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‘f "economic and industrial development of the

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PAGE roux .___ THE GUARDIAN

loaning Dolly (Founded In Ill!) Anthorlnd no Second Clan lull, Poet Offloe Department, Ottawa.

The Inland Gnnrdlnn Publishing Co. Gdllor and Managing Dlroetur. J. ti. Burletti

Annotate Editor, Frank Wllkel

1 f‘The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink.“

DHARLOTTETOWN. FRIDAY, SEPT. 17, 194B

Mr. llletenliaker Commended ~

There appears to be very general agreement with Mr. John Diefenbaker, M.P. for Lake Cen- tre, Saskatchewan, who, says that Canada's freight rates structure must be rebuilt to re- move industrial discrimination against various provinces. Speaking at a serviceclub luncheon in Holifox this week, Mr. Diefenboker deplored the centralization of industry that has been go- ing on since Confederation and declared de- centralization of development wos necessary to stem current migration of workers from certain ”have-not" provinces.

"When the member of Parliament from Lake Centre speaks of migration of workers", says the MOIICIOH Tfflnfcript, (Liberal), "he is on a sub- ject with which the Maritime Provinces is fam- iliar. These provinces have had some very un- happy experiences as the result of the migra- tion of large numbers of their population. They have been costly from the point of view of ex- pending population which would shore the tux burden and contribute to the general prosper-

_ ity of the provinces; and they have been brought about by desperation rather than a desire to leave their native soil. But the lesson to be learned is thgt if the Maritime Provinces are to retain their young people, opportunities for gain- ful and steady employment must be provided.

"An indication of the extent of centraliza- tion of manufacturing plants was given in the sharp increase in the price of ma-ny manufactur- ed and processed goods after last spring’: boost in freight rates. Prices of many types of goods went up immediately because most of them were manufactured in the Central Provinces and ship- ped here by rail.

"However, it is indeed encouraging to know that men prominent in Canadian affairs are tok- ing o keener interest in the problems of the Mari- time Provinces, and are studying ways and means of correcting them, Mr. Diefrenbaiker is not the only parliamentarian who hos shown a growing interest in freight rates and other problems peculiar to the Mariti-mes, in recent months. Now that his voice, and a strong one we might say, hlos been added to the growing chorus, per- harps it is not too much to hope that through their joint efforts and the determination of the Maritime Provinces to help themselves, this country will be brought nearer the general pros- perity that can come only when there is pros- perity in all the provinces."

_________________

A fine Publication

While Prince Edward Island is coming into its own as a de-lectoble summer resort, little has been dcne to popularize our winter climate. Many of us are inclined to disparage it, and fcw realize that it compares more than favor- ably with thot‘of other Provinces. All the .niore credit, therefore, to the compliers of Canada Today, a booklet recently published by the Bork of Mcntrcol, which makes this point clearly. lt says: "Winter in Prince Edward Island, parts of Nova Scotia, aroun:l the Pacific coastal cities of Vancouveriand Victoria, and in southern Ontario is milder than the rest of the country. The heaviest snowfall occurs in VQu:bec, Ontario, northern New Brunswick and in the irountcincus sections of British Colum- bio and Alberta."

r Much other interesting information about Prince Edivsord lslardcnd all the Provinces i: CClllTllfiCll Il'l this attractive pocket-sized bro- CJIIIG of 1C0 pages. lt tells, with copious il- lustrations and not tco many figures, the whole steryrf Ccrcdc, hcr resources and people.

lntcrdcd piintarily for distribution to visit- ors and prospective emigrants to Canada, the bccklct should also serve a real purpose at home in selling Ccnodo to Canadians, lt re.- nrincs us, for irslcnce, that we are living on a standard to all intents and purposes the same q; that cf llie United States, that as o country we have wade nojcr contributions to industrial, scientific cud cultural cdvoncement, that we have olrrcst unlimited resources ogriculturolly, and on irdustriol output that has tre-bled in valve since I939. Emphasis is placed on the foct that while expanding greatly in other dir- ecticns, agriculture is still Canada's niect in. portant primary industry. Farmers received two billion dollars from the sale of their products lost year. The occupied forms of Canada cover an area of 27l,0C0 square miles-well over twice the area of the British Isles. Yet so vast is Canada's oreo that this is only half the pg. tentiol forming lcnd, which itself amounts to

pnly I6 par cent of the land area of the Domin- ion.

Limited numbers of the booklet are being made avail-able to school libraries and to teach- ers where class-work includes the study of the

country. It should prove an invaluable aid in this connection.

The llltornatlvo Vote

The Winnipeg Tribune thinks the Progres- sive Conservative Convention at Ottawa this month should‘ insist on the adoption of the alternative vote in Federal plections, and make this electoral change one of the planks of the party's new platform.

The Tribune points out that more than hall the members of the’ present House of Commons are "minority" members — that is, they were elected not by o majority of the votes cost in

died this date I771.

sorvotion. To vent her prowess

And, to

needs no comment:

ily of ‘workers.’ sian people about this." Q Q

cession.

resented by Socialist members.

paper points out.

candidates were running. In clear-cut majority of votes.

EDITORIAL

carry us over a period of scarcity. A’ i ‘it i

Canadian Engineers threw a

Brussels and the coast.

i i it k The danger of war lic men emphasize. forces.

w a n a.

Britain does

e w v- w

to meet with popular approval. seems particularly inane.

w w a

mode similar advances.

a great dzol more. 1K 4r i i

South pole it will come up for a

for a night of the some length.

w a a

Arnhcim Day.

port being set alight. regulations in Britain were relaxed. I "l1 A ‘l’

Tobias George Smollctt,

in a storm valiant, actions

w. x v. 1r

the

Q Q

“their respective constituencies but by men aluralities. The three donut/Federal by-elec-

.3

tians added emphasis to the contention that the present "X" method of marking ballots is inadequate and even dangerous.‘ In each case a C. C. F. member was elected to Parliament even though in each case a majority of voters voted for non-Socialist candidates. is that the non-Socialist majorities are now rep-

NOTES

out is very real today as the almost daily warnings by pub- One way to reduce that danger is to help build up Canada's

breaking

not seem as determined to do without assistance in the Berlin air-lift as Prime Minister King would have us believe. An Australian report announzes that 40 RAAF air- Whose doctrine is that crew men will be sent to lend a hand at the request of the British Government.

None of the new restrictions on charitable donations as Income Tax exemptions are likely

That margarine would not prove a boon to the consumer is indicated by the report of the Notional Council of the Baking Industry that since August Isl shortening hos advanced by ll 1-4 er 14 1-8 cents a pound and lord has lf fats were diverted to margarine production we might save on butter but the brccd to put it en would certainly cost

The equinox falls this year on September 23 at 3.22 A.M., Greenwich mean time. There- fore the diate will be September 22 in North

America. For a few days the sun will rise every- where, except ct the poles of the earth, at 6 A.M. by sundial time and set at 6 PM. At the

months’ duration and at the North pole go down

On this' date I944, after massive bombing attack by 1,250 aircraft strong forces of Airborne Army landed by gliders an:l parcchutas in three areas of Holland, Nijmegen, Eindiioven and Arnhcim, in the Rhine delta. Can- adians began final asscult on Boulogne penetrated the Gum-en's outer defence. Bomb- er Command showered 420,000 incendaries on Bremerhoven in so many minutes, After this the blackout

the whole

British novelist, Educated for the mezlical profession, he failczl as a doctor, anv‘ took with success to novel writing. are Peregrine Pickle, Roderick Random, and his masterpiece Humphrey Clinker, all of which are picturesque romances, full of humour and ob- Amcrig his other works is The Ad- ventures of on Atom, a political lampocn. was a caustic but not on ungencroiis satirist, with a greot narrative faculty: "True courage scorns, of words; speak

His bcst known works

The Racine (Wisllournol-Times publishes a story oibout the workings of capitalism which "Mary, a woman of Slovak parentage, has been employed for twenty-five years as help by day in the homes of several families. To one of her employers, at least, Mory has become a trusted friend, whose helo has smoothed many rough places in her life. Mary, her husband, and her two sons, by thrift and frugal living have managed to purchase a beautiful apartment house which represents their future securiTy. The employers, no longer need- ing their large house, have sold it and have rent- ed an apartment in Mary's building. Thus the 'capitolist' couple are paying rent to the fam- Someone should tell the Rus-

According to an article in Collie/s a new drug Darvisul has been discovered that may open the way to more successful deadly host of sickness, colds, rabies, etc. dation for Infantile Paralysis has several Darvi- sul investigations uilder way. Research men look upon Dorvisul as the first of o series of dra- matic drugs which will come along in rapid suc- ln the end, it is likely that Dorvisul will occupy a position much the same as original sulfanilomide. Today sulfanilamide is notwsed much. It has been superseded by a series of superior, related compounds. was sirlfanilamirle which opened the way for conquest of the major bacterial diseases. Darvi- guel‘ may play the some brilliant role in the virus i d

treatment of e infection-influenza, The Notional Foun-

The result

By adopting the alternative vote in single- member Federal constituencies, such "minority" members would be impossible, the Winnipeg By the simple procedure of marking ballots with figures instead of an "X", the voter would be given an opportunity to show his order of preference no matter how many this way one candidate would be certain to emerge with a

Ottawa has done the obvious and sensible thing in the face of this country's anticipated butter shortage, decided to import enough

Belgium's new Canadian Bridge across the canal at Burges fittingly marks the spot where pontoon across under fire to re-open the route between

bridge

arms.‘

One, however, Of mnriern moznls, and the beaten The requirement that gifts to a community must be for something which the community would not normally pro- vide out of its own revenues will at once throw that additional burden on the rotepoyer.

of six

on:l

He

alone."

sleeping

the

But It

to

THE GUARDIAN. OWN

: AIINE or GREEN GABLES

l-M. nwnuvww r21».

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The ‘Anne’ books and other).

A NALLOWED SPOT FOR CHILDREN'S COIILOREN.

flnwlifiwifl-n ca». n». _~.~.-.. . , m

LUCY MAUD MONTGOMERY

1874-1944.

hue?

FROM:

EPLPSXCHIDION

I never was attached to that grew. sect,

each one should select;

Out of the crowd n mistress or a friend.

And all the rest. though fair and wise, commend

To cold oblivion. though 1t 1s 1n tho vfldl?

read

\Vhici‘.1 those poor slaves with weary footsteps tread.

Who Laval to thelr home among the dead

Dy 1hr‘ broad highway of the world. nud so

With one chained friend. perhaps n jealous foe.

The dreuriest and the longest jour- nr~_v g0.

~Pr by Bysshe Shelley.

saimscxmszrkx<vaaaascwkwm= Old Charlntletnwn (And P. E- 1.1

LENNOX ISLAND

!\Il(.‘.\l¢\(‘S k Persons who have visited Indian rcscrvcs and coiiversed with the bravcs thereon Wlll uudorstanu 11ml. amid the" numerous traditions ‘ dawn from father to sci". = ‘cult to disentangle 231C lruc from the false. and to sep- riizitc tradltlon from history. '1 he more intelligent of the Micmacs siiy that Leuncx Island has 0¢u“l arc sioncilly used by the tribe as 14 mac‘. .1: ground since time i.n rrxioilnl. but that. their favorite spot for summer sojourn was OIICc 011 the b1nks of a stream flow/Ing- 1333 Rlrghmond Bay, where b11911 terms \v e so thickly cluster-e}. u" to cau_. the French settlers in nriuie the place Indian RIVLI: From Indian River they removE-i to Curtain Island, o. small ‘$151M 1n Richmond Bay. lvlns armour-r to the coast of Malpee, here tlzey b11111, a "prayer camp" (Alamo;- wngvvani) and opened a burial around. They had also a wlgviom reserved for the priest. when he should come to vlslt them. Curtain Island was then 1-110 property of one Colonel Robert Sioivart, who viewed with dis approbation this apparent Inten- lion of the Indians to make onci." IITTIIIQIICIII. home upon his rand- nnd ultimately drove them fro.n the island.

They than wondered about, and l.11IIll_V pitched their tents an bcn IIUX Island, although there _is no mcount of their taking up a pa:- nirment abode there for some years, with one exception. Tms was Captain Ftrnncls Francis. who. with energy and pruderwé. ‘i9- mrirkable 1n one of the leisure loving Indians, bullt a comfort-ebb home and established hlmscll therein, on the western end of 1.110 island. So nest. and well furnlsned was his home, that 1t. became e regular resort. for travellers. wlzr. would cross over to the Island In canoes and put up at the house of the good old ohlef, where they were sure of find-lag a snug fee- ther bed and a. cleanly served, If frugal, meal.

To Captain F's-uncle succeeded his son Peter. who kept. up use farm, which then coveted elglity acres o1’ land. A few other femIL- lee soon came to live permmenLIy on the island; these s11 settler. along the coast, no there were no roads 1n the Interior.

Lennox Island was orlgtnnlly granted to Blr James Montgomery, Baronet. of Scotland; 1t. Wll pur- chased from him by the late Roe ert. Bruce Stewart. Ilsa, for she sum of one-hundred guinea-l.

The mission of 81.. Anne wee founded there tn 1801 for .110 benefit. of those Indlena of the

lvllcmoc tribe who consider d Prince Mwnrd Island thelr heme. In 1863 Mr. ‘ltieogrhllus Stewart. barrlster-at-lsw, of Charlottetown, who held the offloe of Inalon Agent. 1n the Province, belng In Ireland on private business. went. over to London and opened n oom- munlcollon with the Aborlglue.» Protection Boclely, whfdi ruuled 1n the purchase of Iennox Illlul by that Boclety, the land to he held as on Indian reserve. Th1: ivas efifected- 1n 1005. the price prd by the Boclety to Mr. Stewart. be- lng four hundred pounds slerlliig, one hundred giilneas of which was

subscribed by n Mr. Fowler, M!“

‘ one of the Society of Friends. as

indeed were all the members o1 the truly benevolent A. P. S.

After the purchase of the l§la-1\i and 11s conveyance to the Indians. it was surveyed throughout by tlzt late Mr. Alexander Anderson, o.’ Bedeque, and was found to cori- lain 1320 acres. Independently of the general survey. the different locations for the Indians were laid off at the some time. The 1..- land was found to possess a grcui. variety of soil-rich land ready w yield fine crops, a large deposit of brick clay, gravel beds. ' mar-sire. on whlch grew much shit hay and o valuable area of fine peai A great variety of fruits may b- gathered: strawberries, raspberries, black and red. blueberries. hackle berries. goosebei-ries, bush cran- berries and choke cherries abound. while out on the sand hills ad- jacent. are found quantifies of cranberries and foxberries, one‘. fir. some parts the bake apple, pe- culiar to high latitudes. The wood on the island Is chiefly spruce. but. f-here are some few groves of bu-rh.

Caving to the scarcity of horn. canoes are not used so much us o.’ yore-undead there are only ‘.\v' cr three on the island, and not 1.1% remains of the onclent. plrogues ur dug-out. logs, The braves own three fine sail boats and several oyster boats and d-orics.

‘The Micmacs of Prince Eduard Island are gradually giving upl their nomadic habits; only pool

families left the reserve lasi you" and there are now thirty-lava houses on the 1s.and. Those wliu have remained steadily upon Linn" arms are naturally much bctuc: alf today than those who have wandered hither and thither 1r search of pastures new.

Lexmox Island 1.. the lnrgss‘. Indian reserve In 1v P1‘0\‘ll'1L.:.‘, tiiose at Morel] and Mount Stevi- arl containing only 204 and ltn) acres respectively. TIICSI: reserves were purchased by the Aborigmcs Protection Society 1n 1570.

--Fmm an unpublished mano- scrlpt. written in the 1880s by 11.2 late Father Burke (Rev. Dr. is‘.- fred E. Burke). Courtesy o1 .\I.". Justice Arsenault.

Discontent In Russia's European Empire

(By W. N, Ever)

The case at Wladyslaw Goimulkn, Polish Communist leader, Is sign- ificant not so much 1n Itself as In Its bearing on the situation which 1s developing all through Eastern Europe.

"Purges" and the disgrace of Individuals have been a common- place of all Communist. politics ever since the opening of the Stalin epoch ln Russia. Opposition, whether outside or lnslde "the Party." has beccme a crime and "deviation" a punishable heresy.

But the Importance of Clomulka’s case lles 1n the nature of his chief “devlnt1on." Like Marshal Tito. and partly because of his attitude 1n the Tito affair, 1t 1s charged agotnst 111m that "he dld not. oippreclnte the decisive role of the Communist Party of the Soviet Unlon 1n the fight against Imperlislfam and fell under nationalistic and bourgeois Influ- encee."

Ganulka 1s a. fanatical and doctrtnetr Pornrnunlst. nut tie hll

rebelled agelnst "the decisive role" of Moscow in Polish affairs. Just as Tito rebelled against Moscow's claim to a "decisive role" 1n Yugoslav affairs.

Thai. a. "dyed in the wool” Ccmmunlst should so revolt 1s a graphic lndicatlcn of the extent. of Soviet control over the Polish Government. and over Polisih policy. 'I'hat action should be taken against an outstanding figure 1n the Polish Communist Party 1s equally an indication o-f Stalin's intentions to maintain that. con- trol _ and 0.1 the complete sub- seivlence 01' President Blerut and 111s associates.

The incident 1s one more sign of resentment. against the Soviet dictatorship which is becoming evident throughout the statellite Slates, even among -devu1. Com- munists and among "fcllmr travell- ers" whose "loyalty" has been un- questioned 1n the past.

There are warnings of coming "purges" 1n Czechoslovakia and Hungary. involving leading persim- aluies who are sflSDec-Ied of hr-

lni: 10o "nationalist." _ which means incompletely subservient. to Moscow ~ 1n their outlook.

In Czechoslovakia M. Clementls ls reported out of favour, It may

well be: for the Russians have never quite forgiven him for having protested against. the Soviet-Nazi alliance of I939 to

194.1. In Hungary there are r1’- pc-rts that. M. Rakosi ls‘under suspociion of being too Hungarian.

so 100 in Roumanin and Bul- garia. The Roumanian Premier. M, Groza, (who 1s not a Com- munist. but the leader nf the "Plouglimarfs Front") has faded to lnsignfloauce and may disap- pear at any moment. In Bulgaria the veteran Communist. M. Kolarov 1s reported to be suspected of heresy.

Some of these reports may prove inaccurate: one cannot get certainty from behind Ihe "iron r-urtnln." But. 1t. may be noted that. the first reports that M. Gomulko was 1n trouble came months ago ~ and wcre scathlngly denied. He has recanted, confessed and been teynporgrjly absolved. There are many precedents. Induccments to repentance can be very hard Lo resist. The character of the penitence 1s more Important than the fact. M. Gomulka confesses that. "at the bottom of all hi! errors" lay "a. failure to under- stand the leadlng role of the Soviet. communist. Party.” The supremacy of Moscow, the status o; the Soviet Union as a porn- mount power, are now binding articles of the Crmmunlst. faith.

But. these personal revolts of members of the gllte of the Cam- munlst Parties are symptomatic of something much wider. If men of this type revolt against. Russian dominance, whet. of the less de- vout. Communist, what. of non- Communtsts? There 1s n sttrrlng of discontent, q! resentment: throughout the soviet "European Empire,"