pin bylts, oI(n;,efforts,. the net Ottawa score '; dropsftosrbund 90,000. But even that

W

racarotiiz ,. . H THE GUARDIAN

Authorised In Second Clllg Mill Post Ofllcl

Department, Ottawa The Island Guardian Pubisalilag co. OIBCULATION , Total City Zone ...... 8.4!- lsssiiil Trading Zone 8.0110

All other ..............-.. 188 ...........- I-2.81)

tom Nos Paid '-...................... Editor and Managing Director. J. I Burnett Associate Editor, Fl-anli Walker f'Ths Strongest Memory is Wsakoi Than the Weakest Ink."

CEARLOTTETOWN FRIDAY, SEPT. 15, 1950 Battle of Britain Sunday

Just ten years ago the Battle of Britain reached its peak with great formations of German bombers, escorted by swarms of fighters, inflicting untold suffering on Lon- don. The Luftwaffe failed in its effort to knock out the capital, as it had earlier fail- ed to achieve control over the channel and was subsequently to fail to wear down the fighter defences by sweeps by squadrons of high-flying Messerschmitt fighters and fighter-bombers.

Goering had broken his air weapon on the hard shell of Fighter Co:nmand's mere fifty squadrons of Hurricanes and Spitfires. The success of David against Goliath in the air was shared by many be- sides the "few" who flew the fighter planes.

The ground crews who kept them op- erating, the Radar and Observer Corps who tracked the approaching enemy, other defence commands and the indomitable Englishman. at home, at work and also en- gaged in civil defence, all contributed to the final defeat of the Nazi air arm.

Canada had her share in the battle, for three out of every hundred aircrew. hailed from this country, most of them members of the R. A. F. but also includ- ing No. 1 '(Fighter) Squadron of the R. C. A. F. (later designated No. 401) which arrived in Britain on the eve of the Battle.

Once more Canada is b'.Ii1dil'l'-',' up a fighter force, this time equipped with "Canucks" and F-86 "Sabres" and in re- membering the heroism of a decade ago we also salute the airmen of today.

Lesson From Experience

Robert M. Ogden of Cornell University, writing in the Queen's Quarterly, remarks that "in order to dispel the shadows cast by the lies that now confuse and mislead us, we shall have to pursue our knowledge of things and events calmly and draw the con- clusions which the things and events them- selves indicate, rather than those which man's personal egotism seems to desire." .

The catalogue of lies which Dean Ogden so lucidly analyses includes one that is par- ticularly pertinent to these times. the Lie of Abundance which, says Dean Ogden, "dis- torts the fact of our income and disregards the constant and alarming impoverishment of our capital", has been exposed in all its stark reality by the shortages manifest in the recent rail tie-up. For not only did some communities suffer an acute food shortage, but in numerous industrial cen- tres the wheels of production ceased to turn because of lack of raw materials. In no more effective fashion could the li- lusion be dispelled that food, housing, autos, household supplies, machine tools and the sinews of defence can not simply be cal- led into being. Rather, it must now be ap- parent that their availability depends di- rectly upon the work of men, whether in the factory, in the mine, on the farm, or in the transportation both of raw materials and finished products.

l.'-aw Zealand's Example

unlike Canada, New Zealand has no dollar problem for British immigrants to hurdle. Yet, notes the Globe and Mail, even with the advantage of sterling ex- change with Britain, its Government finds itadvisable to provide assisted migration and thus secure a maximum of Anglo- Saxon stock to reinforce its small p0pl.lld- tion. It has now broadened this program to take in 10,000 British immigrants a year. Those selected, including both sin- gle men and married workers with one or two children, will have the full cost of their fares paid by the New Zeaiand Gov- ernment.

On a basis of population and natural resources, Canada at that rate could well be helping at least 100,000 British immi- grants into this country annually. But New Zeirland's target of 10,000 British peo- pie. is just 10,000 more than we are getting by such means.

In the five years since the war ended, our total British immigration has been approximately 163,000. Of those, 64,549 were wives and children of Canadian ser- vice men. Subtracting those, and the num- ber which the Ontario Government brought

lsdrying up. In the first five

Up to the end of last year, British immi- gration averaged 43 per cent of our total. This year it was down to 17 per cent.

For more than two years, to conserve -dollars, the British Government has re- stricted the amount of money which could be brought to this country by British peo- ple. There were practical ways by which the Canadian Government could have help- ed them overcome that handicap. It did

Minister Harris was still "consulting". on the blocked currency problem. While Ot- tawa was "consulting," New Zealand was acting.

EDI IORIAI. NOIES

Ceylon was added to the British Em- pire this date, 1796. I

The end of the Battle of Britain, this date 1940. To be celebrated t'-iroughoat the Commonwealth Sunday 17th.

0 O O

The North Atlantic Council meetings opening in New York today should clarify the role which member countries. includ- ing Canada, are expected to play in their common defence.

0

Motor traffic will gain at the expense of pedestrians from the widening of Queen Street North of Richmond. It is ques- tionable which is the more congested at busy periods.

Now we know on the authority of British Columbia expert agriculturists that our farms are worth at least three times as much as is asked for them. Better not put the tax gatherer wise to this. I 0 Who would have believed it possible five years ago that a British freighter could make a double trip to Churchill, Man., in one season? Yet it has been done by the S. S. Tricape. The late Mr. I-lemming would have rejoiced to learn that his prediction had been verified. I I '

0

It is pensioners and others with fixed incomes from insurance, etc., that the rise in the cost of living hits most severely. The United Church has shown a good ex- ample in the increase of 25 per cent on the pensions paid "to those of their number who have borne the heat and burden of the day in her service and subsequently have

retired.

The loss sustained by owners of tour- ist resorts and restaurants by the railway strike was common to the whole of Can- ada, according to the Canadian Tourist Association meeting in Calgary. But we felt it more here because we bank on an even flow of summer visitors to spend and leave their dollars with us until such time as the potato cash crop materializes. I O I The attempt to hasten prorogation of Parliament seemed unwise, to say the least. If Churchillis views carry any weight this country may be called upon to provide three divisions, or more than 40,000 men rather than the brigade now contemplated. Parliament should be in session to make any decisions which may prove to be nec- essary in the next few weeks, and the Prime Minister was well-advised to adjourn Parliament rather than proroguc it. 0 O O N. B. farmers have now set the price of milk at 19c per quart throughout the Province generally, and 20c in Saint John. In the Prairies the Saskatchewan Farmers' Union threaten a grain delivery strike if a higher rate is not paid forfrost damaged wheat. Altogether, east and west, farm- ers have their troubles and vexations. Here in the Maritimes, at the moment, it is undercutting of prices for export of in- spected seed potatoes that is worrying us. 0 O O The removal of the old half-buried can- non from the corner -of Queen and Rich- mond Streets recalls the stripping of all the fortifications here of their guns in 1856, with the exception of Fort Edward. Guns and troops were shipped to Halifax, presumably en route to the Crimea, but at least one, larger than the above mentioned one, was dislodged from its slings and slid into the harbour to be later recovered and set up on Sunnyside at the intersec- tion with Queen Street. I O 0

George Bernard Shaw, now in the hands of surgeons, had one rule of life he observed punctiiiously. He never worked after lunch. If the weather was fine he liked to walk down to the end of the lawn to a little but tucked away under a great oak tree down in the meadow, among the wild grass. As the sun sloped down towards the rim of the world the little hut revolved to catch the rays and the great man sat alone in contemplation. drawing from the sun the strsn by which he lives; He practised his ours of contemplation as conscientiously. as Gandhi practised his

Canada sscui-ed only his grlisin. just over half

comfort.

nothing. As late as last June Immigration.

l

glit- om”

.('IIE GUARDIAN. CHARI.(i'l'TETOW'N i opportunity for lsflsssco

, , s

PUZZLE: nub rut wonuil Iii.s'reoi.v auiiziuo His latter was Nor secnsr. (NO PP.l7.ES.).

wA PU BLIC FORUM

This column is open to the discussion by correspondents of questions of interest. The Guardian doesnot necessar- ily endorse the opinion of uorreapondents.

' CAR FERRY OPERATION

Sir,-Your correspondent from Borden whose letter appeared in The Guardian last week was the first to give public expression of doubt as to the wisdom of hav- ing the car ferries operated eith- er directly by the Depsrtment of Transport or by is Commission or Controller appointed by the Fed- eral Government, but he is not the only one holding that opin-

ion.

The propaganda for is change in the operation of the ferries has been impressive but there are two sides to that as to all other pro- blems. and I agree with your cor- respondent to let well enouzh alone.

The terms of union provide for connection with the railway sys- tem of the mainland. It was the railway not only within the Pro- vince but to and from the Prov- ince that was the outstanding thought in the minds of those completing our terms of union. Why? Because it is the railway that gives life and vigor to the whole economy of the Province. It is therefore the part of wisdom to co-operate in every way pos- sible io have our railway admin- istration and operation efficient and satisfactory. There may have been defects in the past and prob- ably will be some in the future but in this case especially it is better to bear the ills (if any)'we have than to fly to others that we know not of.

What is the record of the past 75 years? i-Iasilt not been one of progress down through the yeais? It has been amazing to read or listen to extreme statements of retrogression and defeatism and more amazing that at the recent session of the Legislature not one of the 30 members Could Stand up and support the railway oper- ation. It may have been'all right to co-operate in askinz 10? 6" indemnity on account of the re- cent tie-up. but to change the ad- ministration and operation of the ferries is another question. It seems to me that the opposition fell down grievously on that point. The people of the Province are not unanimous on the sub-

cf

'1 am. Sir, etc., I. F. W. , Charlottetown.

1-nanny or Mo-forony

Sir,-In a previous letter dealing wiiih this subect. reference was made to the existence of "Combln- aliens in restraint of Trade" and their unfitness in the general scheme of economic affairs. In ord- er to become rid of the bancful ef- fect of such combinations. it was necessary to invoke legislative act- ion that made these practises illeg- al. Today, wherever suspicion of the existence of monopoly exists, pro- aecullon .may be iinsiltuied. and conviction will involve I severe penalty. But people are not at all satisfied, that the evil under dis- cussion has been eliminated. In fact some will say a.portion of the high cost of living today is-due to dealers taking advantage of the times in which we live. and agree- ing upon prices higher than actu- ally necessaiy. Be that as it may. while human inclinations remain what they are, that is rbow it is going to be. Most of us are siinl- larly plumed as for as conscience is concerned, when there is an easy dollar in slcflit.

At this point of disadvantage it is only natural for the normal in- dividual to look for A way and means of escape. to locate some other economic svenrue through which his needs may be supplied, '-free from alleged exploitation Fortunately libero is an economic theory that can b; translated into action and employed to that end. I refer to the cooperative way.

Transaciing business coopera- tivaly. by a group of individuals. having common problems and ob- Jsctives is an ideal method when each one participating plays the game as it should be played. Apart from that it will not function but for a time. The period of duration will depend upon tbaloyslty and nipport of its them-blraiiip. and its tsi-mipstlon. upon the frequency and sccumulation of membership default. it is the ideal way of do- his business when conducted with- in the entirety of its principles. It is a christian wsy.-- , on it be- gsts and dsvslfgs s p? tlisriy love s community ooh- omi that is-ihs my I tliiiosis of

spinning. and drew, from them ii similar

.. '...- . , iAEu;-.n..

glvidw -uinsiinoss. . A negation at its

Old Charlottetown lAnd P. E. I.)

SHEEP BREEDING i

."0ur mutton and lamb are al- lowed to be very well flavoured: the sheep very commonly produce ltwo lambs and are never subject to the rot not to any other dis- order. They are in general small, seldom rising above sixteen pounds a quarter, yet there are people who by care and a superior-mode of management raise them to a much larger size. I have seen the four quarters and kidney fat of ii wether not quite two years old, weigh one hundred and seven- teen pounds, and the four quarters and taliow of a lamb six months old weigh sixty-seven pounds,' and lahese were the common breed of the Island.

"That so many of them are small T9 suddm m”55Y h”"0'”" W119” will not surprise any body when ' th” 1'” "nk d”P' . it is known that the ewe lambs And ”"t'cm'pplV5 "mks He "cm" are allowed to run with the flock, stained "id 3'rey' and that they generally become mothers by the time they are a year old. The wool is soft and fine but shunt, the fleeces weigh from three to six pounds. Stock- ings made of our native wool are universally preferred to any im- ported, and the coarse cloths the produce of our domestic manu- facture, in point of warmth and

THE CUMBERLAND nus And it is well

When sun and wind make laughtor on the fell.

And latches, in green flames. point upward to the sky.”

Then it is well

To leave behind one's chair and book,

To climb beside the hurrying brook By baniu when celandlnc and vic-

let lie; To paths where nailed boot: grate on rock. And the nearby shadowing pines Give may at last to bracken and to eat ,

Here i-urlews and the pewit call. ,

And tams, with gleaming ripples laugh at the blue sky.

And lonely sheep. with fixed golden stare,

Cough as we pass them by:

plaintive

To the horizon Stretch wave on wave of well-loved

. If the edition is exhausted, the

and since strlven to perfect. The world."

that a man might in his declining years be sitting down there to write his reminiscences in the very house where he was born. few people of Alberta have had such an opportunity to date. for

iitiiin ., . 9-,

durability. exceed anything of the same appearance I ever saw. though they are not properly dressed or even dyed of a good colour.

"The proper management of sheep has hitherto been little un- derstood. The general practice has been to house them in the winter which not only hurts the quality of the wool. but renders the animal delicate and less healthy. ,Feeding them in shelter- ed places out of doors has lately been introduced and is found to answer much boiler. Though nothing like the large flocks of sheep kept in England will be fouoid here, the number of sheep on the Island is very considerable, I believe greater in proportion than will be found in any other part of America. Many farmers have ten times the number that Mr. Parkinson states General Washington's flock a-i, upon his celebrated farm at Mount Vernon."

-From an account of Prince Ed- ward Island, 8:, by John Stewart, Esq., 1806.

ing requirements that difficulties may arise, and decline in its use- fulness materialize.

When i rent occurs in the ranks it can be repaired. but it must be vulcanized. It cannot be patched with a borrowing from another economic theory or else it be- comes hybridcooperative or a monstrosity. A true cooperative cannot be anything else but a voluntary organization. It may have rules that will exclude from membership all, but those who are prepared to abide by its regulat- ions, but any attempt to impose i-ts determinations upon the rank and file, other than by appeal, is be- yond recommendation. No matter how wide the scope over which it desires to spread, it cannot ignore original prlncipiu and objectives.

Group activity for the benefit of the masses. when accepted with- out dioistion is -' ”' but if under undue pressure. the cooperative spirit becomes cor- rupted. Man was born a free being, and it was intended that he de- velop as an individual. His eco- nomic responsibilities and rewards when earned. were based on that ooncep&'on of status. When depriv- ed of his assigned independence, he loses his natural poise and in- ltiatlve to advance, and becomes dependant. The glamour of living is gone and there is danger of be- coming morose. A grave responsi- bility rests upon those who fain would lead in such a fashion. and author-ativo permission to do so should not be lightly ranted.

,A few days ago an dress was delivered by Dr. Weigls of New Hsvsn, Connecticut. before an audience of 4500 delegates. assemb- led in Toronto. Ontario, from as countries. Dr. Weigls is Dean Emeritus of Yale University Di- viniiy school. and this is a portion of what he said. "One of man-

kind's greatest throats is the pos- sible replacement-of freedom lov-

travelled mountains, Arid the singing wind shakes the wide silence

With a' poignant sigh.

--Ruth Sliliine.

Crowlanda. North River Road, Charlottetown. ' '

llic Age-(lid Story

And I saw in the night visions. and behold one, like the son of

man came, with the clouds of heav-

and the

201 Prince St.

Sir Andrew MIqbhsil's story of his boyhood home in Prince lid- wud Island was published in 1939. I knew of it at the time and vowed that a book of reniinisoencea by one of. Canada's leading stylists would amply repay seaxdsing out and reading. When I did lay hands on it. over a decade later. it proved to measure up.

A man of Sir Andrew's literary reputation and achievement ought to be able to write movingiy and gracefully of his home. his parents and the setting of his youth. The Master's Wife esirns sh enduring place in our relatively, small body of classical Canadian regional lit- culture.

If there is a second edition of

A Pocketful of Canada. someday. or a sequel to it. A place Vahould be found for a few pages about "island" life in the latter part of the nineteenth century. Sir An- drewis tender and eloquent essay can stand proudly beside anything of that sort in.Csna:ilsn literature.

The book is all of absorbing in- terest to the Maophail family, I have no doubt. To outsiders it is unequal in appeal: there are a few proxy stretches. and many retic- ences. But the peaks are not sur- passed. I think. anywhere in our collections of memoirs and recol- leatlons.

I am surprised to note that it was apparently printed privately by his two children: and I sus- pect it is not now easy to acquire.

best of it ought to be made more generally accemible by the issue of a reprint, or by preservation in some anthology of Canadian life.

The opening paragraph an- nounces the theme with economy and vigor: "He was master of the school." Macpball begins, "she was the Master's Wife. He was my father: she was my mother. Hap- py the man. says Ronssid. qulune meme maison a vu jeuhe et vial- isrd. It is of that house and place in which I was born, in which I still live. and of those who dwelt therein, that I propose to write. with such skill in the use of words as I have first began to learn in it.