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~VICTORIVS. JUBILEE.

ONLY FOUR WHO WERE PRESENT AT HER CORONATION

Are Now in the Land of the Living--

Nelson, Leicester, Gladstone and Vil-

liers--How England Has Grown Great |

Since Victoria Was Made Queen,

Queen Victoria has outlived nearly all of her contemporaries. This is perhaps not afresh piece of news. But it is brought to mind just pow in a peculiarly vivid manner by the fact that of those peers and personages who attended the coronation of her Majesty, only four remain to figure in the grand diamond celebration which will be held on June 32 next.

They are the Ear! Nelson, who, asa 13-year-old peer donned his silver coronet for the only time in his life at the mo- ment When the Archbishop cf Canterbury solemnly placed the crown of Great Bri- tain upon the head of the Queen; the

patriarchal Karl of Leicester, who acted on that occasion as page of honor and train-bearer to the sovereign’s uncle, the

old Duke of Sussex; Mr. Gladstone, now in his 88th year, and Mr. Villiers, ‘‘the Father of the House,’’ who at the age of 95 still takes part in the deliberatjons of Parliament

Both Mr. Gladstone and Witnessed the Queen’s that portion of Westininster Abbey re- served for the acconimodation of the members of the first Parliament of the present reign.

With these four notable exceptions, all those who stood near the sovereign dur- ing the first moiety of her occupancy of the throne have departed for another world, preceding her to that land frem whence no traveler—not even the **‘Anointed of the Lord’’—ever returns. The Archbishop whe crowned her, the ministers and statesmen from whom she sought counsel in her youthful inexperi- ence, the great soldier, Arthur, Duke of Wellington, who performing the func- tions of Lord High Censtable of the Realm carried the great Sword of State before her, nay even the very titled maidens who bore her train. all twelve of them daughters of dukes, have every one

Mr. Villiers coronation from

of them gone down to the grave before her. This in itself cannot fail to endow the gorgeous spectacle in Westminster

Abbey a few weeks hence with degree of pathos, especially venerable sovereign of the British Em- pire will be seen making her slow and difficult way up the nave—so truly alone and lonesome in the midst of the vasi and magnificently attired throng—to the thousand-year-old throne of King Edward the Confessor.

a certain when the

In Westminster Abbey.

Few who have seen Westminster Abbey on ordinary occasions would recognize the ancient fane on that day. For tier upon tier of seats, thronged with beauti- fully attired women, and men arrayed in uniforms glittering with every degree of magnificence will fill all available space. The participants in this unique pageant,

HON. W. E. GLADSTONE,

indeed, will be so closely packed together that each gothic frame of stone will have its dazzling living picture, whilk the hoary walls of England’s’ grand old metropolitan minister will seem hidden by a species of living curtain, sparkling, animated and literally palpitating with enthusiastic loyalty.

The religious portion of the ceremony will be short, the direction thereof being entrusted to the archbishops of Canter- bury and of York, to the bishop of Lon- don and to the dean of the Abbey, all four of whom for this occasion will wear those magnificent gold embroidered, purple velvet mantles with long trains that are known as their coronation robes. It will consist of a ‘‘Te Deum’’ composed by the Queen’s lamented hus- band, of a superb chorale likewise by the Prince Consort and commencing with

the words, ‘‘Because thy God loved israel, therefore made He the King to

do justice and judgment,’’ the national anthem being introduced in a manner peculiarly thrilling and effectiive.

Then the Archbishop of Canterbury, himself now on the threshold of his eightieth year, will intone the ‘‘ Thanks- giving,’’ as well as the prayers for the (jueen while the solemn blessing deliv- ered from the altar by the aged primate, followed by slow and sustained ‘‘ Amens’”’ chanted by the choir of three hundred surpliced men and boys, stationed in the

organ gallery, will bring toa elose this impressive and unique divine service. Throughout this service the Queen will

occupy the throne of King Edward the Confessor, over which will be thrown the royai robes of purple and ermine. It will stand on a dias that fills up the entire

space between the choir and the sacrarium, and facing the altar. which will be laden with gold plate and beautifully adorned with white blossoms. To the right and the left of the throne and behind it will be set gold chairs of State fer the Prin- ces and Princesses of the Royal family,

illustrious relatives from

nd for their

‘oad. At each corner of the dais will

be stationed the gorgeously epauletted gold-helmeted gentlemen-at-arms,

le the line from the entrance of the bbey to the throne will be kept by the Yeoman of the Guard or ‘‘ Beefeaters’’ arrayed in their quaint mediaeval cos- tume which dates back to the day of

Henry VILL.

And then when the last strain of the ““Amen’’ have died away, and the organ

commences to peal forth the magnificent Recessional march from ‘‘Athalie,’’ the Queen’s children, her relatives, and her royal and imperial guests will approach one by one to pay homage to the grand old lady, who is not merely the mother of kings, but the grandmother of em-

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THE DAILY EXAMINER, CHARLOTTETOWN, JUNE 21, 1897

~

perors, and the Matriarch of all the soy- ereign houses in Europe.

If at that mo-nent her lip commences to quiver and tears unbidden well up to her eyes, and stream down her wrinkled cheeks, no one need feel in the least sur-

prised. For let alone the changes that have been wrought cGuring the three- score years that have elapsed since she

first ascended the throne, she cannot but sorrow over the disappearance of many of those who were present at her golden jubilee in the self-same abbey only ten years back. She will leok in vain for her gallant and stalwart son-in-law, Em- peror Frederick of Germany, the noblest figure of the pageant in 1887, and his tragic death will be recalled to her mem- ory by the widow’s weeds worn py her eldest daughter, the dowager Empress of Germany.

The same somber garments of Princess Beatrice will revive the sense of the loss which she sustained through the death of Prince Henry of Bstteuberg. Gone,

oN, & eon d

RIGHT HON. C. P. VILLIERS.

too, are her Majesty’s son-in-law, Louis, the burly Grandduke of Hesse, her brother-in-law, the late Duke Regnaut of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, and her favorite grandson, the Duke of Clarence. She will likewise look in vain for ex King Amadeus of Spain, Duke of Aosta, who represented King Humbert at her golden jubilee, and for the ill-fated Crown Prince Rudolph, who attended the cele- bration in behalf of his father, the Em- peror of Austria and of Hungary. Nor are these the only shadows which will at that moment weight down her heart and depress her spirits. For the abbey is for her a Walhalla peopleé by the ghosts of the illustrious dead, who in their lives bore up her hands so not fall. Most of her Prime Ministers— Beaconsfield, Peel, Palmerston, Aberdeen and Russell—many of her most gallant soldiers such as Lawrence, Outram, Havelock and Clyde—aye, well nigh every one of those whose existence was devoted to her serivce and to endowing her reign with lustre lie buried within the walls of that ancient fane, and one can almost picture to oneself their spec- tres hovering in the air, and toward the throne in order to recall themselves to the kindly memory of tress by a species of

age.

supernatural hom-

Victoria's Reign.

While no great wars have marred the lustre of Victoria’s reign, yet it may be considered as the most glorious period in the entire history of Great Britain if one is to judge by the growth of the area, the population, and above all of the wealth of that empire upon which the sun never sets.

The population of the United King- dom alone has well-nich donbled, as has

also the number of her Majesty’s lieges in India and in her Colonial dependen-

cies, the grand total of those who naw accord her a willing allegiaace, amount- ing to the colossal figure of 320,000,000, In 1837 the area of the British Empire amounted to 2,000,000 square miles, whereas to-day it is five times that size, its superficies exceeding 10,000,000 square miges. The aggregate property of the people of the United Kingdom, calcu- lated om the basis of the income tax figures, has trebled in the last sixty years, as has also the revenue of the State, while the advance in the foreign trade of Great Britain during the same period has been more than 450 per cent.

The output of coal to-day is exactly twenty-five times as large as it was when her Majesty ascended the throne, and whereas, at that moment, the annual con- sumption of cotton barely exceeded 4,-

000,060 pounds, the returns for the last year show a consumption of more than four times that amount. And all this

addition in land, in wealth and in popu- lation has been acquired not by great and sanguinary conflicts and campaigns, but during a reign that on the whole may be described as the most peaceful in Eng- lish history.

Indeed it is this absence of those big wars which contribute so much to ob- struct the progress and to impair the prosperity of the nations involved there- in, that must be regarded as accountable for the phenomenal development of Great

Britain’s wealth, industry, trade and enlightenment—especially the last. It is a colossal task even to attempt to enu-

merate the changes that have taken place rince Victoria became Queen.

There was no regular or _ properly or-

ganized postal service three score years ago, and the price paid for the convey-

ance of the mails was enormous, people being compelled to pay as much as_ 30 and 40 cents for the transport of a letter for a few miles only. It was not until 1839 that ‘‘penny postage’’ was intro- duced, and the success of the scheme, so widely denounced at that time, may be gathered from the fact that during the twelve months which have just been brought to a close no less than 2,323,- $39,610 letters, post and parcels

United King-

cards nave been delivered in the dom through the post office.

In 1887 there were no railroads and no steamships. The journey from Liverpool to London was accomplished by means of a ‘‘coach and four,’’ while the trip across the Atlantic to New York was regarded as a quick one if done within six wecks under sail, in lieu of the six days which it takes to-day by steam.

Victoria bad been several years a queen before telegraphy was introduced, while it was not until she had become a grandmother that submarine communi- cation with the United States was estab-

lished. Photography, electric light, tele- phones, phonographs, etic., were all un-

known when she became Queen, and the first entry of an iron-buils ship on Lloyd’s register was made when Queen Victoria’s reign was only six weeks old, while during the three score years which have elapsed since then Great Britain’s commercial tonnage has inereased by close upon 1,000 per cent.

their royal mis- |

|

that they should |

A Song of Triumph

It was not until several years after the birth of the Prince of Wales that chloro- form and other anaesthetics came | use for surgical operations, and though it is scarcely creditable, within the mem- ory of Victoria surgeons have been obliged | after amputation to resort to the same barbarous methods as those practiced in dealing with the wounded during the battle of Trafalgar—namely, to plunge the bleeding stumps into hot pitch to stay the hemorrhage.

Chousands upon thousands of hospitals and analogous charitable institutions have been called into existence in the British Empire during the last three- score years, partly through the influence of the Queen herself, and partly through that of her eldest son, the Prince of Wales, the people having been taught by their illustrious ruler, and by her chil- dren, as well, to believe that the best and surest way to royal favor was to vote money to the relief of those of their fellow citizens in want and misery. Thus, all through the memorable visit of the Prince of Wales to Indla, whenever the native princes in their excess of enthusiastic loyalty expressed their in- tentions of erecting costly statues and monuments to the Queen in their domin- as a memecrial of his stay, he invari- ably urged them to devote the money instead to the construction of charitable institutions, explaining that it was by relieving the distressed and the less for- tunate of the Sovereign’s lieges that they

ions,

would best please her Majesty and him- self. The result is that to-day in India some splendidly equipped hospital or charity marks every town and_ city in which Albert Edwaal halted during his |] progress through England's great Ori- ent:.8 empire, Just one and twenty years

ago.

The same policy has been home, and by this means millions upon millions of dollars, which would other- wise have remained in the pockets of their donors, or hoarded in banks, have been lavished upon charity and philan- thropy, and it is in keeping with the eutire tenor of the reign of Queen Vic- toria that the sixtieth anniversary of her accession to the throne should by her particular wish—so eloquently expressed by the Prince of Wales—be signalized by gifts to the poor, to the hosvitals and to philanthropic undertakings of every kind.

pursued at

THE VICTORIAN AGE.

Over the Achieve- ments of the Reign.

A writer in the Edinburgh Review charges down upon the pessimists of the day with a clear-toned song of triumph over the achievements of the Victorian reign. He begins by telling of the mar- vellous growth of the British Empire. In India, in Egypt, in Africa, in Australia, bettered conditions of life have grown up here under the shadow of the flag; and there is no guarantee that they would have reached these countries had the flag never been planted there. Can- ada, as we know it, has practically come inta being during the reign of Victoria. In '37 we were afew detached settle- ments, torn by civil war. In ’41 came the Uniou of the Canadas; in ’67, the federation of the four provinces; and to- day we own half a continent, magnifl- cently equipped with railroads and canals, where there is use for them, and offering the best opportunity for civilized settlement in the world.

The Edinburgh Review writer points out that the popuiation of the United Kingdom has increased during the pres- ent reign by one-half; while the addition of territory to the Empire has_ been tre- mendous. ‘‘' Two hundred and seventy-five thousand square miles have been added— a territory larger than Austria—in India; ' 80,000 square miles—a space as Vast as Great Britain—in the rest of Asia; 200,- 000 square miles—a region as large as Germany—in South Africa, and in East Africa 1,000,000 square miles—or about half the extent of European Russia.’’ The area now totals something like 10,- 000,000 square miles, and nearly every fourth person on earth ‘‘owes allegiance, directly or indirectiy, to the Queen.”’

Coming to the condition of the people, the advance is, when measured by the progress of the past, nothing short of miraculous. Railroads, in the modern sense of the term, are the products of this reign. In 1844, we are told thata third-class railway ride from London to Exeter took sixteen hours and a half. Steamships, too, developed into —useful- ness since the Queen’s accession. The Sirius and the Great Western crossed the Atlantic in 1838. It took the Sirius eighteen days to travel from Cork to New York. The record now is nearing five days. Telegraphing, cabling, cheap post- age, are all Victorian. to say nothing of the wonders of these last days, in which the human voice may be stored up ina box or carried across a continent, in which electricity pulls loads, and lights houses and streets, in which disease is tracked to its lurking place and killed.

Some very suggestive figures are given,

too, bearing on the financial position of the people. ‘‘Paupers in England and Wales numbered, in 1839, 1,137,000, and in 1842, 1,429,000, but now only 800,000; with a population neariy doubled there are only two paupers for every three at the Queen’s accession.’?’ The convict population in 1833 was 50,000; in 1893 it had fallen to 4,345 prisoners, and about 2,000 ticket-of-leave-men. As for educa- tion, the first annual grant in Britain for

that purpose was made in 1839, and amounted to $150,000. Now the grant totals $45,000,000. ‘‘In 1850 one child

out of every 89 people was at school, but one person out of every 20 was a pauper, and one out of every 700 was a criminal. In 1890 one child out of every eight was at school, but only one person out of every 3€ ‘was a pauper, and only one per- son out oi: every 2,400 was committed for trial.’’

In the face of such figures, who dare talk of the degeneracy of the times? It is only by imagining certain features of a past age imbedded amidst modern con- ditions that a plausible case is sometimes made out for them. In such parts of the world as have been caught in the sweep of what we call European civilization, the condition of man has been immense- ly bettered in the last half century. If any injury has been done us as a race, it

is due to the fact that science has been so kind—has surrounded us with so many of her good gifts that we are cut

off from nature and her streams of vital- ity. But if this be true, it is cur own fault, and constitutes an abuse of genu- ine benefits. The time will come, too, when we shall learn better. Any age of rapid change or advance must bring forth a host of fresh difficulties and new evils which ‘‘the common sense of most’’ will in time overcome. A boy may cut him- self with his first knife, but that does not make a knife a bad thing or render

i

it desirable that the lat shoula airways be kept knifeless.

The speed at which we are progressing turns the marvels of one year into the commonplaces of the next. We are no longer very much surprised at anything. Reality is perpetually tripping on the heels of the most agile imagination. The novelist who would have trapped his villian six months ago by photographing proofs of his guilt, through an opaque substance, wouid have been credited with a daring fancy, but he would have barely “‘arrived’’ before the man of science. It would be bravado to-day to declare any- thing impossible, short of a revision of the multiplication table. One cannvut be sure of what man has not yet done until he has seen his evening paper. What an age to sii in the whispering gallery of the world and listen to the news!

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