—. eee. es
=
~ Aros
Ma. SHERMAN’S LETTER. ; ‘acland fs to Blame Ver Com- | ye Says * yo hanes ; vs tb | mercial Extermination of the fur Seal. | The following 1 the full text of th |
: . } ‘ eo sieri nitea State
vy of State, to Ambassador Hay
divs anil \ at L mdon, Bu ¢ ' ~reated :
} 9 | ; : | rwhich specu a
a
His Exoellency Joba Hay, etc., Loudon; !
\mba-sador has handed me
The British
acony of adespaich to him from LIfer
@ Gv") . . : . ea 5
Majesty Ss principal Secretary of otile (or
a ey . , : ‘
Fore go aflurs, Whoic oa le Spat h consti-
mpres the repiy oO! the british Wwovernment
ous . a 1
to the proposal of the rreside nt, as pre- } “
ie atl ' sented in & not or " ul ndi for the
‘ mbassy, for a |
A OT all!
modus viv’ Sus pension illiz g of seais tor the present season, and | for a joint conterence of the Powers con , : a view to ti necessary
gerped, Witt measures being adupted for the preserva- | r seal in the North Pacific. Ic|
von of the ful
wiibeseen tha: both proposais are re-
weeted . oe ; : [nced hardly s*y that the President is weatly dissapinted at this action, expe = heneae . “eee cially when wis base d upon such un
sabstant aly and inadequate reasons, The
President's concerr, In view of the de- pleted coprdition of the seal herd, was gecasioned not alone from an examination of Wr. Jordan’s report of 1896, and what he had rea-on [0 con- g'usiovs Of Professor it | was basec upo" & series gnd statistics COveriug a taneh longer pert- bv
the | boi pson, but
Suppose were
of Guservations these geutlemen, establishing a state of beyont re- fatation, and which is In part sec forth in my note to the British Ambassadors of the
ed thao that treated
facts
«sme date as my cablegram to you. It is therefore, quite surprising that Her Maj-sty’s Secretary should base his re-
wetions of the proposals of this Govern- ment, 80 impressively presented, upon the report of one scientist, whose facts and conclusions are incorrectly apprehended, and the delayed repori of another, which is for the first time made public concurrent- ly with the receipt Ofshis lordship’s norte. It would have been gratifying to me and asefal to my Government, in studying the important subject under consideration, if Prof. Thompsen’s report could have been wade public with the promptness w hich | marked the appearance of that of Dr. | '
Jordan. In that case there would have been ample time for both Governments to have examined the reports of these two eminent scientists before the opening of another sealing season. But it seems to) have better suited the purposes of Her Majes'y’s Goverumeat to withold Pror | Thompson’s repo:t until an opportunity was *ilurded to examime that of vr. sodan,and thus enable the former to pass | the jatter in review, criticise its statemenis and as far as possible minimize is cou- | clusions,
Itis not pleasant to have to state that | the impartial character which it has been | the cusiom to attribute to the reports of | nauralists of high standing has been greatly impaired by the apparent sulbjec- | ton of this report to the political exiger- | ciesof the situation. It is farther to be | regretted that the report was so long | delayed that po opportunity wes afforded | this Government 10 examine it before the
definite and final rejection of the Pre- sideni’s proposals, based mainly upon its conclusions, was communicated to me. This conduct recalls the incident which preceded the arbitration at Paris, and which came near rendering that arbitra- ten abortive, when a similar report of a Briiish commission was withheid until after the case of each Goverument was exchanged and the report of the American wmmission made public.
Lord Salisbury asserts that Dr. Jor- dsn’s report does not contain any facts Warranting the statement that there is “a depleted condition ana prospective early ‘extinction of the berd.” The note of your Embassy of the 10th ultimo does not sttribute such a statement to Dr. Jordan, but its difficult to understand how any one vau read his report without reachiag the conclusion that such is the rea! condition éfthe herd. On page 18 be says: “From this time (1886) on the decline has been wore rapid and has been continuous.”
Un page 21 he clearly recogn:zes di- minution as evidenced by photographs, as alo by decrease of harems. On page 66 he uses this expression: “ As the herd is tleadilv diminishing, the spring, or north- West, catch is becoming relatively upim- portant.” Other citations might be made,
tit would seem nnunegessary in view of hisdeclarations often repeated in bis Teport, respecting pelagic sealing, from which [ give only one extract (pege 29): “Pelagic sealing, in the judgment of the wembers of the present commission, has been the sole cause of the continued decline of the fur seal nerds. It is at Present the sole obstacle to their restora- Mov, and the cole limit to their indefinite lucrease. It is therefore evident that no “tllement of the far seal question, as fegards either the American or Russian
‘lands, can be permanent unless it sha! Movide for the ceseation of the indis- ‘Tihivate killing of fur seals, both on the Sealing grounds and on their migra- None, There can be no * open season > for
the killing of females if the herd is to be
pl intact.”
Prof. ‘Vv hompson’s report is plainly writ- ~ with &@view tO minimize, as far as one depleted condition of the herd Mies) ribyloft islands, and requires & the lim possible within : : instruction, but ciate purpose may b2 briefly stated. a ee that he should have thie i, , bis stady fir witbin the purview ees eae. In the outvet of his Rikeion . The main object of my and wn ae ‘ “ collectios of informa‘ion ad ea with regard to the working aris tril ee of the regu:atious” of the “0uoal, Bnt weiook in vain in
eXatuination not its of the present
ils genera|
number in 1895 aid INOS,
j i cedes a diminucon as compared W ith ]892.
} coming final report of Aimself and | ciates, from which the following extract is
| to make an approximate estimate.
| and certain toues, | alarmiag
la rec wzuition of mutual
' animals within due and definite bounds.”
' can reconcile bis refusal to entertain
' unmistakably to cooclusious which should
THE DAILY EXAMINFR CHARLOTTETOWN, JULY 21. 1897
The result of bie Ob8ervalious sud ct ur seemed ta be that
berease and on others a decrea-e,
Ou ome there was
an but on
POOK eles
the whole a mossiblo state of tor ti e
equilibrium ast two years, although te con If all the protessors claims Is admitted, i does pot militate against the that since pelagic sealing beenme general the decline of the herd bas been steady and rapid.
fhe apparent equilibrium noted
contention
in his
review to the efforts mad- by Secretaries
ernment has discharged its police duties
} under the award is tu marked contract witn
its appeal for a strict observance of the five | years period cf the regulations. An eqnal > obligation resis upon each povernment to patrol the waters embraced in the award area, in order to see that the regulations are not violated by the sealing vessels, ‘In LTS the Government of the United Siatés
report is well explained by Dr. Joraun
dence that the modas vivendi cf ]892°83, 4 se) was furnished by the British Govern- by which the Behring Sea was closed to; tment. In 1895 five United States vessels the sealing fleet, has yroduced for 1295 ] patrol.d the award are’, and only two sod 1896 a slight check of the diminution ; Brrih veesela, one for a_ short The reason for this is that, in addition to! time only in B-bring Sea, and the savings of mothers, no pups were | the other took no part whvteyer in the starved to death ia 1892 and 1°93, and | patro!, xs its presence was almo.t esnstan’-
those
retaraed as breeders or as killable seals ia 1895 and 1896.”
Since the receipt of Lord Salsbury’ des- patch explicit enquiry has been made of | Dr. Jordan as to tne relative ¢ of the herd in 1895 and 18956, and in previous years, and he bas furuished the chapter on the “Decline of the Herd” from the forth-
which mignt have been starved have
a lition
asSo-
taken : ““Whilethe amount of the decline cannot be given with mathematical exact- ness, it is possible from the data at hand From a caretul study of all the couditions, in our Opinion the fur seal herd of the Pribylotf Islands has decreesed to about one-ifth in size in I872-1874; to somewhat Jess than onc=half its size in L890, and that between the seasous of 1895 and L896 there has been a decrease of about 10 per cent.” Although Prof Thompson bas been very careful thronghout the report to say nothing likely to embarrass his govern- ment in the “conclusions,” the voice of the true scientific investigator speaks in firm While he regards “the maiements ~*~...” ae thee herd’s immense decrease” as overdrawn, he says: “Ibere is stull abundant need for care and for pruient measures of conzer- vation in the interests of all. * * * * lt is not difficult to believe that the mar- gin of satety Is a narrow One, it it be pot already in some measures overstepped. We may hope tor & perpetuation of the present nutmber-; we cannot count On an And it iS my earnest hope that interests and a regard tor the common advantage may suggest measures of pradence which sha | keep the pursuit and slaughter of the
Increase.
In view of such explicit language it 18 not easy to undersiand how Lord Salisbury the propusals of the President with the inter- ests of Lis owao countrymen,-to say nothing of the triendly relations which he desires to maintain with the United States, Russia and Japan.
The experience had with the scientific commissions of 1892, as well as the reports of 1896 just under review, shows that it 1s difticuls through them to reach a harmony of views, but we have at hand certain statistics of undisputed authority poiosting
be contro)ling.
The operations of the pelagic fleet in Bebring Sea since the Paris regulations nave been in force are as follows:
1894--Thirty-seven vessels, 31,585 seals taken, Or an average of 853 per
vessel.
Lx95— Fifty-nine vessels, 44,169 seals taken, or on an average of 748 per vessel. 1896 -Sixty-seven vessel, 29,500 seals taken, or an average of 449 per veseel. It tous appears that nearly double the number of vessels in 1886 were vot able to take as many seals as were taken in 1894, and the catch per vessel fell off nearly one half. Lord Salisbury attributes this large falling otf in Behring Sea ‘‘to the stormy weather prevailing,” but does not cite his authority. 1am not aware of any published report to that effect. Capt. Hooper, who commanded the American cruising fleet in Behring Sea in 1595 and 1896, reports: “The weather in Sehring Sea was not materially different in the last two years. Conditions admitted of boarding operations by the fleet twenty- five days in 1894 and twenoly-four days in 1896.”
‘Tne examisation and comparisoa of the logs of sailing vessels for 1895 and L896 confirms Capt. Hooper’s report. The above figures with the statistics contained in my note of the 9th ult., to the Briti-h Ambassador, make it very clear that the acal herd i+ becoming rapidly depleted ,and that “the margin of safety,” as Professor Thompson expresses it, has been “already overstepped.” It isto be inferred that “the margin of safcty” is intended to signify the point at which pelagic sealing ceases to be profitable. He cannot have had in mind biological extermination, for that point could not have been*reached so Jong as a single bull and harem existed. The point when sealing ceased to be pro- fitable seems to have been reached during last year. A tab.e appended to als report shows that the total product of the pelagic catch of 1896 in the London market was about halt the amountof that of 1895, and Lord Salisbury informs us that this result bas “brought many owners of the sealing vessels on the verge of bankruptcy. It thus appears that the condition of things predicted by the government of the United States, as quoted below, has already come to pass—tne commercial extermiaation of the seals. If pelagic sealing contiaues to be volerated, a limited number of veasels will carry oa the indiscriminate slaughter, in the hope, by @ favorable cruise, of recouping the losses of the previous years, and the rookeries on the island will be still farther depleted. But the biological existance of tbe fur seal may still be con- tinued, and Her Majesty’s Ambassador
oe for any di-cnssion of that all- tiquiry 9 supaeet He confined his jee: of tf nd report to the subordinate sub-
‘¢ bumber of seals resorting to the
“lang ee : 8, and particularly to the relative
may repeat the declaration so often made
during the last two years that there is ‘no ' reason to fear that the eeal herd is threat- ened with early extermination.”
fF irnished twelve vessels for the patroling ‘ . . i & | when he says (page 8): “Tuere is ev'— | fleet at great expense, and only one ves-
| his
]
lv required io Uoalaska Larbor to tak: over the Boitish se-hog vessels seized in Behring Sea. Ow ng to the repeated complaints of tie Government of the United States as io the inadequacy of the British patrol was ordered inte behing Sea during the season of L896. athoush it was stated by the Brit- i-h Government that “so far ay they had ucen able to judge, tre torve employed up to the present time has been sutticieut.” As it is shown that practically no patrol service has been rendered in Behring Sea by the British cru sers during tie previous year, the inserence from this language would seem to be that Her Majestv’s Gov- ernment understood that the American crnsers only were to ;erform the patrol duty, and the British cruisers to take over and act upon the validitv of se zure of British vessels. The detaiied enforcement of the reguia- tions has further developed on the pact of the British Governm ‘nt a strange miscon- ception of the true spiritand incent of tle arbitrators, Under article Vi of the regulations, the use of firearms in Behring Sea was prohibited, and to enforce that probibition it was agreed between the two Governmeats for the year 1894 that sea.ing vessels might have their arms and ammunition placed under seal. But on May 11, 1895, although this Government had every reson to believe from the order in couvei] that the Briush Government bad given its concurrence to the agreement, the British ambassador gave notice that Government would not renew the arrangement as t) tue sealing of arms for the coming seasoa, aed defend its action op the ground that the possession of arms, etc., by a sealing vessel was not “forbidden by the award regulations.” This tardy activa of the Be:tish Govern- ment io refusing to renew the arrangement of 1894 led to wuch trouble and incon- venience in connection with the patrol of Behring Sea. The British Government made grievous complaint against the sey- ere measures of search re-orted to by the American cratsers, which gave rise to lengthy correspondence. On July 2,1896, Secretary Olney submitted a proposition to put an end tothe contrever+y by an exam- ination of vessels entering Behring Sea, to discover whether or not firearms were used, but this proposition was not accepted. A further attempt was maie by Secretary Olney to procure some agreement for the season of 1895, wheo it was urged that Amer.can vessels frequeating Bebring Sea were required to have their arms sealed, and on returning to their home ports their skins were caretully tnspected, while Her Majesty’s Governmentrefused to euforce the provision as to arms, aud declines the inspection of sxins. measures wh ch this Government regards «as “ absolu ely es- sential for preventing the unlawful de- struction of seais.” Nevertheless, an- other season has been entered uponw:th .¢ apy settiement of this vexed question, [he obligations of an international award, which are equally impored on both parties to its terms, cannot properly be assumed or laid aside by one of tne parties only at its pleasure. Such ano award which in its practical opcration is binding only on one party in its obligation, éni bi riens, and to beemployed mainly by the other party in its benefits; is an award which, in thé interest of public morality and good conscience, should not be main- tained, Having in view the expressnd object of the arbitration at Puris, and the declared purpose ot che arb‘traturs in pre- scribing the regulations when it gbecame apparent, as it did after the first year’s operatidn of them, and with increased emphasis each succeeding year that the regulations were inadequate for the pir- pose, it was the plain daty of the Briush Government to acquiesce in the. requessy of that of the United States for a confer- ence to determine what further m>asures were necessary to secure the end in view by the arbitratration. A course so persistently fullowed for the past three years has-practically accom- plished the commercial extermination of the fur seals, and broagit to naught the patient labors and well meant couclusions of the tribunal of arbitration. Upon Great Britain must therefore rest, in the public conscience of mankind, the respon— sibility for the embarrassment in the re laticns of the two nations which must re- sult from such conduct. One of the ev) results ix already indicated in the growing conviction of our people thatthe refusal of the British Government to tarry out the recommendation of that tribunal wiil needlessly sacrifice am imvortant interest of the United States. ‘This is shown by the proposition seriously made in Congress to abandon negotiations and destroy the seals on the islands as the speedy end to a dangerous controversy, although such & measure has not been enter ained by this department. We have felt assured that, as it has been demonstrated that the practice of pelagic sealing, if continued, will not only bring itselfto an end, but will work the destruction of a great ihter- est of atriendly nation, Her Majesty’s Government would desist from an act 80 suicidal! and go unneighborly, and which certainly could not command the approval of its own people.
an anaugltiOnal cruiser
Grresiam and Oloey to secure a settle | Government may yet yield to his continued
ment of the d Spute ) desire, Oo aften expressed, for a confere nee a » whi a Bu. et ‘ f : , . .
The mauner in which the Brtish Gov- | of the interested powers, and in deliveripg
the bighest recorded,
eae
hope that even at this late day the Bririxh
to Lord Salisbury acopy of this instruction him that the President will hail with great sat'sfaction any indi- ction onthe part of Her Maje ty’s Govern. meut of a disposition to agree upon such a conference, Respectful'y yours,
vou wil! Stale te
Meet me at The
JOHN SHERMAN,
LOUAL AND OTH32 TERNS
TOUTEEreerenrerneenervereerrererestsstsstestsagoneveneyeeyevrrtyrtey rttttanssesenneppes
Tue Lyceum tonight.
sac Auieieaiue Ercury-rovr in the shade noon.
this after- Yesterday afternoon eighty-five was
Tue Wearner. —- Moderate west and south winds, fair and warm with thunde:- storms at a few places.
se cen
Potice Court —This forenoon Denris Dowling was fined $2 or 10 days. tor druvkenness. John MebLaugilip, for
lareeny of crockeryware was remanded for eight days on his own recogaiz ance, avant neahine
ti1FLE MeetinGc.—A meeting of the Queen’s Co, R-fl- Association will be held on Friday evening next at § o’clock, in Mr. Stewart’s cffi:e, Morris Block. A fu'] attendance requested.—G. L. Dogherty, M>jor, President.
Imporntaxt.—On Wedne-day evening at 7.30 o’'cicck, a women’s prayer meeting will be held in Zion Church at which Mr, Spence will give an address to wives and inothers. An invitation is giveh to every woman in our city interested :n a husbano, son, brother or friend, to be present at this meeting. 167—2in. sdabeiesprtinael A Sav Occurrence —An Ottawa des- patch save: A fifteen-year-old lad, named Bonsecours, intoxicated, as the result of heavy druking at hia sister’s wedding, on Sunday night, was drowoed while bathing in the Rideau River here, this evening. The bride’s reception was taking place | to-wight, when the arrival of the body, put au end to the festivities.
Fifty Years Ago.
This is the way it was bound to look
When grandfather had his “picter took.” These were the shadows cast before
The coming of Conjurer Daguerre
And his art; like a girl ina pinafore Some day to bloom toa goddess fair.
Men certainly were not as black, we know As they pictured them, 50 years ago.
Ayer’s Sarsaparilla
began to make new men, just as the new pictures of men began to be made. Thousands of people fronted the camera with skins made clean from blotch and blemish, because they had purified the blood with Ayer'’s Sarsaparilla. It is as powerful now as then. Its record proves it, Others imitate the remedy; they can’t imitate the record:
50 Years of Cures.
JUBILEE SPTAWPS,
As is now well known, the Postal Authorities will not seli to the public the le Ge and 8c stamps of the Jub- ilee issue unless the full set up to $9 is taken, and as the public naturally r fuses to buy the higher values froms $1 to $5 which are absolutely useles for postal service many people are with out the $, 6 or 8. Any one wanting
Annet erevenenenenevveppney.epennnennenennsereneseny
mn
finished and the
“Ta Always AAASAANAAUALAALAA SANG iUA 4d
sovevegnnnnnnnnvnenengynannenennennnene pp orennnnnanenamnpennpects
060040000080
HIRT AISTS ——— THAT FIT
Shat is the kind we sell.
Always Busy Store.
Well made, well
that the different prices will stand.
id
STANLEY BROS.,
Bai3sy Stora MULGUUAUNALAAALULSAGbddGddAddbdd ddd
222228 *% @2e 288
Souvenir P. E Island
a copy of “Prince Edward Island,’ is about the best thing for the purpose of giving strangers an idea ot our beautiful Province. It con- sists of 100 pp. printed on the best paper. The engrav- ing are numerous and first class. The price is 25c a copy. They are for sale at
=e
all bookstores in Charlottetown, at Summerside, and Souris and on the
train. They may 3 be obtained at this office
securely | wrapyed, re:dy to mail to frinds abroad. Write
or eall.
THE EXAMINER OFFICE.
any of these rarest of the Jubilee issue, can have them at following prices.— 1 cent Black, $2 00 6 cent Brown, 2.00 S cent Lilac, 1.00 or one of each of the three for 34.50. As there are only a few, it would be well to apply early. Address A. B. C., P.O. Box, 692, Charlottetown P. S.—-Will sell 5 of the &c stamps for $4.00
June29
ful gentiemen or ladies to travel for
responsible established housesin P, E. Island Monthly $33.00 and expences. Position steady. Ke2farence. Enclose self- addressed stamped envelope. The Dominion Company. Dept, H, Chicagy. 468 -1 mo
WY “intecntiomen or ta AND FAITB-
SAIL BOAT.—For sale cheap for casb. Sails andrigging completa, Enquire at onoe of Judge Fitzgerald, Canoe Cove. lis—
The President, therefore, cherishes the
(Here follows a long and exhaustive
= @ @® @® ® © @ 22288 BF Ss SBSsVesVsseswVvevsesesww_esesesestooe
veseeQUEEN STREET...... a 2222s ~e eo 2 eS
Str Fastnet
SEASON OF 1897.
> @& ® & > @ @ @ @ @ @e DS @ Se OB 2 OB OeGS ]3BB8B7TB38 TT BTBSBADWFBZBZOBO BF
Sails from Ch’town every Friday at noon for Halifax, calling at Summerside, Port Hood, Port Hasting, Port Hawks- bury, Arichat, Canso, [sasc Harbor, Sal- mon River, Sheet Harbor. Returning leaves Halifax every Tuesday evening at 6 o’clock, making same calls, including Souris.
Through Freight Solicited.
Rates low te Halifax.
Apply to W. W. CLARKE, Agent.
‘A By-Law Respecting Milk Vendors,
Be it enacted by the City Council of thé | City of Charlottetown as follows; ~ 1. Every person publicly selling Milk in this City in or from any vehicle shall ob. tain from the Mayor thereof a License as a Milk Vendor and the Mayor is hereby authorized to issue such license upon re- ceiving the License free hereinafter men- tioned, ‘2. The License fee for the present year 1897 and up to the Thirtieth day of April next shall be Fifteen dollars and shall be payable on the Twentieth day of August next and thereafter the said License fee shall be fifteen dollars per annum and: shall be payable on the First day of May in each year.
3. The City Collector for the time being shall be and is hereby appointed [nspect- or of all Milk offered for sale in this City.
4. It shall and may be lawful for the said Laspector to examine and inspect al! milk so offered for sale wherever the same may be offered.
5. It shall by the duty of every person keeping or offering Milk for sale whether ou the streets or in shope or private dwell- ings 10 furnish to and permit the said In- spector to take samples thereof for examin- ation Os analysis, and any person hindering the said Inspector in the discharge of his duty, or refusirg to permit him to examine and inspect or to take samples of such Milk, shail be deemed guilty of an offence against and incur the penalties of this By-Law.
6. It shall be the duty ofthe said In- spector whenever he has reason to believe any milk to be adulterated with water or any other substance to procure @ sample thereof to be analysed and to prosecute al) persons who may be found selling offering or keeping for sale any adulterated Milk.
7. No person shall expose for sale or sell anywhere in this City milk adulterat- ed with water or with any deleterious sub- stance,
8. No person shall expose for sale or publicly sell Milk in this City in or from any vehicle without having first ob- tained a Licence therefor in manner above mentioned,
_ 9. Any person or persons guilty of any infraction of avy of the provi- sions of this By-Law shall upon conviction in the City Court of the
Stipenditary Magistrate on the oath or af- firmation of any credible witness forfeit and pay at the diseretion of the said Magic- trate a penalty not exceeding the sum of Thirty dollaas for each offence exclusive of costs and in default of payment thereof it shall and may be lawful for the said Magistrate to commit the offender or off- enders to the Common Jail of the County of Queens County for any period not ex- ceeding Thirty days unless the said pen- alty and costs be sooner paid, provided always that nothing in this By-Law shall be construed to require persons selling milk in stores or from their private dwell ings to take out the Licence above men tioved.
H. M. DAVISON,
City Clerk.
City Cierk’s Off $, July 13th,
)89T7T—2 Zks.
W.E. DAWSON, Mayor.
same?
2
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