-s , v .- t . , 7

77:9 Guardian I

9, "(Juan Prinu Edwuro Isi..no Lina Ihr new' Published lwery week day nurmng II to: Prince Street. uurlotieiown. P E. l.. by the rummun Corniizmy Ltd

14 King St W.. Toronto.

Iluiueal DHICB. t alu-nil) Tower Bldg

Editor. Frank Walker Gcimrai hlaiiiiuer. Ian A Burnett Member cumuiian Hull) Neykaviipcl I Publislir.-rn Association nlenibei oi the (iiuii-uiian Pies- . Alrinlitr Audit llu-1-:iu ui tiiiw-ulaiiuiis I uaii--ii offices at Surnnirixide. M(llIla'.'u8 and .illn-iinm Aulhiiriletl as St-rund Flinn Hill by the Poll Ollire Department. Ouaua. it L'airi'ier ('li.irloiti-town siiiumcrsulr 81.1.00 per an- ”m l-Elsewhere in P.i-:i 39 no oihu Province: um t' S Si2.uii per unnulli

. , l' THl7RSl)AY. APRIL 5. i956

The Educational Crisis

The great technological a n ti scientii'ic a.'.v-tuices resulting from the eiliicaiiozial sysietn of the Soviet lfniou are the theme of much coin- meni at the present tlrrie. As Dr. tlroskeigx pouuctl out in addressing our ii'czi:-In-i's liicilcratioii here this Vl'l'Pli, tin-.-e reported advances con- jure up some frightening consequen- ccs that could result from the in- aileqiiiicics of our own educational facilities. lie ivas careful to add. howexer, that mclliotis employed under tlommunisin would not be ap- plicable in a free democracy. We must seek our own solution to the problem, and in doing so we must keep clearly in mind what the prob- lem is about. An arresting article on this subject is contributed to the editorial page of the Winnipeg Free Press, from which we shall take the liberty of quoting.

Under Communism education is a means to purely material ends and redoubled efforts are being made to streamline it from the kindergarten to the university and beyond. The whole Soviet. educational process is geared to turn out specific categories of human beings designed to do nothing but the jobs they are mould- ed to do. As in a giant sausage fac- tory. the human "meat" goes in at one end and out of the other end come doctors, scientists, engineers.

chemists, farmers, workers, and so on. all wrapped up in their tight little mental skins. This is mass pro- duction efficiency in its final horror -the direct, conscious application of man as the slave of the machine. When this system gets rolling and can be applied to all the satellite countries, they will have about three-quarters of the world's poi)- ulation to work on. I On the basis of sheer human re- hources we cannot compete with this, and, what is more important we ihouldn't try. Our humanitarian lib- oralism will not permit of the neces- sary ruthlessness. What. we ought to do is immediately reverse the bum- bling steps we have already taken in the direction of mass conformism. We must. and the time is short, re- build our attitudes and methods of education to coincide with our pro- fessions of respect for the individual. We must start producing the maxi- mum number of rational thinking human beings. who value variety of thought. and genuinely believe in the worth of the individual. We could make a start in the right dir- ection by encouraging our best minds to enter the teaching profes- sion. by raising the remuneration ind conditions of employment above that of any other profession. and by providing maximum opportunity for self - development. to all children Within our nation rcgarriless of eco- nomic circumstances, race, color, creed or location. I In order to meet the costs of this revolution, which concentrates on personnel rather than on buildings and equipment, most of the financial burden should be placed as a first

charge on the revenues of the prov I

incial and federal governments. On yo other basis can such costs be met and in no other way can we meet the challenge flung down by the poetics of the mechanical man. The struggle before us

differences; to foster personal

hitellectual courage and honesty; to hitroduce a competitive urge to mas- ter the fundamentals of our culture. , us laying the foundation for ever

lgher standards of personal respon- ' 'hl.llf.y. "Only in this way" says the r ' Preu writer, "can we produce a 4 ' who will rid themselves of po- . - . I' - who are afraid to face issues .-Allltlieholectorl thotruth;ed- -- -- who are afraid of their I (don; bullneu men who are advertising who nllituhucklter for the ... ': eiti-ng when-u.-t -re ,, ' platinum; and tho wiwh dull, . ' ,,lIdloQi,&tywhlcIimnsI .' . - it tin:-in-.

raid” Io adventure;

I.

is 1 Itruggle for men's minds. We need to protect, stimulate and feed the hnquiring mind; to inculcate love of Earning for its own sake; to encour- 89

lug on us all.” In this society in. which ne all say we believe and which we can build if we have the intestinal fortitude to attempt it, ”tln:i-e will be such a flonering of the human spirit as will draw all 0 men unto us." Short of this, we shall lizivc no line of ileiciice against the oiirusliiiig robots. We shall either go tlonn llll(lt'l' their feet or--worse late still,liet-ome as themselves.

Farmers And Strikes A letter in 'llticsday's Public l30l'llm stiggcstcii that farmers re- fiise to protiucc- go on strike, that is- uiiiil lairm prices improved suf- ficiently to ensure in-iisoiiziiile finan- cial rt-ltiriis. The tone of the lettei imlicaics that our corrcspoiitlent was uriling hall ill just and half in earn- est. 'I'lie idea, Iiowcvcr. is by no iiicuiis novel. it hits been talked about time and time again and, in- deed. tried oiil in certain special fields. Right non a strike of dairy farniers is cziiisiiig a serious short- age of milk. much unrest. and. in- cidentally, threats of street litlllllng. in Detroit. It is too soon to ea! lU5l what the upshot will be. but the in- dicaiions are that the whole thing will rcsult in some sort of comprom- ise. There seems to be a D0S5II3IIIl.V of the strikes spreading to other parts of the country; but. for one reason or another. it is almost im- possible for farmers strikes to reach the stage that is frequently reached by labour unions. For one thing, the area of inter- esls is so large and varied that it would be virtually hopeless to ex- pect to bring it, for purposes of negotiations, under ”one roof", so to speak. For another, cattle have to be fed, whether they are producing or not, and the products of the fields have to be harvested in season whether they be sold or unsold. No one needs to be reminded of the havoc that would ensue from a pro- longed nation - wide agricultural work stoppage: and, of course, no other kind would have any chance of succeeding. Then again farmers are more than business men, al- though of course they are engaged in business, and a most important one. They have a deep conscious- ness of the part they play in the ad- vancement of human wellbeing; and, although they like to grumble, just as other mortals do, it is safe to say that. not one in ten would be willing to hold the non-farming community as hostage, pending consideration of his claims, even though these claims may be. and usually are, reasonable and just.

Perhaps this is due to the fact that farming in its broader aspects is more of an art than a science; and it is the way of the artist to look beyond the monetary value of his handiwork to its essential status in service. If it be said that this is detrimental to the farmer's eco- nomic interests, it must be answered that all forms of art have been sub- jected to unfair treatment. Thus it has been. Thus it is. Thus it will be. No one would deny the right of farmers to better economic gains. And these will come. perhaps soon; for the need is being more and more recognizcrl daily, not only by govern- merits, but. and more importantly, by the public conscience from which governments derive their mandates. It is difficult to believe, however, that strikes will, or could, hurry these gains along.

EDITORIAL NOTES

If United States Secretary of Air Quarles doesn't make interesting speeches. it isn't because he is care- less about his style. it is said that he spends at. least. 15 hours polishing each bit. of oratory.

C I I

Dr. John F. Heard of the David Dunlap Observatory, who made a miscalculation of ten hours in his edict announcing t h e arrival of Spring. has apologized for the error. He ought not to feel too badly about it. There was no great harm done really. Weather-wise, Spring was delayed a lot longer than ten hours. In fact. in most parts of Canada its appearance is still a mere formal one.

0 O I

It is reported that this Province in one of the areas that will have fewer R.C.M.P. constables within 1 year or so. It is to be hoped that be- fore governmental consent is given to the proposed curtailment care will be to see that law entomo- ment and patrolling of the highway: are not weakened. so far as this Provlnceiseoncornod,itwliibega'i- ernily amea . -um t'.ho,R.C.M.P.- it jvlng. shun: uwugw

, mac .-.

TO ENABLE THEM TO GIVE THEIR BEST

Weed Gwen

THOUGH BEAUTY RISE Behold the polished apple of do- ' lualou.

Product of an optimistic eye.

Inspect the fruit, where buried in seclusion,

A worm in curled. Appearances be-

lie.

No mark of tarnish on the golden peach:

Tho satin plums still wear their

smoky sheen.

Insidious worm. how cruelly you teach

That. havoc. subtly wrought. can to unseen.

Though beauty rise to shimmering cresecndos. I

Minds are at work to bring her crashing down.

Taking weird shapes. their subtle innuendoes

Poison our thoughts until the world looks brown.

One perfect apple beckon: from the

bough. Rlpened too late. We are not humil- ry now. - Beatrice Hiissey Oakes in the New York Times.

OUR ETESTERDAYS

From The Guardian File: TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (April 5. 1031)

Military splendor and civic dig- nity blended yesterday as the Earl

of Bessborough landed at Halifax .

to take up the trust vested in him as the King's representative and Canada's Commander-in-Chief. The full figure and striking personality of the man himself dominated the ceremony of taking the oath of al- legiance and office, in the flag-drap- ed Council Chamber of the Prov- ince House.

April is here again and the boys of the Hunter River di..:rict are off in the river and streams to pull in or try to catch a string of speck- led beatuies after the long months of closed season on trout.

The potato crop in the Bedeque i

area last year realizing such a large quantity of small potatoes and the price of table stock being so low, many farmers secured a numbe of hogs and commenced feeding the potato surplus.

TEN YEARS AGO (April 5. min Georgetown is practically an Ice- free harbour with the exception of some above the Ferry Wharf. The ferry was moved to the east side of the Railway Wharf Thursday as

there was danger of the ice com- .

in; down the rivers, damaging the boat It left at her own dock. On Friday the ferry made her first crossing of the season.

Members from Prince Edward ls- lnnd and New Brunswick share the concern of Lleut. Col. R.H. Wint- erl, Liberal for Queens-Lunem burg, over the nmission from the British loan agreement of any re- ferpnce to the amount Britain will spend in the purchase of prime fish products. v

Al I meeting of the Alberton and Wont Point Board of Trade today, resolution: calling for the establish- ment of a ferry service between Went rain: and Buctouche. N.B.. and the making of Alberion I port of call on the commercial Iervlco between Charlottetown and New- foundland ports. were passed un- animounly.

The Age Old Story

The -OH'lIl coming In the which all that an In the Inn: shall Ion Illa voice and shall come

IISERVII Illl

LONDON tlieuterli--Tho slal-

' tap an-u't (old and dollar rnornpi

MIC 5! 001000.000 in March. the Inquiry announced cdnuduy. This to the third Incentive mouth

tho noorvu have hum an In- problem in loan h or-cut. rial by CHAN in In sum - . nary and l.flI.G in F

The total maervoli on uounuI.m.UlM-

cm the ocular nu-I'll. III! with

,Bilterness in The Old South

By George Kitchen Canadian Plieu Ralf

The old south is in the throes of

I social revolution that is rekind-

I ling fires of bitterness and hatred not seen since the black days fol- lowing the Civil War.

Below the Mason-Dixon line, the Pennsylvania-Maryland boundary drawn by two English astronomers nearly 200 years ago. naming crosses burn again at night on the soft southern landscape. rau dis- orders and tensions trouble the

land and once again there is talk Arkansas. Texal.

of secession.

Here, in a region making up one-sixth of the land area of the United States and peopled by 30.- 000.000 whites and l0,000.000 Ne- groes, pressures are mounting and the once easy and often cordial relationships between the two

, races are fast disappearing.

I CAUSE OF UPHEAVAL W The immediate cause of the so- cial upheaval is the 1954 Supreme Court decision holding it uncon- stitutionl for the southern states to bar Negro children from schools attended by white youngsters. n . ruling that spelled the legal ad of the soulhls segregated Ichoo sys- tem and struck deeply at the roots of the ingrained southern tradition of keeping the two races apart. But the stresses and strains that are weakening the fabric of southern custom go back to I war- I induced industrial revolution which I brought new wealth to the south, giving the Negro greater economic security and greater incentive to

claim the rights guaranteed him , in common with other Americans mhlct:eh':d'Ol'(:e gluihexgtppiag

under the United States Constltu- I tion. School desegregation, because of i

its widespread ramifications is the .

headline-catcher at the moment, but other race barriers. other ele- ments of southern Jim Crowism. lie fermenting below the larger issue of the public school.

in many southern areas. for ex- I ample, Negroes find lhemselvesI excluded from white restaurants, I movie houses. hotels. inns. bars.I swimming pools and golf courses. They rest in segregated waiting rooms in bus and rail depots and , sit behind a cnlorbar In inter-I state buses. though federal author- ilies have banned racial discrim- ination in inter-stale travel.

0FFl('lAI. SUBTERFUGES In theory, the Negro has the right to vote but in much of the -south he finds himself dlsfran- chiscd through various official subterfuges. such as poll taxes. education qiialificatlons and other requirements. In some rural coun- ties. the naked threat of physical violence and reprlsal has been used effectively to keep Negroes away from the polls. Yet despite a way of life that . relegales him to second-class citi- ; zenship. the Negro himself in among the first to admit" that he has made great strides. particu- larly in the last is years. School segregation now is illegal, though several states are openly seeking I ways to circumvent the law. Fair employment laws enhance his chances of employment, discrim- ination is banned in interstate travel and some states have eased voting requirements to the point where more Negroes are voting than ever before. I One fact often lost sight of in the wetter of angry public debate on the school issue in that 500 Negro

formerly all-white. state-supported ; colleges and universities In tho - south. None of these enrolmentiiI was accompanied by the rnclnll disturbance: which 1' e c 2 II t I y I marked the attempted entrance of I student Aulherlu Lucy into tbel, University of Alabama. in the ' strongly race-conscious deep south.

The impact of the racial proh- Iem does not fall evenly on the south as a whole. By its voryt na- lure, its intensity risen in those areas where the Near. population is greatest. This in of tho Io- callod Black Bell, on lnogular are: extending In on are from yirunln across the south to Ten: and taking in the five sum most firm in their refusal to soup! in- tegration - Virginia. south caro- lino. Georgia, Alabama and Illusio-

lation and hence fewer inter-racial

I aggravations. state authoritiu an

I integrating their Ichooll.

r Between the two extreme: to six states where plat: and local

authorities, though some are re-

sisting the trend. appea prepared

to accept eventual integration. In "

some. Negro and white pupils al- ready are sitting lids by side in the class rooms. These state: in- clude North Carlolna. Tennessee.

Louisiana and Florida.

Thus. local customs and the rights accorded the Negro vary -. from county to county and state I to state. Generally speaking. the I Negro's position is better in town: . and cities than it. is in backwoods l rural area: where poor whites -of- ten find themselves in economic competition with Negroel. The bnttleline is drawn between two powerful groups. I On the one side in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. a militant 300.- 000-member organization which has I been carrying the fight to and I school segregation and break down I other color barriers. Formed in I 1909. it draws 90 per cent of its membership from the Negro race. OPPOSING GROUPS On the other side is the newly- formed movement of White Citi- zens Councils and other organi- zations carrying such labels as white America, Inc.. Southern Gentlemen and the Christian American Segregation Association

councils. which thrive on talk of ”race mongrelization,” came into being on the heels of the Supreme Court decision on schools.-No ac- curate estimate of their following is available but Mississippi alone has nearly 80.000 members. While secession talk is in the air, no one seriously believes the south again will attempt to break away from the union and precipi- tale another bloody war such as that which devastated the south in the 1860:. Yet. indicating the in- tensity with which the south clings to its traditions. the posalbllity.of secession is being discussed, not by rabble-rouseru; but by well-edu- caied. middle--'asI southern folk. in this election-year Congress. 100 southern Senators and mem- ber: of the House of Representa- lives have issued a manifesto challenging the Supreme Court school decision as a "clear abuse" of judicial power and pledging themselves to use "all lawful means" to reverse it. ANGEIIED BY RULING Public opinion polls indicate the vast majority of southern whites oppose school desegregation. They. as do their leaders in the legisla- tunes and in Congress. rcgard the court riillng as unconstitutional and are openly angered at what they feel is a northern invasion Into the south's private affairs. Surprisingly those same polls show that more than a third of the pouth's l0.000,000 Negroes also favor separate schools. Pal-adoxlcnlly, the south. in maintaining separate schools for white and Non-oes. was following the dictum of a supreme Court ruling of another day. in 1896. the court. said it was constitutional for the states to segre ate Negroes from white-as in r road trains- lf the facilities (Ivan Negroes were

students already are attend nl am.) to mos. or the Whig”,

This was the famous "separate- but.-equal.” doctrine - and the key word here was "equal." Negro leader: claim the system never really worked. that the facilities provided Negro 'chIldren never were equal to than of the whites

They point to report: from the 17.8. deplrtment of health. educa- tion and welfare which stale that,

the basin of current expenses

r white children, it would cost more than 8ln0,0W.N0 additional a your to make the Reno schools in the south equal to those for while youngsters.

other statistics indicate that In ll: Alabama. for example. men! 0100 for education for I while child no In: for I Negro. Ar- kaiuu 0118 on while no-

yirk. They say chm ma ohnnsed :oi.'rilght.'h.y'ca mph 1 in, log: pg.

- pear with cancer of the gum or

Medically Speaking

Dy llor-mu N. lundepel. M. D. nAIu.v DETECTION Ania

IN IAT,'l'LE WITH CANCER

CANCER in an all or nothing disuse. Find it early and you can

A very often be cured. Let. it go and

it will kill you. In that simple.

with the American Cancer So- ciety conduc L. its campalgh- for 336300.000 this month to aid the cancer battle. I think it is an ap- I3W7Pl"lIie time to give you some detailed information which might help save your life.

Cancer of the lip. tongue and mouth is fairly easy to detect. Usually the victim himself notices it. For this reason deaths from

this type of malignancy are re- -

latlvely few.

To protect yourself, you should be well acquainted with some of the causes and sym-

I Sudbury Star however. I

1, apparent reason.

ptoms. If you know what to watch , for. you can get prompt treatment. .

Cancer of the mouth and lip seems to show a sex preference- these typcs are more likely to strike men. On the lip, it affects the lower more Oflen than the upper.

DENTAL HYGIENE. If you use smoking of clieuing

tobacco without restraint--and without proper dental liygienc-

I Or maybe a lump will develop Just-

- paralysis of the tongue. especially

you may be a candidate for cnn- I

cer of the mouth. llahitual drink- ing of excessively hot liquids might be a prediposing fat-tor. So may jagged teeth or poorly lilting fal- se teeth, both of which are apt to cause irriation.

Too much heat or overexposure

to the sun seem to help develop- ment of lip cancer. Farmers and sailors, who work outdoors is lot, are often victims. So are smokers who customarily hold the hot short end of a cigar in their lips or who use old-fashioned clay pipes. The first indication of lip cancer may be a crack which does not heal. or a warllike scabby lump which does not disapear. A bleed. ing sore maygdevelop from either of these beginnings even though there is no pain. Eventually, the Hub at the base of the sore may becqme swollen.

CANCER OF GUM Similar symptoms usually

Ip- inner cheek. Running or wartlike sores anywhere in the mouth are signals to see your doctor right lwayil are softpdpuffy gums

BUSINESSMEN

TURN

CHURCHMEN

Six succusful businessmen ra- untly quit their profitahlo corner: to ontur fl-in Anglican Ministry. Appointed to outly- ing parlshu In Weston: On- tnrio they now travel long dis- tance: to covnr their districts and to attend collago lecturu botwun ichurch duties. Read tho story of their activities in THE STANDARD this week. Get THE STANDARD-on sale now. complete with magazine, I2-page novel and Z0 pager of comics. Only ten cents.

!heStuIulIitil

ON SALE NOW

DIAL 3644

. QUESTION AND ANSWER

. seven days

day

irnrlrurur

90194. The Guardian

Notes BY THE WAY

Although he nfchod closely for all those years. it may ho neces- sary for sir Anthony Eden to so back to wlnnle and any: "show me just once 1117!! how to do it." -Brandon sun

Tourists don't want their huff fussing over them like wet hens but they do appreciate warm hos- pitality. They don't want to live in a home away from harm, other- wise there would be no point in leaving home for a vacation. And U.S. tourists don't go into sublime bliss because their cabin in the pines is labelled Texas. Montana or some other state and a (1.8. flag is flying from the flagpole.--

........EE.........ED. which bleed easily. often for no

The tongue also may be subject- ed to a sure that does not heal.

under the surface. This lump may

be topped with a white, painless

scab, or a painful open sore. Another danger sign is sudden

if the paralysis is accompanied by pain. Bleeding or discharge of odorous pus might be another sig- nal.

Any of these symptoms should Send YOU scurrying to your doctor.

- Mrs. R.A.: My child is recover- ing from chickenpox. She still has 5 some scabs. Can she go back to 3 school?

Answer: Children who have had chickenpox should hot be in contact with other children for after the infection I starts. whether or not the scabs I have disappeared. I

one woman threaten: the my carrier that if she doesn't. get he; '3'" "P1181". lhe will get Illolhgp postman.-Brandon Sun

A court in the United Stat

ruled that a baseball umpire: ii: no right to hit I spectator who shouts offensive remarks at him Being razzed in an occupatlonai hazard with baseball referees, and should be accepted with good grace. If a fan couldn't give an um- Dlre the Bronx cheer. half the fun Of watching baseball would be 105:

Ottawa Citizen '

Th! early days of s in

to be holding true in n'.i'm.'v7f.53 days and cool nights have started lthe flow of sap and it may not ha 011; before sugaring parties are in full swing on the market. and let's MP9 the syrup will be maple. There u been to much adulterating 01' the Pure Product in recent years. ll I5 Very 6883' to pass off watered- down syrup. and it is to be honed that government inspectors will keep a careful eye on such pract. I085--r Quebec Chronicle Telegraph

'Every little while some alleged discovery of medical science knock A popular and ancient belief into I cocked hat. For instance. freq. uent deep breathing was a funda- mental must. It filled your tubes and inward parts with ozone (just the other day we saw ozone des- cribed as a poisonous gas!) and made you feel like a million dol. lars. Now we learn that it is bad

I business to go about breathing

hard. You are sure to become a victim of "hyper-ventilation", th (3 man said. So. rather than catch that (whatever in the world'lt in let us save our breath to cool our porridge.-Montreal Star

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