Guardian

:Me Prince Edward Island like The Deer

, W. .l. Hancox. Publisher

Frank Walker Editor

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“The strongest memory is weaker than the weakest ink“

IOSO West

PAGE i—sKi‘uii‘oTinocronnawii:_ Him. I

China Joins The Club

Hard on the heels of the leader-

7 ship shakeup in Moscow came the

news, yesterday. of China's ex- plosion of its first. nuclear bomb. The event had been anticipated at. Washington, and caused no great surprise in the West; but that doesn‘t lessen tho gravity of its pos— sible consequences. China has bev come the fifth nuclear power after the United States. Russia. Britain and Franco. Now it has called for a summit conference on the abol- ition of all nuclear weapons. The more likely result will be to speed up their proliferation.

This is especially the case if yes- terday's blast in the atmos- phere. running counter to the test- ban treaty of July, 1963. which China refused to sign.

Japan Is directly in the path of the prevailing winds off China and the Sinkiang Desert. Any fallout. from the ("hincssc device is almost. certain to bring a vigorous protest from the Japanese government. One question raised by a Washington correspondent is whether. in that event. the I'uitcd States. with Japanese acqtiicsconcc, would place nuclear weapons in Japan to counter the Chinese threat. as it develops in the next few years.

It is expected that. india will have to reassess its position on nuclear weapons for the same reason. No more than Japan does it trust (Thin— ese intentions. and who can blame it?

Lately. it will be recalled. Prem- Ier Khrushchev talked about mon- strous new nuclear weapon develop— ed by Soviet scientists which seem- ed to contradict his claim that Rus- etc was seeking a curtailment of the nuclear arms race.. This may well have been intended to offset the psychological impact of China‘s im- pending bomb test and to show that the Saviet Union is still the prime Communist power.

In any event. Mr. Khrushchev himself is no more, politically speaking, and we can only speculate on what the reaction of the new

“'35

I

Kremlin bosses will be to China's w

entry into the nuclear club.

Outmoclecl System

Many Canadians believe that at- tempts to understand and re-educate criminals are tantamount to cod- dling them. One man who takes ex- ception to this view is Justice Min- ister Favreau. who took the oppor- tunity of saying so a recent banquet of the New York State Probation Officers‘ Association and the On- tario Probation Officers‘ Associa- tion at Niagara Falls. Mr. Favrcau expressed his regret that. in spite of her, continuing closeness to reform movements over the border. Canada has not improved her penal and rehabilitation facilities as rapidly as have many other countries.

Canadian correctional services overthe past century, said the min. later. have rarely been progressive, and in some respects they have been allooklngly backward. The record Ia nowhere more distressing than in

pure treatment of first offenders,

lerly our failure to pursue to

it in?“ potential the redemptive 'ex- of probltlon.

cplaatvmonth, at the annual ‘ -- bf the Canadian Bar As- ‘ ‘ lithe eminent British jurist - his aston- “ I 'that'iln min Canadian 1 . is virtually un- .1 record of pentencing iji‘iimughout Canada. in-l

'in

Iapeelieral'

Reed, is scarcely more encouraging.

In some 40,000 convictions for indictable offences during 1962-63. 22 per cent of those convicted paid fines. and only 20 per cent receiv- ed suspended sentences, with or without. probation. That left 50 per cent who were imprisoned. Almost one quarter of those entering feder- al penitentiaries were first offend- ers.

“If prisoners were offered not retribution but rehabilitation," said Mr. Favrcau. “I dare to predict that most could re-enter civil life far sooner. and with that hope of dig« nity which is the surest guarantee of their permanent redemption. Given such an outlook, thousands of our citizens who are now banished and ostracized could rejoin our country. and. by their talents, strengthen it. For make no mis- take. rehabilitation is not a luxury; it is the very condition of a deep and lasting enrichment of our soc- icty."

chtcrday. in the House of (50m- mons. the minister stated that he was seriously considering a parlia- mentary committee on penitentiar- ies. He gave no details, but they will be awaited with interest by all concerned about this problem.

A Narrow Margin

The Labor Party comes to power

in Britain. but with one of the nar- rowest margins in history, and the prospects of a stalemated Parlia— ment and another election within a year or so are being openly discuss- ed. We can sympathize with them Canada. where we have been plagued in recent years by the same sort of thing.

One of the changes in policy to which Labor is pledged and which may cause controversy in the new Parliament is the proposal to aban- don Britain's independent nuclear deterrent role and place all nuclear weapons under joint allied control.

Domestically. Labor wants a major overhaul of the whole tax system. with higher unearned in- comes carrying greater share of the tax. it wants to integrate so-called private schools into the state sys- tem, to raise pensions. build 400,- 000 houses a year. reduce rates for new homeowners and develop an er.- tirely i'rce national health service.

These are but. a few of the issues thrashed out in the election cam- paign. which may prove of less urgency than the need for remedy- ing Britain’s trade imbalance and straightening out. its financial prob- lems. The Labor candidates made some strong commitments in this regard, on which the heaviest Op- position fire will likely be concen- trated.

Growth .8: Expansion

The meeting here this week of the board of directors of the Royal Bank of Canada was a centennial event in more ways than one. Cer- tainly it was a welcome addition to our Confederation Conference cen- tennial Observances; but. it also re- called the century of service of the institution itself in the economic life of the country.

It. was on May 2. 1864. that the Royal Bank—then known as the “Bank of the Seven Merchants of Halifax"—opened for business in the Nova Scotia capital. In 1873, when we entered Confederation. it: opened its first branch outside Nova Scotia. at Charlottetown. A year Iat- er a sub-agency was opened at Sum- merside.

Today the bank now serves all of Canada. through 1.047 branches, and Canadian interests abroad through 97 branches. Its latest develop- ment. as indicated yesterday, will be the opening of a branch in Georgetown within four weeks.

This is an encouraging sign of the prospects which are developing in our King's County capital. end one which will be hailed with ap- premation.

EDITORIAL NOTE

Hollywood's most. sensational new act of 1964 is an old routine called politics. Famous actors are stumping with candidates of their choice in the election campaign as never before. One former actor,

Republican George Murphy, is run.

ning for the Senate in California.

Anothergac‘ior. Ronald Reagan, is

a key ledwater campaign strate-

gist. ‘ IAnd television actor Robert

Vaughii heads a major ‘ri.’

.“ ,5 I.

l

.by the Nile following construc-

hhh \Nhh ‘

PAPER TIGER DEPARTMENT

it

THE CAIRO CONFERENCE

Indirect Slop Token At Peking

It Is easy to criticize some ofl aging word from the represcn~ l between Moscow and Washing-I h n

the particular decisions of t e: conference of nonalisned coun- tries which has just wound up4 its meetings in Cairo. Yet on the I really big issues. maturity and‘ reasonableness won the day. Neverthelms. to even the most sympathetic observers in t West, the nonaligned seem have a distorted view of world power struggle. and are consequently less than even- iianded in their public utter-

(D

to

3‘ '0

es.

Most of the delegations In Cal- ro were from countries that have become independent of Western rule only since the end of World War 11. Thus the tendency speak out still against Western "imperialism" is understand

able. That is the only kind of “im< I

perialism" of which the dele- gates have personal experience:

the Soviet Union and China are i

not. given to divesting themselves of empire.

But for all the sharp words from some of the delegates. t'ie Cairo conference came out the end for a policy of coexis- tence between the nonaligncd countries and those whom they call "imperialists" (alias the

West). SOUGHT TOUGHER. LINE

President Sukarno of Indoncs~.

ta - with an occasional encour-

lo - Dr.

in‘

New York Times

tatives of Guinea and Mali had tried to get the meeting to ‘ take a much tougher line. His l argument was that until the last | vestige of colonialism had been ! removed. no peace was possible. Marshal Tito had an answerl for that. “There can be no peace I without freedom." s a i d. I "but no freedom without peace." I And since Dr. Sukarno calls his policy of limited aggression I against Malaysia "confronta- I tion." Prime Minister Shaslri of i lndia was even more direct in his rebuke. Mr. Shastri said:

W must settle disputes by 1 Nations trade conference I conciliation. not confrontation." “ Geneva the 77 underdevelopedI failure to carry I ' ‘

w

Sukarno s the conference with him was an indirect defeat for Communist China. since his views probably I came closer to the Chinese line I than those of anybody else in ‘ Cairo. T'ie meeting's resolution against the dissemination of on- clear weapons was also an direct slap at Peking.

l

I

in- '

is an Interesting commem‘

lary on how the world has changed since the first non-

alicncd conference in Belgrade

in 1961 that in Cairo the dele- ‘

:atcs probably were more act-i

iver troubled by Moscow Pckinz in the context of the I schism between those two capi-

T'me Limit

Ottawa

Is 50 years too long to keep historical documents secret?

This question is an issue In Britain. Prof. H..i. Hanham of

Edinburgh University has call- ‘

ed the 50-year rule now in force "absurd." A abor MP. Dr. A. E. Thompson. says he will ask the Prime Minister to abolish it_

The argument interests Can- ada. which has no general rule about documents of govern- ment. Former Cabinet ministers In Canada usually donate their papers to the Public Archives. but the late Rt. Hon. Arthur Me- lghcn was one of the few who said they could be available for public use immediately. Others

impose limits. often requesting ‘

they be kept from public View for 25 or 50 years.

The British rule makes easier 1

the task of custodians of papers

apt to be confronted With de- ‘ mands for publication before the I

date proposed by the donor. who may have died. The British of- ficial in refusing applications is not left to ponder whether it would be in the public interest to allow publication or whether embarrassment. would be caus~

ed living persons. I

Yet, it Is galliniz In historians.

On Secrets

Journal

' 50 years after the start of the . First World War to be denied access to the papers of Lord Kitchener beyond 1914. And irk- some to Canadian historians to the denied access to papers of I the Foreign and Colonial offices i in London which are less than

half a century old.

If the control system were

‘. airtight there would be le s s :complaint. Prof. Hanham em-

phasizes that it is not:

"One can obtain documents in

: America and Candda which are I not available tin Britain) where I some Government officials will i feel they are being exposed to I controversy if their confidential memoranda are let out. Yet the I politicians are allowed acceSs in 5 these documents which are de- nied to historians. and the pub- } He gets a field covered fr om only one point of view."

Historians know that. If public I men were not protected against, l immediate publication they I would give archives only the most lnnocuous papers which would cast no light on controver- sies of historical interest.

With a' guaranteed time limit donations to archives would be further encouraged.

Temple Saved From _ Nile

Uneaoo Features

Reconstruction of the temple of Kaiabsha. in Upper Egypt. which was dismantled and re- moved from its site near Belt cl Uali to save it from floodinil

tion of the Aswan High Dam, now completed. The temple has been re-erected in a new pos- tion. 35 mIles to the north where it commands a nuberb view of the High Dam. . It took five months of concenv trated effort to dismantle Kal- acha. one year to reconstruct “Looking at it today it is Imr possible to detect that it has no: stood on its present site for the last 2.000 years: even t ve< meat is laid with ancient ston- es. uneven and with a patina in- distinguishable from that on the temple walld. No less than 15.- atone weight“

was» feet by u 100 feet high. The euttm complex including the elqu

.—

little shrine of Kertassl, com- pletely restored.~ to In an excel- lent state of preaer'vatlon.

The second largest Greece- Roman foundation in Nubia (af- ter Phllaei. its walls are decor- ated with fine baa-reliefs. It was the only Egyptian temple with Its river quay and landing stage extent. and this quay has been preserved in the reconstruction. In their present position the temple and quay look out over a wilderness of rock to the riv- er. 250 feet beldw. But when the lake behind the dam in full, the water will lap the base of the quay and the temple Itself will

urroum

the year round, whereas, form.

ariy. Ka babe we a

during nine months of-tlie year The removal and reconstruc-

tion of the temple were part of

the contribution of the Federal

he blle of to

Germany Una» Ico's program for preserving the I ancient monument-e of Nubia.

and 3

tals than between the continuing “ Iif muted. world-power struggle"

to . But. as wherever the shadowi of Communist C'tina looms. the: influence was more felt thanI mentioned. I

Perhaps the most important, trend of all at Cairo was h e 1 growing tendency to channel the I interest of nonaligncd countriesI toward the economic. Most ofI them are underdeveloped I therefore poor. And at Cairo; there was a re-emergence ofI that recognized common Inter-I est which brought together in a ‘ group at this spring's Unitch in I'

countries taking part in l

Surely the world is going to . fiear more on this Issue from them as a group. i

' I Leaping Dear,

‘1‘ live tuberculin test mean active

Flying Swans

By Dr. I. Vea Della-

Birds and beasts cause many freak accidents. I c led a friend the other dayonly to learn he was in the hospital. His wife to e was driving from the country and hit a deer. He was lucky to be alive but the car was a total wrec .

It is a startling experience to have a bird fly into the wind- shield or to have an animal dart in front of the car. The not inclination is to swerve to one side. Several years ago an Il- linois woman did this to avoid hitting a pheasant. She lost con- trol. hit a tree. and was killed. The pheasant lived. We have all turned off course when a squir- rel darted across the road or a hawk or other bird flew toward the win d o w. Several airline crashes have been traced to col- lisions with swans or starlings.

A story was told in the Jour- nal of American ‘Insurance about a driver who was startled when a deer leaped into the road ahead of the car. He went into the ditch and wrecked the automobile. He obtained anoth- er car and later in the day head- ed d0wn the same highway. An- other deer jumped out. He swer. ved again and wrecked the sec- ond car by hitting a fence.

The insurance industry pays for most of these mishaps. This runs into money but probably is not as expensive as the condo;- ration that occurred when Mrs. O'Leary's cow kicked over the lantern. This started the great Chicago fire that. put many in- surance companies out of busi- ness.

A farm boy look a shot at a sparrow perched on the wheel of a farm wagon. The wagon was demolished. nearby stores and factories were damaged. windows in 600 homes were broken. and power lines were knocked down. This sparrow caused a' peck of trouble be- cause the wagon contained 300 pounds of dynamite.

A squirrelly claim that has no health angle involved one of' these furry vandals. It. wiggled through the grill of a new c x and dragged away the insulation pad under the hood. The insur- ance company assumes there l'e‘ now “a squirrel house with wall-to-wall carpeting."

TUBERCULIN POSITIVE Mrs. J.M. writes: Does a posi-

tuberculosis? REPLY

Nol necessarily. It means the individual made contact with tubercle bacilli, which may or may not have caused an ac- tive infection. These people are advised Iii have periodic chest X~rays and to keep their health

‘lrol of nuclear weapons.

at par.

NOTES BY

THE WAYT—

raw Gillan will an a parcel futu- tlian twin; to keep young by running around with young

people. — Gall Reporter.

Mhen may not be fun to live with. but they make wonderful ancestora.- Calgary Herald.

Sandy telegraphed a proposal of marriage to the lady of his choice. After waiting all day at the telegraph office. he receiv- ed an affirmative answer late 'at night. "Well, If I were you," said the operator who delivered the message. “I' t'iink twice before I'd marry a girl who kept me waiting so long for an

." “Na. na." replied

The John Birch Society la n in; a broadcasting company for 8.000.000 in a libel and slender suit. Imagine what the society would do with the money if it ever won the case! — Ottawa Journal.

I An investment dealer wants I to know If we have any money > that Is not working. Not unless I some coins have slipped behind I the chesterfield cushions. Ed- I monton Journal. I

I

As we followed along In a buf- fet line recently a mother and her little girl were In front of us. “Mama.” complained the youngster. “you're filling my

I plate too full. I can't eat so ‘ much." "Quiet!" whisperedlier

S . “The less for me is the ' laaa who waits for the night} mother. sternly.’ Mam rates." — Montreal star. . will." — Dousman Index.

PrOp-ose U.S.-German Force

By Dave. McIntosh Canadian Prees Staff Writer

Since the Ottawa NATO meet- ing in May. 1963. the West Ger- mans have done an about-turn‘ In their policy on the proposedI alliance seaborne nuclear strik- i ing force. I

West German officials t'ienI were saying they weren't inter- I ested in a strictly American-v German force. which would comprise 25 merchant. ships carrying a total of 200I Polaris long . range nuclearI missiles. I

The force as originally pro- posed by the United States to help share nuclear control with its allies was supposed to in-‘ clude as many of the 15 NATO I countries as possible. i