spat. these three events cannot be directly ob- served, hut they can he determined by carrying on n series of observa- tions. Tho time of spawning may he arrived at bv examining the genital organs of adult oysters to see when the eggs are rine. The time of swarm- ing man be found by examining _the catch of the plankton net. The time of spatting may be determined by cx-

amining natural nr improvised cultch

to observe if there are any young spat already formed. The first plan is not very useful because it comcs too lon! before -the best time for D\1*‘ ting out cnltchf The last is not very practicable because if soat are

already formed it may be too late to

secure a good catch. The second is the only practicable and conclusive matbod because it is possible to take dglly catches and tn lnl‘ow the vrnwth of tb- larvae right up to the time for spattfns. This almost re- moves the process of catcblnz soar. from the rewlon of doubt. 'canrice and chance to that of expectancy. regu- larity and certainty., It makes oys~ ter culture an sure ss farminz. It does not start at the same place as the artidciai method that has not proved siwcasafvi, nor at the slime place as the historic cultural method which has been so long in use. But it takes account of both and begins between them just in time to

l N D C Dysg'epsfs'i‘b ta.

;:rc.,a't“ry%ur.dr\l&Is‘;‘s. sflobal 11:11 and Chemical of &nads, Limlielf

Ubntrtll. up

strengthen the one weak point in the latter. It takes advantage of the

spcrmgfrom another oyster, while the

onsit-

As a -method it may ' bs proposed observe the natllrslcon- ditions of existence-both extrinsic and intrinsic-of the oyster and of ,each different stage of the develop- ment. Distingoisll- the usssul 'Tram

culture of most livin thin s. I th ' cultivation of plantsg it ing usulll ti: gl:q¢?v:-ri-m‘:;uFliwn`ln sf: :lllh.l::l:l'°:vto

ithe former, decrease and remove, tba 'lattcr. Assistance may bs givsl (1) |to~the. oyster' or its“ll¢V¢l6Di|l¢ stesos. (2) to its snvu-onnisot.,'rhs best outlook appears to-be to -o crease the set of spat. To' thier. Q prepare new beds and extend old jams, lsupply them with spawnsrs, "and,e.bsvp Fwd! Bu.-s/bundnpt supply of cultch. By the method described daterpiina

8 u d l ki ft th - . - tiintbztyryargan full,ogr:>!5nl.` ell-his°i:1t‘lllelth° time of maximum spattinv br

r I

o

fore planting the cultch. Inav un- disturbed for a few weeks to ls; the spat grow. When large enough sepa- 1°Bf-° “Hd tfllllifllllnt to where thsrsis plenty of room and an abundance ol food. Remove sediment, ,weeds, nav mics. . .

To accomplish this oyster fishermen

must become farmers. They cannot expect to troop to the oyster beds and carry away `a bounteous barveht without assisting in its production/ Hitherto there has been no induce-

ment for fishermen to expend labor upon the beds, because others would join in the fishing and reap the bane- fit of their labor. = ~ -

What is required is to be able to

obtain a freehold tenure or a lon lease to water areas in a similsg way to what land areas may bo ac- quired, to have these areas surveyed and marked off, protected as private property and be subject to regula- tions as at present.

With this encouragement many fish-

ermen and farmers may be induced to take up oyster culture as an in- dl-\BU`y. and devote their labor a d their earnings to the improvemenfef oyster beds, the increase of the pro- duction, the benefit of the trade. and the supply of a wholesome food. "

To facilitate and encourage thsq

undertakings requires that adjust* ment between the Dominion and Pro- vincial governments necessary to tlld granting of private right and iegai_ protection to oyster farms. »- -

In addition the Govemrnent could

originate a campaign of educational fishermen, farmers, cuiturists, ovif- sears, traders, shippers or others concerned, with regard to the im- portance of the new departure and the best methods to be used, asvsoli as give a demonstration on a large scale of bow to conducr.‘thc opera- tions and to prove their value. It might institute an experimental oys- ter farm to continue the investiga- tion of oyster questions, to test the application of suggestions, and to reduce cultural knowledge to a sys-

tem.

ln this connection I may mention

thc transplantation by the Dominion Government, in 1896 and in 1905, of small numbers of Prince Edward Is- land oysters to__ the ,Pacific Coast. Last summer I had an opportunity of examining some of the survivors and found them growing and breed- ing, which proves their adaptability; and the advisability of making furth- er moro extensive transplantations to various parts of the coasts of

our maritime provinces, both on tile Atlantic and on the Pacific. Th e is one suggestion, viz., that the ship! ing and especial‘y the planting be placed in the hands of somebody conversant with the l‘fa history and physical requirements of the oyster. There is no use transferring bl-ood' oysters to be dumped into mud\ or- exposed to sun and frost or even to .Indian and picknickers. -‘

In the Unitcd States oysters have

(Continued on Page 14) '

Mtn Who _

llon’i Exercise

Suffer from lndigeiflon, Hes*

aches, Poor Appetite, ' " '

5l¢cp'essn. ss.

Nothing so Sure to “Set Up" is Msn Make Him Feel Hrislr. and Vig- orous, as Dr. Hamilton‘a Pills.

Lack of exercise and overwork ware

the causes that combined to almost kill Samuel S. Stephens, Jr., one of the best known citilens in W00d- stock.

In his convincing letter, Mr. Step-

hens saysz-

“A year ago I returned home al-

'.1

lilli

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V <;/ 1'* l . , .

A?-

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~l.\\ ' .- 1'* . `;-‘rf

ter a long trip, completely worn out. I was so badly affected hy chronic biliousness, so much overcome by constant headaches, dissinsss, that I dcspairsd of ever getting well. T "It was a blessing that I used Dr. Hsmllton's Pills. In one weak I felt like 3 new man. The feeling of weight and nausea in my stomach disapc' peered. My eyes looked brighttr. color grew better, and, best ofsli. I began to enioy my meals. The lil- xinees, langour and feelin( of lkskd- sion passed away. and I fast rrplib cd my old-time vigor and spirits. 'I0- day I am well-thanks to Dr. Hsin- ilton'a Pills." For health. strength. comfort and

,good spirits there is no medicine like Dr. 1-lamilton'a Pills. lee. psi' box. v boxes for8i00 at all nm

.,_~

The Catstrholoiil Co., Buffalo. ll. Y, had Kingston, Canada.