GE 1W0

M___-

a .

THE C. T. F. IN REVIEW

By J. A. s.

leerohryb Bsport (Continued):

Csna&n Education Association:

2k. Crubchfield attended the Di- rectors‘ meeting of the C. E. A. en August 10th. 1M6. tho conven- tion from August 20 to 20, and the meeting of the Directors on August 23 in Edmonton. Among matters decided upon were the setting up of s National Advisory Committee on Educational Films, the operation of a monthly News Letter to beosent from each Dept. of Education to the office of the 011A. A special committee to raise funds for Educational Research was set up. I Canadian Research Committee on Practical Education: The C. T. F. voted $100 for research in Prac- tical education. The representa- tives of industry, commerce. lab- our, and agriculture made it very clear that they did not expect tho teachers of Canada to finance this project, but were willing to accept our donation as a token payment. This research will have far reach- lng effects on the present courses of study in our primary and Sec- ondary schools. -

Canadian Federation of School and Home: The annual meeting of the School and Home Federa- fiorn was held in sackvllle, and

. D. C. Munroe, our President of the C. T. F‘. was our represen- tative. (Miss Sstelle Bowness rep- resented the P.E.I.T.F., and gave a comprehensive report at the re- cent meeting of our Board of Gov- emors.)

Canadian Welfare Association: Our GT1". was represented at the annual meeting of this organiza-

NATIONAL CODE OF ETHICS

NOTES: Unethical practices should be reported to the profes- sional organization. Appeal to the Canadian Teachers‘ Federation in such cases may be made only on application of the provincial or- ganlzation.

Provincial organizations should see that steps be taken to acquaint persons training for entrance to the profssion in professional ethics.

This Code of Ethics is to be ap- plicable to all members of teach- ers’ professional organizations.

l. The teacher should be court- eous, Just, and professional in all relationships.

2. A teacher regards as confiden- tial, and does not divulge other than through official channels, any information of a personal or do- Jnestic nature, concerning either

pupils or home, obtained in the course of his professional duties.

l. The teacher should strive to

Jmprove his educational practice ‘through ln-servlce training and Jrsvel. , 4. Unfsvous-able criticism of as- aocisios should be avoided except lwhen made to proper officials and then only inconfidence and after the associate in question has been informed of the nature of the .u'lticism.

l. Testimonials regarding teacher should be truthful confidential.

6. Each teacher should be a mem- ber of and participate in his pro- desslonal organization.

7. A teacher who in his profes- sional capacity is a member of a committee, board, or authority, dealing with educational matters or with teacher training or certi-

the and

A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN P. E. I. (Continued) kind of

The development of our educa- tionsl system has been rather brief- ly sketched up to the passage of the Public School Act in 1877. To continue in this step-by-step analy- sis would become monotonous and would tend to make the mass of material unwieldly. The immense amount of legislation since i877, affecting many different phases of the educational program, necessi- tate the following of a tropical ar- rangement. In view of this need, s more detailed and comprehen- sive study of the elements making up our present system is given. These topics are treated in the

Iollowing order: The Teacher, The ,ihere was no supervision.

School, The Department of Educa- tion, The Supervisory System, The Curriculum, Adult Education, Brief Biographies.

_The Teacher. The earliest in- structors of the youth of Prince

hysical and mental teaching uipment. The wages of such tu- ‘aim was so low that only those q

yho were unable to do any other following year all teachers were

. HE E15 UCA

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS 0F INTEREST TO TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING

IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

I I

WiIIioms, B.A.

lion. One of the main points aris- ing from the discussions was that s move should be made away from the idea that community service ls charity. They maintain that no stigma should be attached to peo- ple applyinK for help. l

The Hon. Paul Martin, Minister of National Welfare outlined the Federal Government's proposals with regard to the national wel- fare of our citizens:

l. A national health progmmI including grants to extend and as- sist health measures as well as Lendanca for research and professional train- ing, and grants for treatment andI prevention of veneral disease, tub- crculosis, mental diseases and pro- viding for low interest loans for construction of hospitals. -.

2. Old-age pensions at 70 with-I out means tcsf.

3. Extcnsivll 0f Unempmylnemicnd with the creation of the In- insurance to co\ r all employedIdoneslm mpubuc m Much PGYIOHS- W946. Since then, however,

The Newfoundland Teachers’ As- [Dutch have no; relinquished com. sociation: This°organization waslpletely men. “m5 of influence

35W with the result that the Indones- delegate I

nual salary of £25, and the highes £50.

The teachers’ methods

chard. These

there were many schools

However, not condition removed by

increase in school throughout {the province.

the

The IiOO-year-old Dutch

to our convention. (No

licensed according to teaching a- bility and qualifications in three classes, the lowest receiving an an-

were gradually improved by the appoint-

Visitor in 1837, and two others in 1844. John Ross and Edward Blan- county supervisors realized that the teacher's tasks were far from being light because where overcrowding was unbearable. The only factor alleviating this condi- Ition was the deplorable rate of at- before many decades has passed was this great buildings

THE INDONESIAN QUESTION 'over the East Indies came torIIIrI

of the

Assistance to Teachers in Ger- many and thc War Devastated Areas: UNESCO started a cam-

dollars for the assistance of people in the war torn areas of Europe. The C. E. 1i. in conjunction with representatives of the C. T. F. in

was present.) ‘

j Magnets attract pieces of Iand steel.

lnorth pole of a suspended magnet, zthe north pole of suspended mag- Inet swings away. But when you {bring the north pole of one mag-

, MAG

iron When you bring the

paign to ralsc one hundred million i north pole of one magnet near the

lessons, it prohibited most children from acquiring any formal train-

nineteenth century. Each teacher

N0 district schoolhouses had yet

been built. The main reason that BUR we have no record of ho\v bad conditions actually were is that on October 17' l "any w“

Act giving money to districts for and the establishment of public school- Jiouses. Thus began the displacing the itinerant tutor. But it was soon realized that the erection of schools Iidward Island were for the most ,was not enough; the calibre of part itinerant tutors’ lacking both lthe teachers must Therefore, in i829, an act was pals- ed establishing the standard

met near ‘the south pole of a sus- ;pe ded magnet, the south pole of (the suspended magnet su/ings to- ,\vards north pole. That is like Ipoles of magnets repel one an- other; unlike poles attract. Steel is harder than iron and therefore holds magnetism better Ithan iron. Magnets point north and south because the earth is a mag- Inet. The north magnetic pole was

PARLIAMEN

Parliament was considerably strengthened under the Georges, the first of whom could not speak ‘English and had little understand- |i1ig of the English people. The el- ectoral system, however, was still narrow and corrupt. Already in i770 Lord Catham was appealing for reform, which was further ad- vocated by his son William Pitt.

Toronto have started a campaign to collect material badly needed in the schools of these areas. Provincial organizations are ask- ed to co-operatc with their De- partment of Education in the col- lection of useful materials.

fication must be elected or ap- pointed by the professional organi- zation.

H. The teacher should avoid in- terfering between other teachers and pupils.

9. The teacher should adhere to salary schedules negotiated by his professional organization.

l0. The teacher should refrain from knowingly underhidding fel- low-applicants for teaching posi- lions and should refuse to apply for’ or to accept, a teaching posi- tion before such position has be- come vacant.

ll. No teacher should accept compensation for helping another teacher to get another position or a promotion.

l2. Contracts should be respect- ed by both parties and dissolved only by mutual consent- or accord- ing to the terms prescribed by sta- tute.

I3. Official business should be transacted only through properly designated officials.

l4. The responsibility for report- ing through proper channels all matters harmful to the welfare of the schools rests upon each teach- r-r.

Under the Stuarts conflicts be- tween the Tprone and the Com- mons developed, culminating in the civil war which overthrew Charles I and substitued the “Com- monwealth" under Cromwell. Though Cromwell's death was fol- lowed by speedy restoration-of the

THE I-‘ROGRESSI

Zeal for reform cgntinued throughout the reign of Queen Victoria. The Industrial Revolu- tion, while it plunged so many_ into material misery, facilitated communications, increased the cir- , culation of booksand newspapers 15. The teacher should not accept a contract with an employer whose relations with the professional or- ganization are unsatisfactory. 16. Provision should be made for slbbatical leave for teachers and for alleviation of the present ex- tremely exacting demands made upon the time, energy and finan- ces of teachers by the present sum- mer school courses. Passed at Halifax, August, 1947.

He was an Irishman who came to Canada in 1858 and became one of the strongest advocates of Con- federation and the development of a Canadian nationalism. His speeches exerted a powerful influ- ence for unity in Canada and the

Causes. 1. The Indians who were settled on the Saskatchewan River thought they would lose their lands. 2. The destruction of the buffalo. 5. The return of Louis Riel. Events: 1. The half-breeds defeated Major Crozier st Duke Lake. Fourteen police were killed. 2. Poundmaker and other Indians were defeated at Cut Knife‘ Creek near Battle- ford by Colonel Otter. Later Big

Bear surrendered. 3. General Mid- dieton defeated the Indians at Fish Creek near Batoche not far from

work became teachers. Despite the low cost of the tutors

lug, Qualifications of teachers were unknown at the beginning of the

used a different kind of books be- cause of the lack of a curriculum and the scarcity of books. His methods were very ineffective, and he had no knowledge of how to

CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY

THOMAS D‘ARCHY. McGEE

THE SASKATCHEWAN REBELLION I885

__ GUARDIAN,_C_IIARLOTTETOWN

The qualification of teachers were raised in 1862 by the passage of the Free Education Act, which provided that all teachers and cen- GIdate-s for teaching were to be examined by the Board of Educa- tion. This act set two classes of licenses, the lower receiving £46, and the higher £50. These salaries were paid half-yearly until 1861, when the quarterly payments were begun. Another benefit to our edu- cational system was the arrival from Scotland of John M. Stark, whose chief task was the province- wide improvement of teaching methods and the training of teach- ers. Mr. Stark was instrumental Lfl the building of a Normal School which opened in 1856. Irrconnec- tinn with the Normal School, a Model School was begun in 1882.

t

merit of John McNeil as School

ians rose in revolt. Last August Indonesia was accorded in the U. N. Security Council table to voice her own case during the debate on the Indonesian-Netherlands dispute. Actually there have been no posi- tive moves by the U. N. to enforce settlement.

N ETS

discovered in 1831 by Sir James Ross. The north magnetic pole is in Boothia Peninsula, just west of Hudson Bay. The south magnetic pole was discovered by Sir Ernest Shackleton in 1909. A compass needle does not always point di- rectly north because the magnetic pole and the geographic pole are 1100 miles apart. In Western Can- ad the compass points East of true north while in Eastern Can- ada the compass points East of true north. Lodestone was used to find directions before compasses were invented. It is found north of Lake Superior and is called, to- day magnetite.

TARY REFORM

Eventually, the Reform Act oi’ 1832 achieved a wider representa- tion of the people and put an end Io many corrupt practices: A great advance towards Democracy had been made. The reformed Parlia- men of i833: One of its first acts was the abolition of slavery in all British colonies. William Pitt was England's youngest Prime Minis- ter and a great reformer.

monarchy, the "Divine Right of Kings" was a thing of the past. James II was deposed by the bloodless revolution of 1688 and William and Mary succeeded to what now became s constitutional monarchy, with limited powers.

VE VICTORIANS

and in many ways broadened the people's understanding of each others problems. The Queen's reign was notable for the prestige and power exerted by great Parliamen- tary leaders like Disraeli and Glad- stone.

Maritime Provinces and he ably defended the Confederation scheme in parlimentary debates. McGee voluntarily gave up his claim to a seat in the first Dominion cab- inet to make it easier for Mac- Donald to satisfy all provinces and groups.

oner. Gabriel Dumont escaped to the United States. Results: 1. Riel and eight In- dians were hanged. 2. Bitter feel- ing in Quebec developed against the Conservatives. 3. The possibili- ties of the West were revealed. Beware of how you say more than you mean, better mean more than you say. We grow like we think of; so let us think of the

text.

or promise: You shall be punished I0! ChIl.

will in the first person: 1'. Ex- presses a resolution, I will not stay a moment longer. 2. Iixpresses s promise. I will send 7°" m? cheque in harmoni-

Will in tho second person! A Foreioils. If it turns cold the streets will be icy tomorrow. In questions. ticipstes. (i) A WIBII- Will you give ms a match. please. (2) An intention. Will you go a- r

mum supplies over gino- tdiths of the world's supply of nickel. Tile mineral deposits around Sudbury, which are among the most valuable in the world, pro- vide not only nickel but most of Canada's copper. They BIBO SIVB Canada world leadership in the production of platinum and pal- ladium, and produces fair amounts of gold and silver. The gold mines

o

Prepared by Mrs. L

The purpose of sending s child to school is to give him s basic training to fit him for later life. Thus all our school program should be developed toward that ultimate goal, and should promote the mental, social, moral and emo- tional growth of the individual. No other subject on our crowd- ed curriculumfls so necessary as an effective training in reading. No matter what the future holds, reading "will be an integral part of life, whether it serves as the means of earning a livelihood or as an enriching social experience. To teach reading well and thor- oughly should be the aim of every teacher.

The purposes of teaching read- ing may be listed as:

i. To enable the child to recog-

nize, understarl and interpret clearly the message of passages read,

2. To deepen understanding and broaden interests.

3. 'I\:o cultivate desirable atti- tudes and fine ideals in the build- ing of his personality.

4. To give him’ the tools to ex- tend his education.

Since no two children are alike, our reading program must be broad and well balanced enough so that all may get the greatest benefit possible from it. Here is the time to re-adJust our thinking along lines of recent findings by leading educationalists. Gone are the days, we hope, when a teacher stood her class in a row, and said, "Open your books. Read at page 109. Next-next" and so on Io the end. Then he asked a few ques- tions, blithely said, "Take the next three pages for tomorrow," and with o. sigh of relief, ended an- other reading lesson. Oh yes, hun- dreds and hundreds learned to read by that method, but I can't imagine it inculcated much yearn- ing for additional reading.

At the present time there is or the market what are common-

,of erosion,

an intention st the some time). Expresses what is to ,ta'ke pIEce. think it will rain today. 2.

his ways.

person as, Will I come, or will you

in place of shall.

MINERALS

of Ikldsnd Biro and Porcupine form the second most productive is the greatest mining Province, the the greatesg manufacturing Province. The popu- lation of Ontario is C. four million. There are about 10.000 manufac- turing plants in Ontario. Queens- chief

group in the world. Ontario wealthiest Province,

ton is one of Canada's peach-growing centres.

TEACHING READING

. Ross, Model School

ilmow a better’ word-say “disguis-

ed."

I In next issue I shall oontlnu

Ithis article with methods of pre-

senting the reading lesson.

This Department afl- flucted by the Prince Edward Island Teachers’ Federation. Contributions are welcomed Ind should be 146F956‘! 1°

' Miilar MsoFadyln. 8 l -2 Fol- ling St. Charlottetown

SOIL CONSERVATION DIPORTANT PROBLEM.

The term has been aptly defined ' comprehensive article in the Agri

Experimental Pawns Dominion Department of Agricul turez-

more than the words express, he says.

drainage. These New“!

includes not only but the

the use of manures. fertilizers and cropping methods, drainage, irriga- tion, flood control and proper utilization of the land.

Dr. Hopkins points out that. In a country as large as Canada, it is but natural that wide differences

‘should exist in the soil and climate.

Home soils are more productive than others. Even In their virgin

ly known as "Basic Readers." They are already in use in a num- . bar of schools, and other teachers

use them as supplementary mater- I iaL With them go the “'I‘eacher‘s| Ouideboo ’ which supplies lesson plans, wa of presenting the les- son, directions for guided reading and ice-reading, then includes a

truly a gold mine of worthwhile

using the Basic Readers,

present scale of readers. the "Related Practice"

helps the child to reason, thinksrlin Ifld gurpl-lglng different from Northern Ontario.

ggmmgnd 0g wmlm and oral Eng- the Guspe Peninsula of Quebec. or

g the Maritime Provinces where it Is‘ teacher, who has never used the too cool for corn to grow success- I Basic Readers, I0 listen to a Grade fully. III clsssbring forth such answers, The as "He was all dressed up so no cannot be placed in one climato-

snd acquire s really

ilsh. It would really astonish

good, the true, and the beautiful. lie that loveth a book will never want a faithful, a wholesome coun-

Ilandle young and PIHSIIC mmds‘ Prince Albert Riel was taken pris

signed inlondon by Prime Minis- ter Attlee of Britain and Thakin Nu, Burmese Premier, which gives Burma her independence in Janu- ary 1948. . An act of Parliament will for- molly grant Burma freedom out- side of the Commonwealth if that is her wish. Burmese officials have indicated that they will stay out- side of the Commonwealth. Bur- ma, with s present population of more than 15,000,000 and an area

In 1825 the Legislature passed an

be improved.

of ualifications for teachers. In the

selor, a cheerful companion and m efficient comforter.

MA

of 261,000 squaye miles. has been under British influence for more than 300 years.

The Burmese Premier declared that the agreement would "form a solid basis for Anglo-Burmese friendship." He said also that. Purina would apply immediately for membership in the United Na- tions. His coiintry, ho declared, would claim reparations frln Jap-

condition they were more fertile and they will stand cropping better. Some soils are nearly neutral in reaction while others such as large areas in Eastern

‘Canada, are acid. Some SOII! a" too Vwithoui drainagemwhilet others all? these so

section of related practice whlchit°° dry‘ The extent 0

' gives word drill, phonetic exercises ldmerefictetl‘ perhaps’ has not been and correlated activities. They are “ppreca e '

wet for arable asriculiure

In» a general way. Canada may

. "be divided into three main regions: Iaeu’ Even II a “ache were :12: the five humid eastern provinces: might profitably study the Ouide- lhelriilgfee “emmmd I° ‘“"'I“"“"I pra book and adopt it _fo her present Columbia’ "Se" containing many I strongly rocommmd m, u“ quite distinct climatic zones. But of “m” 3351c Readers’ gm- they It would be a mistalée to group‘ a" w carefully bu“ upon no,“ all Eastern Canada in o one zone. ing vocabulary and perception that DP- , “k m," "l; m; we“ 8gp; a; 1n our eastern Ontario is something e Using the corn belt o,f the United States. "cglon ‘with its large acreage of corn for