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By Any Other Name ‘ly the past, the Liberal party was frequently criticized by the Con-

servatives when they were. in op- position for having one policy for Quebec and another for the re- mainder of Canada. Now they are on the horns of another dilemma. As a result of the labor trouble in Newfoundland, the Liberal split has widened and the party spokes- men are finding themselves on quite Opposite sides of the fence in their policy toward Canada’s newest Pro- vince. :

» According to Mr. Pearson, na-— tional party leader, certain provis- ions in Premier Smallwood’s legis- lation decertifying the two I.W.A. locals run counter to Liberal policy in labor matters, which is “firmly based_on the right of free, collective bargaining through unions chosen by the workers themselves.” The five Liberal M._P.’s from Newfound- land, including the redoubtable Mr. Pickersgill, have. issued statements “fully supporting” the legislation as being proper and necessary for the welfare of Newfoundland.

_ Despite this, Mr. Pickersgill in- gists there is no split in party ranks. “It’s really not a rift,” he says. “The Newfoundland situation isn’t applic-

_ able elsewhere in Canada.” Mr.

Pearson calls it “a difference of opinion” between himself and his party stalwarts. He says, too, it’s “one issue only” and there has been no basic weakening of the party. _” Mr. Pearson, of course, has read Tennyson and is familiar with the lines about “the little rift within the lute, That by and by will make the music mute, And ever widening, slowly silence all.” Just now the party is desperately striving to re- build its forces devastated by the Conservative avalanche of a year ago. The music emanating from it is by no means up to its oldtime or- chestral volume in ament; and with five Liberal M.P.’s singing out of tune, the melody is likely to get lost altogether.

More Immigrants Needed

Speaking recently in the House of Commons, Immigration Minister Fairclough predicted that more im- migrants will enter Canada in 1959 than the 125,000 New Canadians who came to this country last year. This is good news. But the fact re- mains, as noted in the Letter- Review, that the 1958 immigration figure of 125,000 was only about half of the 1957 figure, when nearly a quarter of a million new settlers came to this country.

If the flow of immigration so necessary to growth and prosperity is to be restored to 1957 levels, more will be needed than. mere official- optimism. Existing restrictions’ on

immigration will have to be remov- |

ed and positive steps taken to en- courage entry into the country of more New Canadians. No great up- surge in immigration is likely so long as entry into Canada is con- fined to people who are “sponsored” _ by relatives or friends already in the country. Nor will the flow of immigration be substantial \so long as entry is confined to limited groups of workers whose particular skills happen to be in demand.

Worth recalling in this connect- ion is-the fact that Prime Minister Diefenbaker, in his election cam-~ ipaign, stated that his Government would promote “an intensive immi- ‘gration policy.” He also declared that immigratio: under his Government, ‘would be “expansive rather than re- ‘strictive.” It is to be hoped that Immigration Minister Fairclough, who says that “it is confidently be- ‘lieved that economic conditions now ‘warrant a more. optimistic approach ‘to immigration planning for 1959,” * will propose policies which will bring ‘the number of New Canadians en- tering, country substantially on figure of 125,000.

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_ Nuclear Tests é: _, There will, be concern in this country as well as in the neighbor- |

S. Department of Defense and Atomic Energy Commission, which indicates a much heavier rate of radioactive fallout from atomic tests than was previously officially esti- mated. There is some technical -dis- agreement between the two agen- cies as to just how long it takes for

_they agree that the time involved is substantially shorter than the pre- viously given seven or so years’ ave- rage. * :

Both agencies say that there is no present danger to humans even with the increased rate of fallout. But if previous estimates in fallout calculations were substantially in error, laymen will wonder if other important aspects of the situation have been correctly assessed.

An increase in radioactivity in soils and plants has been noted both in the U.S. and Canada during the past year. The public has been as- sured by government officials in both countries that this radiation is far below the danger point. Yet the best assurance any government can give is to suspend nuclear tests until a great deal more is known about the rate of Strontium 90 fallout and

‘ its effects than now appears to be the case. The sooner an agreement is reached between the big powers on this issue, the sooner will the public be assured that the future health of the human race will not be endangered.

Canadian Library Week

Less than one Canadian in every three was reading a book at the time of the last survey by the Gallup organization. This is not a situation of which we can be proud; nor is the fact that only 61 per cent of our

citizens have ready access to public library service, according to the most recent government su rvey. Our reading record, by almost any yardstick, seems to be about the worst among western nations, save - for the United States.

Whatever the reasons for this picture, we welcome a move that is underway to change it. The first Canadian Library Week is to be ob- served from April 12 to 18. The program, which is actually the finishing touch to a two-month, . nationwide, “Wake Up and Read” campaign, should remind us of the relationship between reading and knowledge and our traditions of freedom. It should help to rekindle an interest in those of us who have lost touch with books; to open the way to new, worthwhile experience for others who have neglected th reading habit. :

EDITORIAL. NOTES

Scientists are studying the crab in an effort to find out something respecting nervous disorders in man. Let us hope that they will not interfere with the crab’s‘calm out- look on life.

* * *

Our farmers have their prob- lems—many of them. But they don't have to worry about serious drought. Reports from Australia say that close to a million sheep and a half- million cattl have perished from drought since i} started about three years ago.

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* 2

In. the referendum on the new French constitution, only one “non” vote was cast in de Gaulle’s home | village. Members of his cabinet sus- pected that the general, out! of modesty, had voted against his own constitution. But when de Gaulle avas asked, “Did you vote that one no?” he said that he ‘had not. “It was Philemon, my chef. He wasn’t opposed to the constitution. He just didn’t waht to move to Paris.”

* % *

Senator Hubert Humphries or Minnesota has accused the Eisen- hower administration of “a shame- ful waste of our nation’s great oppor- tunity to use food for building peace.” He réferred to the country’s $9 billion worth of food surplus in face of a widespread hunger in many parts of the world. “A break-through in the eonquest of hunger,” he said in a speech to a farmers’ organiza- tion, “would be more significant in the cold war than the conquest of outer space.” There is much merit

ing republic over a report of the U. |

in the view.

OTTAWA REPORT

Partnership

By Pa The United States has stolen

and as neither Liberal nor Con- servative government at Ottawa

PUBLIC FORUM

HOSPITAL INSURANCE

Sir—As I see Hospital Insur- ance saaping up on P.E.I. by the present Government, it is what I would call a perfect fail- ure and here are my reasons for saying so: |

First, an undertaking as im-

ant as the health of our ci- tizens, and which fails to include 100 percent, is a misfit and un- worthy of our support. The chief cause of this. failure is the dir- ect cash donation of $4.00 month- ly rather than a sales tax. If it is left to our people to contribute monthly this will not be done. On the otner hand if it has to be collected, the cost will be ex- cessive.

A small sales tax, possibly sim- ilar to Nova Scotia of 3 percent, I think is the logical way. This would incur no extra cost except an inconvenience for our mer- chants. I might ask the Govern- ment what about the 10 percent or 15 percent of our people which it is acknowledged won't be eli- gible for the plan due to non- contribution and not all through carelessness.

This small tax is, I think, very fair and no one would miss the few cents on our purchases. For the large family groups taere could be some exemption on children's clothes.

Another subject very worthy of mention at this time is the Why and Wherefore of the Lab- our unions.

Very recently I had the priv- flege of visiting a fine old man in New Glasgow, N.S. by the tame of Robert Marshall, who is 81 years old and is also my fath- er-in-law.

In our conversation he told me that in 1897 he worked for 10 cents an hour for a certain steel company at tae hottest job on earth, putting steel angels in the blast furnaces; all done by hand. Their wearing apparel was wool shirt, pants and socks; these “wouldn't burn”, and it was a common practise to wring the sweat from their socks. On this wage they managed to raise a family and some of those men are still living in spite of their long day and Jow pay.

Knowing those facts, is it any wonder why the Labour Uitions spring up the world over. The truth is they have accomplished wonders for their workinz class. But on the other hand, in some cases, they have become “drunk with power,” thus needing an In- dependent Labour Relations Board with power enough to say yes or no to their present de- mands. - x

I would say the reason our Fed- eral officials refused to intervene in the Newfoundland strike was that the original union was not asking for anything but what was reasonable and just: an 8- hour day, better food and better sleeping accommodations with \a very small increase in pay.

The day will come when Cen- tral or Federal officials shall have

yince. This system of Govern- ment is similar to what our world for in the form of the United Nations now in New York. Yours for Peace and Justice

HARRY PRIDHAM PEL

For Peace Nicholsor

has lifted a finger to follow’ up that idea in the ten years since Canada proposed it, we should applaud the hitherto America- first Americans if they now pro- mote this humanity-first proposal from Canada.

A group of republicans and Deomocrats has introduced a re- solution into the American Sen-

ernment to summon a Cold War council. This conference would in- clude representatives from the parliaments of the nations form- ing the North Atlantic Commun- ity and other free nations; :t would explore means of streng- thening our faltering economits and inadequate defences, to en- sure world peace and individual freedom.

Ten years ago this week, Can- ada and eleven other sovereign nations signed the North Atlantic Treaty. The first-mentioned ob- jective in that treaty is to eli- minate mutual conflict and to foster collaboration among the allies in trade and economic mat- ters. The second-mentioned ob- jective is mutual military. aid. Thus this unique international al- liance provides for mutual he!p in the cold economic war as well as military help in any hot shoot- ing war.

THE CANADIAN IDEA

This unprecedented peacetime partnership was suggested by Canada. The clause in the treaty providing for an end to inter- allied economic warfare is the famous ‘Article Two". now gen- erally known as the “Canadian Clause’; its like has never been seen in any treaty before.

One of tae parents of that bril- liant and far-sighted idea was our then Foreign Minister, Hon. L. B. Pearson. He predicted soon after its birth that this Cana- dian Clause might, he expected io lead to the creation of an econ-. omic and even a political com- thonwealth of the western world.

Some of you may think this too visionary, he declared in a speech. But in this jet-propelled atomic age, he warned his audience, no- thing less than that ee of economic and political collabora- tion would do.

Britain's bulldog Prime Min- ister, Sir Winston Churcaill, ex-

pressed the rosy possibilities and disastrous alternatives of the Canadian Clause more vividly but no less surely: “If we are to gether, nothing is impossible; and if we are divided, all will fail”’. Five years later, the govern-

ments of the NATO allies had | ;

gone all out for military mutual aid and had created a costly

“western shield”, whose strength still

inadequate. We had to the deterrent of the lead i 7

ate and House, urging their gov- | Ca

At that time.in 1954, a g group of uneasy citizens in ys of the NATO nations urged ¢ governments to act upon the ig- mored Canadian Clause. In “The Declaration of Atlantic Unity”, those private citizens urged a comprehensive mutual program for lowering tariffs, freeing cir- rencies, and eliminating trade re- strictions, so that we might create an adequate economic basis for the Atlantic community and as- sociated nations. Such action, it was urged, would give us better defence at lower cost. and also raise the standards of living in all the allied nations.

I had the honour to be invited to onganize a deputation to pre- sent that Declaration to repre- sentatives of the NATO govern- ments assembled in Paris. A- mong tae Canadians who signed it were John Diefembaker. the late Sidney Smith. Gordon Chur- chill, C.H. Millard, George Burt and Percy Bengough. Ex-presi- dent Harry Truman and General George (‘‘Marshall Plan’) Mar- shall signed it.

Nothing happened.

But now, after another five years of economie inaction, six of our NATO allies in Europe have stolen the Canadian plan to form the European Common market; other of our European allies want to join that new ec- onomic project; American Con- gressmen urge the need for an international conference whose ob- jectives would be those proposed in the Canadian Clause. In fact, all our NATO allies aave pos-

itively or possibly been sold our j

idea, while we continue to ignore it. Wheré do we go from here?

ON PARLIAMENT HILL

The great accumulation of snow on Parliament Hill is at last be- ginning to melt. Here and there one sees glimpSes of turf.“Sooa the long winter will be at an end and the city of Ottawa will be the great centre of attraction for those who d-'ight in its gay dis- play of tulips. It has been a long winter and Parliament has been sitting for what seems to be a long time. But the present ses- sion is far from over, and, in- deed, the Budget has not yet been brought down nor will it be until after Easter recess, whioa runs from March 25 to Ap- ril 6.

There have been interesting de- velopments in recent weeks and days. The labour troubles of New- foundiand are commanding great interest here in Ottawa. There are questions directed to the Gov- ernm: at practically every sit- ting of the House and there have been attempts to hold general de- bates on the whole subject.

MR. FULTON’S ATTITUDE

The Hon. E.D. Fulton announ- ced the other day that the Com- missioner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police had resigned his post on account of a divergence

tional police reinforcements and the action of the Minister and Government thereon. There are

many who believe that * was not

Distressing Developments

By Heath Macquarrie, M.P.'

up to the Commissioner to make a decision on the matter; that the policy was one for which the Government took responsibility. This, of course, is the traditional view that policy responsibility belongs to the member of the Government who is responsible to Parliament. His officials carry out these policies. It is the head of the department who takes re- sponsibility for them.

The actions of the Premier of Newfoundland are not easily just- ified. by those who entertain a high régard for constitutional pro- prieties and the rights of citizens to form associations of’ thejr choice. There are others, of course, Wao point to violence on the part of: the TWA and the death of Constable Moss came as a great shock to people in New- foundiand and, indeed, in other ing feature about the thing is the parts of Canada.) Another. disquiet- tendency‘ in certain quarters to level accusations at the Royal Canadian Mounted Police with re- ference to their activities: in con- nection with the strike. — UNDERLYING PROBLEMS

It would seem that there are

some deep problems

underlying which will not be solved easily or |

quickly. Certainly there is great merit in the Prime Minister's sug. gestion that all sides should ob- serve a “cooling off” period which would allow an opportae-

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disease resulting in scalding pat- ches on the «skin) and light-sen- sitive eruptions. .

It is a combination of three an- timalarial compounds, Atabrine, Aralen and Piaquenil.

Researchers report that the small amounts of the three drugs contained in one Triqun tablet minimize the possibility of side effects. ;

Moreover, the results are said to be better than those achieved with any of the other drugs in- dividually.

One of the most exquisite forms of pain known to man occurs in ureteral colic. This is a condition caused by the passing of small stones or gravel from the kid-

neys. The new drug Atratan, a form

Researchers feel that this drug may permit treatment of more persons with ureteral colic on an out-patient basis instead. of hav- ing to } itali hake :

Madribon is a new antibacterial which was selected by one phar- maceutical firm after some 20,000 antibacterial The firm reports it was %& cent effective in tests on

cy

pletely removed or its secreting lining totally destroyed before it will disappear.

ity to take a second look at what has been allowed to happen in this strife-torn area of Newfound- land's economy.

Kt is certainly hard to believe that the extreme statements made by Premier Smallwood on radio and television will do much to calm the troubled waters or al- low reason to displace disturbed emotions. Industrial strife is al- ways harmful to all sides, ‘aad it is to be fervently hoped that Newfoundland’s present, trouble will soon be settled.

MARCH ON OTTAWA

A short while ago Ottawa was visited by many hundreds of far- mers from Western Canada who came with their request for de- ficiency payments. Many Eas- tern Members were brought into meetings with the farm groups and were thus given a chance to hear their point of view. One thing whjch can be said is that the marchers conducted them - selves in Ottawa in a most ex- emovlary manner. There were no high pressure: tactics and at all times, so far as I could see)fhe delegation conducted itself as a group of courteous, intelligent Ca-

In the crowded ballroom of the Chateau Laurier the farmers presented their case to the Prime Minister and his Cabinet. He re- plied with a most effective ad- dress in which he recalled some of his boyhood experiences on the Prairies. He told of what his Government had done for agri- culture in the few months that it has been in office.

He, of course, did not promise that the demands of the mar- chers. would, be met. I doubt if any of t @xpected that he would. It was) yever, a most usefill exchange of views, and there seemed to be general a- greement among the farmers that the trip had been interesting and worth while.

DAIRYMEN’S ANNIVERSARY

Just the other evening I was greatly pleased to’ have the op- portunity of attending the Dia- mond Anniversary banquet of tie Prince Edward Island Dairymen’s Association. At a most interesting evening program the Minister of Agriculture, the Hon. Douglas Harkness, spoke to a large aud- ience. He discussed in general terms the agricultural program which the Government seeks to carry out. He paid tribute to the leaders of the dairy industry but pointed out some of the

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of waters And now this evening quictly _ dreams \ ! Of destinies and destinations Beyond the farthest of morning’s beams.

a» in the New York Herald Tribune

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