' the chief magistrate has lost his head.

‘ma and disposition ofthe p¢°P'

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ASZARUS‘

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GAZETTE, DECEMBER 17.

IUIOPIAI g_1'xr.I.1unca.

'I'HI_ STATE OF CHINA. “The following is an extract from a private e er:—

“ Canton, Sept. 84. '.‘_w0 |N_h asnstsntly on the alert by the continual arrtv_a of expresses night and day, so “ill ‘Olen little slns&, and next week we may all. e are on the top of a at trust in Providence that we .IbslI set clear out_of the eruption. Shanghai is taken. and several places in its neighbourhood. Amoy still holds out. The Bogus Forts were attaclted four days ago, and guns taken from them. A large city. within ten miles of this place, a sort

- of warehouse up country to Canton, called Fie-

In. It ted. has had a rising in it. and I wrote hair It:0 that Canton would be taken in September. 75° l7‘hs the day of the feast of Lanterns, was fixed he event, but it thundered and ruined, and the Manderins bed the streets full of soldiers, no two people being allowed to walk together in the city, and the firing then and since, night and ay, especially during the former, has been a sure sign that the troops are kept at herd exercise. The most serious ground for alarm is the rebel- lious ings here from the Triad and soon Tarn (‘ small knife’) Societies. At Shanghai and Amoy the latter predominate. but.in this neigh- bourhood the movement chiefly originates with the Triad Society. Up the country teas are de- taincd—-that is such as are made; end they are not picking the later crops. Of this we arcin- formed by eye witnesses, among whom is Fortune, who certainly is on such matters the most com tent and credible authority. The ex- port hitherto, although the season began a month earlier than last year, is 6,000,000 lbs. deficient up to this date. which is a decrease of22 per cent. ; and as for tea going to Shanghai. that is out ofthe question while that city is held by people who do not enjoy the confidence of capitalists, and have even no confidence in themselves. These partirs certainly wish to join the reforming rebels, and say. indeed. that they act under their orders; but that is not to be believed. as the b:tcl.-guards who began the disturbance at Shanghai are well known and nobody doubts that iliey have risen against the present Governtnent more with a view to their own advantage than from any patriotic cause. In fact, they are chiefly men from Canton and Fokien. have long been feared by the peaceable people of the rovince. and have been leaders on all occasions o riot and robbery. I have often as- sisted in rooting out their haunts, where they con- cealed their plunder. and they are so cowardly that five or six foreigners have always been suc- cessful in securing those who were - wanted ;' but yet the magistrates years ago dared not do the same thing, and gave free leave to the English and other foreign residents to seize those thieves wherever they could discover them. it is this new description of rebels that we have to fear, and when the real Tea-ping-wang people get the Emperor ousted from Perkin, and a new Enperor proclaimed, these bands will be their worst one- mies ; and, unless some foreign nations interfer —which at present seems to be improbsble—— un- less indeed the Americans take the initiative, it is to be feared that anarchy will reign for years. You will see that what I have hitherto predicted has come to pass, except as to Canton being taken this month, and it is more than probable that even this may take place before the month closes, but it is to be ho that this will be de- ferred until the rebels in the north of the province come down, as they are known to be connected with what must he the new Government, and will therefore be the better enabled to maintain order.

" In a country like this, where we have no access to the interior, and but few opportunities of conversing with well-informed people, it is of course difficult to come to definite conclusions, especially as the natives with whom we trade are generally more ignorant of passing and probable events than we are. It is said that foreigners will not be molested when Canton falls, an this I believe, unless it be by the rabble, with whom we may perhaps have a hard fight. We have the sloop-of-war-Lily, and the Americans have the etoreehip Supply, each of which has eighty spare men. and one or two guns that could he landed as fieldpiecesg most of the mercantile establishments are well provided with llrearms, and, in case of attack by those to whom I have referred, I should have no fear as to the result, as they are very deficient in arms, and have yet to do something to enable them to acquire confidence in their own strength or resources. I have recently had good evidence of their having no ‘pluck,’ and that promptitudc and decision on our part are all that is requisite to render us secure. I have made tip my mind to remain in Canton, and am one of the very few that have not, or Hongkong. I feel quite assured that the Tea-ping-wang party must eventually carry the da ,end that Providence has them in his keeping. t would be a privilege to foreigners to assist in the establishment of peace and order over anarchy, and the more power and ener y we can display in this cause the better it will for us in the end.

" You may consider it as almost certain that trade will soon come to a standstill here, and after the produce at Shanghai, which is already brought into foreign godowns, has been shipped of, there will be no further export of tea from that place till a firtn Government is established; and here there will be so many disturbing influences when trade is stopped, that though we may keep the factories the trade in exports will be quite nomi- nal. The people lti the country will not incur the risk of sending produce down till a secure tim arrives, and, for the same reason, these who have money here will keep it hid, and never venture to send it up the country until they can do so with greater safety. I think it by no means improba- ble that our exports this year will not in any case exceed two-thirds of those nflaat year. In good teas it will be greatly deficient, as very little care has been taken in the manipulation. You must not, as sotne do, consider tee to be a raw material; it‘: manufactured, and in the expense of that process and of the transit great part of the cost consists. The same me besaid to be the case with silk, but with this ifl.irsncs—tea is made tip for the foreign export in a peculiar manner, while silk is prepared in a way which is alike suitable for ' n or native demand. If peace were established in the north the export of silk from shgnghai would be enormous this year, as that

see is not far from the reducing districts, and in times like the present t e native consumption is ofeoursc stnall, both on account of'the diflculty of internal transit and of the change in the occupa-

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e. to 1-5. rebfil artsy. basi:ake: ' . fill me o

:I'k.ety Ilesru tbllntln ob ital has fa Icn. Il‘l|I_I':

5's taken before the en ‘ofthis month. or I. tzl ot be taken for a long time. t is most desire Is’ t;-,.::-: ~'~'- ~:-*....‘:;'.:.':.°a‘.‘..:.::..;':z."::'..:.

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I stores. Th ‘ has at :‘,‘.'..'£,.’,2'., .'.f.".r".i... ....i. 7..ll'?'.'i. ..i!.. "enter, the fetslse which already exists ,-_*_,- «:,_........~ ~ -*"".:.' '*' .:':'.i.'."."::....‘1"f.." ...gs(thei'&lsIh glnatu seal, and the I sssslerstsd When

wit I! - pless,hswsvsr,slllsnetlttlsdt.

it will take some time to establish the new system of Government. and trade will not at once ow into its accustomed channels. There will, conse- quently. be less teas shipped next year than many may expect, while from the short export this season the demand is likely to increase. h Americans have shipped comparatively little. and the prices in the States are therefore likely to advance, and the rapidly increasing demand for Australia should not be lost sight of.

“ Foreign trade in this country is very small and little thought of as compared with the native internal trade. 0 trade with foreigners is not desired by many of the Chinese. It is indeed rather in some measure forced upon them. There is not one shop in a hundred here where foreittn goods are sold, and there is therefore no plredi|ec- tion for them on the part ofthe natives. hey do not on this account desire see for the sake of foreign trade, and the rabble, until either defeated or satisfied with plunder, will hold the day.

" Before you receive this letter I believe that most of my opinions will be realised as facts. write from firm conviction of the correctness of my Ideas, and with a wish to show as exactly as I can what occurrences, both political and commercial, may he eitpected'to take place. I may be wronx. but, judging from the past, I rather believe that

am rig t; and Iam willing to let my opinions now, and the results hereafter, be placed together,

and confidently abide the issue.”

:-

(From the News of the World.)

The present aspect of affairs seems calcu- lated to occasion considerable suspense. It appears beyond question that the Turks maintained their position at Oltetiitza with the utmost intrepidity, and that neither in science nor discipline did they evince any inferiority to their assailants. Omar Pasha could only be dislodged from the lell bank of the Danube by the concentration ofthe whole Russian force in the Principalities, and, even before this demonstration, e retreated without loss and without dishonor. lfthe retirement of the Turks had been extended to all the divisons of their army, uffuirs would now be reduced to nearly the same position as that of last month—Rus- sinus and Ottomans being arrayed in Wal- lttchia and Bulgaria respectively, prepared for war, but with the Danube between them. There still, however, remains a stron Turkish detachment at Kulufnt, it place which has been recently fortified with intrenchinents and field-works, which pos- sesses a secure communication with \Viddin, and which can be occu 'ed at pleasure b as many additional troops as Omar Pasha may decide on throwing across. Already the force in this quarter is considerably more powerful than that which gave the Russians so much trouble at Oltenitza, and the position itself, as has been often remark- ed, is one of great strata itical iinportnnce. It is, consequently, by nofitnettns improbable that Prince Gortschako may direct his operations against this point, either after the reinforcements from Jussy have reached him, or with the army which is now con- centrated between Oltenitzn and Bucharest. As the Turks can command succours from their entire force, by means ofthe com- munication at Widdin, we may possibly hear of a decisive enga ement in these parts; nor is it unlikely, indeed, that Omar Pasha may repeat his attacks at other parts ofthe Danube, when the strength of his advei-gm? a been drawn into Lesser Wttllachia. On the other hand, the Rus- sians may now oppose the passe e of the river, and the force at Prince Gortschnkofl"s disposal, when the troops now on march have come up, may enable him to watch the several points, without circumscribing his operations against Ktalafat. These appear to be the considerations suggesting the principal chances of military action. The latest intelligence from Constantinople informs us that Omar Pasha has been ordered to prosecute the war with energy. At present the honours of the campaign undoubtedly rest with the Turks, who have advanced into the country occupied by the enemy, and inflicted severe losses upon their opponents, without experiencing any corresponding damage themselves.

Lotto BrtoUoiiaai.——Doctor Seve, of Can- next, has addressed the following letter, da- ted thc 30th October, to the Union du Var: —“ In it former number of your estimable journal it is stated that ‘Lord Brougham appears to have retired from public life, and to have fixed his residence at Cannes, in order to devote himself to the care of his broken constitution.’ It is my duty, as the physician of the Brougham family at Can- nes, to correct an error calculated to of- flict the numerous friends of the noble lord and the entire scientific world. Never did Lord Brougham enjoy more perfect health during the 20 years which he has visited our country.

PIRACY AND MURDER ON BOARD A BRITISH

r.

Great anxiety has of late prevailed res- pecting thc fate of the commander, officers, and some of the crew of the British brigan- tine Reindeer, of Great Yarmouth, who, ' was reported, had been ehocltingl y massacred on board the vessel, of the coast of Cape San Antonio, South America.

The Reindeer, it appears, was on a voy- age from Valparaiso to Monte Video and London, with a general cargo. At Monte Video she shipped on board two passengers, Spanish priests, and within a short time after her sailing front that port f'srEnglund, she was discovered, abandoned and ashore oil‘ Cape San Antonio, a lteadlandnear the mouth of the River Plate. She was taken possession of by five fishermen, who, after much exertion, succeeded in attic her off, and towing the vessel back nto cute

i , where they clai'ined.- II salvefiz 4000 dollars. About the some time t British consul learnt that the Instcr of the vessel, Captain Wilson,hia efisers_,etewerd, and one or two of the Spafih priests, had been murdered by some ofthe crew, who, after pluuderi the vessel of everything that was value In ran her asbore, so then escaped into the interior ofthe country,

wliersitts reported they sttbssqaestlybll

into the hands of some troops belonging to General Urquisa's army. They were stn pod outside of the walls of Bucnos Ayrcs antlsttspicions were excited owing to the quantity of gold and papers found on them;

and as the papers found related to the

Reindeer, they were accused of being the perpetrators of the murders on board thst vessel. \Vhen interrogated, one of them

confessed. and criminated the whole of his companions ofthe crimes imputed to them.

Whether they were sent to prison or pressed into the eueral’s service, the writer is been una lo to learn, but it appears quite clear, that those who materially assisted towards prosecuting the criminals have been permitted to leave the country. One of them proves to be one of the Spanish priests who sailed in the Reindeer front Mon- te Video, who has one to his convent at San Jose dc Flores. hero is nrnystery how he escaped. The claim made by the salvors for 4000 dollars was opposed on the ground of its being excessive, as well as oppressive to the owners, and ‘..’.0l)0dollars were offered as an equitable remuneration for their services. This was refused, but we have since learnt that the matter has been adjusted, and that the Reindeer was on the 3d of October, in the outer roads of Monte Viedo waiting her despatchcs to sail for England, the British consul having ap- pointed a. master to her and an efiicient crew.

Enausri Srnaa iuviaarioit on THI PAltANA.—Tlt8 new Liverpool steamer Ar- gentina, had, it appears, by letters just re- ceived from the Plate. arrived at Buenos Ayres. On the 21st of September she left Buenos Ayres for the purpose of ascend- ing the Parana to Rosario, which port the Argentina made in twenty-one hours and thirty minutes steaming, having been oblig- ed to stop at Sun Nicolas to wood. The Argentine lefl Rosario on the 23d Septem- ber, and reached Bucnos Ayres in twenty hours steamin . In passing the island of

artin Garcia on her ascent, the Argen- tina, though carrying the English flag, was fired at by a small war schooner stationed at the island; but on her descent Mr. Hud- field, the agent ofthe Liverpool company, who went ashore, was assured by the com- mundnnt that the guns had been fired with- out his permission. The vessel was receiv- cdut San Nicolas and Rosario with great enthusiasm by the inhabitants.

Lire AT THE DiGomGs.—Here was a blacksmith firing away in his particular de- partment. The shoeing ofhorses, the point- ing of picks, and restoring the wearied and worn-out edges of shovels, comprehended the sphere of his labours. is stock of iron was ludicrously small for such a. rich tradesmen as he probably was. But the profits were it fortune notwithstanding . He was as busy as it ‘bee. The earnings were it pound an hour; and sometimes two. Every leisure minute was liken shilling running out at the doorway. There was therefore no rest for l‘" Next comes it doctor. His house, feet square. Ifyou suggest si..,£, V _ . '3". ,... he is, drugs on '.._ .,-, ,_,,_ ,, '_, wedge... Doctor Senna, an apothecary I could have guessed, if there be anything in it name. Everybodv in the line, from the npothecury upwards, is doctoi here. The learned doc- tor complains that times are not what they once were here. The days of an ounce a vistit are one long since. He gets along, howeverfiie has aparty at work on the diggings, to whom he has supplied all the materials, and with whom he enjoys an equal pro rota share of the proceeds. An Esculapitin brother next door but three has not yet adventured into the diggings de- partment; but by the razor's edge of an idea, he has associated lemonade and soda water with the dignities of snrgery Ind physic, and he too is driving an excellent

rade.

News ritoit INDIA IN Tim Davs—Passa'.irurn tit Tunas Wuairs.—Wiihin a twelvemonth of the present date a railway will be completed from Ostend in Trieste, a distance of 1, 0 miles, in which there are even now only two considerable breaks. Letters, passengers and parcels will then oceupv little more than two days from the shores of the Channel to those of the Adriatic; four days more will take them to Egypt, and by the aid of the railway from Alexandria to Cairo, now rapidly advancing. they may wltliin 36 hours he afloat on the Red Sea, and in 19 days thereafter be safe in

omhay, or within three weeks of their leaving London. Within this date the electric telegraph, now preparing to be laid acrossthe Mediterranean, will have reached Suez, and the 4,000 miles wire which have already reached Calcutta will connect every great town in India with the port of Bombay ; so that before the year I856 expires we shall have communication by electric telegraph in ten or eleven days‘ time with ever part of of India, and by steamer and rail from omhay in twenty-one.—Morning Chronicle.

0 -s

UNITED STATES.

The Boston Transcript says:

In the fishing districts there is much discussion respecting plans for the future. Many of those engaged in the business will quit it, as there is not enough profit to warrant its prosecution. The fishermen have seen with great dissappointment that they have been virtually abandoned by the general government. Not one assachnsetts vessel in twenty on the grounds either saw or heard from the United States vea-els sent for their protection.

The Gloucester Telegraph, with great truth. rcmsrks:—

" You cannot make the fishermen believe from the evidence they have had, that the government cares anything about their interests even if it has ‘at its head a democrat, an-l ‘a New England President.’ They have about given up all hopes of any protection flag, and expect soon to be obliged to give up their whole business.

The American fishermen do not appear to have made up their minds that it is an utter impossibil- it for tbstu to compete with the native fishermen these slio adopted by the British Government. In O|If0!°Od- Their , were it twice as extensive, could not help them more than It has done. The

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cfflshiaf on the shores and within the bead- lssdabsaeg saslssivsly te lrtttsb ssbjssw, sad

res. whilst the stringent measures. of

must be vigorously maintained, whilst the Ame- ricans pursue the restrictive policy, to which they so pertineciously sdliere.

New Oannarts. Dec. 5, l853.—‘I‘he inter-

ntents, during the sat week, in this city were 372, including 914 rum cholera.

Invasion ofbotoer C¢fQ'fOrlIl'¢0!ltfDeCf¢1‘lfl'0I0_ffft

Irtdspntdettc¢—&nte Anne bvtperor.

The Washington Correspondent of the New York Tribune, under date of Friday, eays—

I have private advices from the city of Mexico to the l7th nlt., to the effect that letters were received from Topic, dated. on Nov. 12, state that two hundred armed men from San Francisco had just landed from the brig Caroline, at the ort of La Paz, Lower California, and ad taken possession of the town, put the Commander General in risen, and declared Lower Celiforniaindbpeudcnt. They have a flag with two stars, which is an posed by the Mexican informant to mean wer Califor- nia a onora.

Great excitement prevailed in Mexico on the I7th nlt., when the news was re- ceived. It is likel that’ Santa Anna may take advantage 0 this circumstance and of the agitation it causes among the Mexican pen lc to proclaim himself Emperor.

he Montreal Gazette recapitulutes the evidence directly iven before the Coroner an rend Jury, xing clearly upon Mayor Wilson the fact of having given the order to the detachment of the 96th Regt. to fire upon the people, and remarks:-.“ Would it not have been wise, proper decent, just, as well to the public as to the witnesses who swore to the Mayor's order, as to the Mayor himself, that this matter should have been sifted by both Grand and Petty Juries?”