PAGE FOUR . . THE GUARDIAN

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Alihodaoil an looonl Clone loll. loot Office Departments Ottawa.

The Inhnd Guardian hsbllnliisig Cu. -

h, Ill A. Burnett; VloPPtollilcllli WI!- Y- “Q1; soap-heals. G. I. Barnett; ldlsor mo ' ' gamer. s. it. omits: Armin" 141W- Irnlsk Walker.

' "The Strongest Memory is Weaker Th0" the Weakest ink.‘

‘OIIAILOTTITOWN. weiourisnnu. my s. ioss

‘flio Suilrrrorslile Airport

Today's news from Ottawa will be read with great interest by all our citizens. The Summer- side airport, already one of the finest in the Maritime Provinces, is to be convertedinto o special air navigational school at a cast of up- wards of a million and a half dollars, and willlbe the only one of its kind in the whole Dominion of Canada. As stated in the despatch, it will be. rebuilt to handle jet propelled PM"? "5 “elk” other types, and will be utilized to give training in advanced air navigation such as only two other schools in the British Commonwealth can provide. Mr. MacNaught, M.P., is to be congratulated upon having been able to convince the authori- ties of the desirability of establishing this great air training school at Summerside. Last January it was announced by the Department of National Defense that R. C. A. F. training at Summerside would be recommenced on a limited scale. At that time it was hinted that some of the latesl types of aircraft recently received from the United Kingdom might be assigned to the school. On account of freedom from fog and generally favorable climatic conditions, the Summerside station has always been regarded as one of per- manent value, and these factors have now helped to place us very definitely on the map as an air training centre.

Significant Figures

In the Maritimes, according to recentfy pub- lished figures by the Dominion Bureaulof Sta- tistics, the earned income per person varies from 64 ta 78 per cent of the average across Can- ada. These sub-normal standards of income, the report says, have left Govern-ment services in the three Provinces at a relatively lower level than in other parts of the Dominion. Government rev- enue per copita in the Maritime area during I933 and I934 ranged between 59 and 73 per cent of the average for the other provinces. In this connection the report stresses the point that the three Maritime Provinces have depended more on subsidies from Ottawa than the other prov- inces. The Board explains this as follows: "While revenues from other sources are, as a rule, consid- erably below the other Provinces’ average, Mari- time revenues received from the Dominion Gov- ernment were in pre-war years far above that level. In I939, Prince Edward Island's revenues from this source (from Federal subsidies), were more than four times and those of New Bruns- wick and Nova Scotia more than twice,‘ the average for other Provinces."

The survey attributes the major Maritime dependence on Federal subsidies to the "Iow tax- able capacity" of this area as compared with other sections of Canada. "lt is difficult, if not impossible," says the report, "for the Maritime Provinces to raise sufficient revenue from the available sources to provide .,Govern~ment services on a scale equal to those in the other Prov- laces."

iiorirnrunlst Slip

A sidelight on the recent Italian elec- tions indicates that the Communists were cock-sure of winning. A dispatch from Rome says that a number of copies of the Communist weekly, the "Vie Nuove" were delivered to sub- scribers on the day after polling, with this flam- ing headline: "Popular Front Wins,—de Gasperi Resigns." The ”Vie Nuove" went to press early ori Monday before the first election returns had been tabulated, and when the Communist leaders were stjll certain they would get a plurality, if not an actual majority of the votes. When the re- turns began to pour in, the Communist paper was quickly re-made and the earlier issue thrown aside, but some of this issue got mixed up with the later copies and were delivered to subscrib- or: by mistake. The earlier make-up of "Vie Nuove" accordingly revealed what the Commun- ists expected, while the latter told the story of what they got. Their score was about 7,000,000 votes in a total poll of well over 21,000,000.

A Vital Question,

At a political meeting in Toronto a w‘ iin is quoted as asking: "Which party can give our families the most?" Worth thought, this, comments the Ottawa Journal. For what it tells is a state of mind in tliis country which is all too prevalent and which is as pitiful as it is perilous. This Toronto wo- man was not thinking of a party ”giving" the "most” in terms of some party developing the country's resources, prosporing its commerce, and providing the most in opportunity for its citizens. She was thinking of the "most” in terms of that now blessed word "security"-in terms of "free" health services, "free" this and that in schools, bigger and batter old-age pensions and family allowances, more and bigger subsidies and’ hand- outs of all sorts. She spoke, in‘, short, for that gtowing number which is beguilod and bodevillod . bye-monstrous fallacy. ,-. The time has come, it would mm, for the parties in this country which protest belief in . lrfoo enterprise, which hail their birth in belief I ifLtho worth of the individual, and whose foun- l were rnon who liad faith in Canada and in it, of adventure and self-reliance of its rs halt Oldhlilhi a siirnd for their rirr-v

promises and surrenders until today the border- land between free capitalism and collectivism has become all but imperceptible.

_ EDITORIAL NOTES _-

Between the Musical Festival and organ- izing Junior Farm Clubs, our young people are finding plenty to do in their spare time these

days.

O I i I

Tradition has it that the Island's wealth of natural resources is comprised of the six inches of soil. It would be quite startling if the geological survey rpvegled’ other riches.

Canada is going through a period of raPld capital expansion, a goodly portion of it fin- anced by Maritime investors. -lt seems that it is up to Americans to take the risk and profit of developing industries hfre; * ‘

It is well to have someone remind us, us Premier Garson did, that government services are never "free." The more demands we make on government the more it is going to cost and the more power _its servants are going to re-

quire.

w Ii a w

The holiday season is againl approaching, but. with foreign travel practically banned and everything at prohibitive rates, about the only available holidays are a sea trip with the navy, summer camp with the army or just a holiday with the air force.

C.

The Mayor and City Council are to be con- gratulated on their move to provide additional home accommodation in the City. It is a goo:l Investment from every point of view, but es- pecially from the standpoint of City development and improvement.

I

a is

a w

Shipping losses in fog are sure to bring fresh demands that all and sundry vessels be equipped with radar. Unfortunately radar is not a com- plete answer. ln addition to the human factor a s-hip sailing alone has no targets on which to

.test the efficiency of the set which may thus b6-

come unreliable without the knowledge of the

operator.

i O Q i

According to the evidence being given be- fore the Prices Committee, it is "the service" not the raw product that accounts for the increased cast of foodstuffs. Though they were not men- tioned among the costs which run up prices, there should be included higher rents, old age pen- sions, iinesiploymentinsurance, baby bonuses, income tax, increased freight rates and embargo on importation of essentials to production. When we keep this in mind it is easy to realize why "the food that perisheth" has its share of the burden to bear.

I i I

There are still Pooh-Bahs even in Canada. Recently in Alberta, Dr. W. W. Cross was four portfolios short of being a one-man Provincial Government. With seven cabinet positions, he shared the government with Hon. C. E. Gerhort who held the remaining four. Absence in Ot- awo or in hospital of other members of the pro- vincial executive gave Dr. Cross the offices of acting premier, acting attorney-general, acting provincial. treasurer, acting public works minis- ter and acting minister of lands and mines in addition to his own portfolios of health and pub-

lic welfare.

O i i i

There is something in store for our wartime navy men. The last great distribution of Royal Navy prize money will be announced soon, with United Kingdom seamen probably receiving something between £2 ($8) and 55 ($20) each. An Admiralty spokesman said that o statement on the Dominion sailors’ share is expected later. It is understood that negotiations with the" Domin- ioris still are under way. Mr. John Dugdale, Par- liamentary Secretary to the Admiralty, said in the House of Commons that it is estimated 54,000,000 will be available for the Royal Navy-and 93,250,- 000 for the R. A. F. Authorities said the actual amounts for individuals cannot be known until legislation is introduced in the Commons, but they will be nothing like the sizable sums distri- buted after the First World War, when Ad-mirals got about 53,000 and able seamen about 525.

Premier Garson of Manitoba made a very favourable impression on the two audiences ho addressed Monday. He is riot a flowery orator, but speaks with a plainness and directness that convinces {one of his sincerity. In'his address on freight rates he left no doubt in anyone's mind that both the Maritimes and the West are made to suffer for the particular benefit of Ontario and Quebec. Similarly, in his analysis and exposi- tion of the Socialist and Democratic theories of government he convincingly showed that in the long run it was a choice between slavery and freedom, the people State-driven and coerced, and the people directing and controlling the State in the interests of tho common good. More addresses of this character are bound to prove effective, for after all there is nothing more impressive and convincing than an oblo man fac- ing an audience, whom he can see and who can see him, and expounding that whereof he knows.

Q I I I

Henrich Karl Marx, German Socialist, born this data I818; son of a Jewish lawyer ho became a convert to Protestantism; took the degree of doctor of philosophy at Berlin; later met Frederick Engels in Paris with whom he was associated till his death; he published his most important work Das Kapital, in I067; it had the effect and influence in social relations that Darwin's work on religion had. It is a scientific study of industrial conditions, and from these investiga- tions tire theory is maintained that materialist conceptions have guided tho history of man. The theory of surplus value is also deduced-la, that the workrnonfs wages tend to fall to tiiernini- rnum of subsistence, and that all profityrent, and interest are part of the value which the labour of the wodinran has produced, arid are, in fact,

Il- hiil. ca:

surplus value. This political theory led to tire

s ms uUARDIAQI, _C_I_LA_R;ID’I"I‘ET_Q_V_YN

"l lllly lia mil. but I'm certainly not down!" This was Winston Churchill's fighting message to Q3- nado. dellvcruf at a meeting of Pai-llommtsrlans and industrialists 515M951!!! Canada's coal produc- tion at. the Chateau Iaurier ins. night. British industrialist Bl! Ai- bert Bralthwuitie delivered the mea- sage which he said he got from Mr. Churchill a few days before liiillvm? Krishna. - omwi. Jour- no.

Is it ‘not time that. we discontinu- t-‘il Speaklnfl of queueing as one of the great hardships of the war to be abolished as soon as possible? The war dlcl not originate it. To wait. one’s turn is a sign of a well-mannered civilized people, is the Englishman has always shown. It appeals to his sense of iusiice flHCl fair play. Surely no one wants a return to the days when the customers at. a big store would stand three deep along the coun- ter, and those who could push hard est or could catch the salesmarfls eye got. served first? — Lady Edith Clarke 1n London Times.

Altogether too much is being said by well-meaning —perhaps -peo. pie about. the best. chance for pence lying in making friends with Rus- sia. We have been trying to do this for years and the chances of peace have admittedly deteriorated. The chalnce would be better ll’ Russia were to make friends with us. Were that to happen nn immediate 1m- provement. 1n world relations would be notlceable—-although. 1n vlew oi’ the record, we should be justified in making sure that the kiss offered is not ii Judas kiss. - Saint; John Telegraph Journal.

Pity the poor Lithuanian: lri Ca- nada. Told by the Soviet embassy to register as Russian citizens, they had the following paragraph toss- ed at. them last. week by Canadas new and growing department, 0f external affairs: "The Canadian government regards the registration of Lithuanian nations in accord- ance with the decree of the prac- sldlum of the supreme Soviet of the USSR. as pnnounoed by the Soviet embassy 1n the Slavic-lung- uage press in Canada. to be entirely u voluntary mutter and recognizes no obligation on the part. of any resident of Canada to register." - Financlal Post.

"I believe the fate of civiliza- tion as we understand 1t is bound up with the fate of books. and I believe further that the fate of books depends upon the existence of ii nucleus of fit. readers, that. is to say, of renders who are ar- tists in their approach to books and determined to remain so whatever restrictions are attempted or 1m- posed. These will be guardians of human consciousness, trustees of the arts of living, to whom writ- ers who are artists will appeal and be responsible." - Holbrook Jack- son, 1n "The Reading of Books." (Charles smbners Sons.)

The misfortune of gelling his car mired in a mud-hole. one motorist found (says The Printed Word) was partly balanced by the fact that. a farm-house was nearby. It was a matter of only e few min- utes for the farmer to bring out. u. team of horses and a rope. The 1:1- cldent was not at all unusual in 1t,self,,but the motorist was sur- prised by the number of children that flocked to the scene to watch the horses do their pulling. The crowd, in that. out-of-the-way spot, seemed not. much smaller than would have gathered had the mlsl hap occurred on a city street. As the motorist paid his bill for the service, he asked the farmer: "Are all these children yours?" "Yepf said the proud father. "How many have you?" "Forty-three dollars ivorth."

T. J. Walker, University of Wil- coiisin zoologlst, tells of experi- ments 1n which he demonstrated liow well fish smell. I-le arranged an aquarium In which two currents o.’ water could beclrculuted without. becoming mixed. Thus it. was pos- sible to introduce simultaneously water 1n which two different spec- ies of water-plants had been wash- ed, and lot. the fish choose between their respective scents. The min- nows used 1n the tests were train- ed to prefer certain plant-scents, by rewarding them with food when they swam into their areas. They also were trained to shun others by giving them slight. electric shocks when they swam toward them. The majority of tho fish used became rather discriminating after s suitable training period. The water samples 1n which various aquatic plant species were washed were all scentless to human nas- uiiu, but bhC little fish knew iris difference even when the iinmpies gore greatly diluted. — Brandon uu.

A Imidon-born Canadian home for Christmas after n long absence spent a lot. of the time walking n- bout. the streets, not. so much to visit. the monuments and things of note so to revive small, personal mentor-lea, ouch as the giant. fig

are-heads that stood 1n the ship- breaker’; yard by Vuuxhall Bridge. But the flgurehcads have vunlah- ed, and the firm that. broke up l0 many famous ships, including The Fighting Temernlre, has gone. This was a dfssppotntnient. But to bui- riiice it. there was‘ the delight of finding that. one of the Joya of hll boyhood, the level crossing at. Nine Iflrns road, was still working. Across the busy main road and its from. llnea was the railroad tnok; and us, he stood there. remembering, out into the middle of the rand walked n rallwc. porter waving n red flag nndciasrging s well-polish- ed lion to stop the u-sfffo while the train vrono by. Ii seemed an incredible sight within a few hum.

creation of a working class Socialist party.

dred yards of Westminster Abbey.

INDIAN AFFAIRS

$lr,—In n fin-me: letter on the Indian situation, I intimated that I was through writing on the‘. question. but. o short letter au- peared 1n The Guardian of April 23rd by “One.lnt.erested" which referred to my trip to Ottawa and which said, "I feel that. many pea-- pie would like to know whether iio called at. the Indian Affairs Dc- pai-tment while there, and l1 he obtained any further information on this problem." On reflection I feel that it. would be only cour- teous to reply. While In Ottawa attending n meeting o1’ the Canadian Medical Association, I called on some mem- bers of the Commission on Indian Affairs and an official of the De- partment, showed them a map of Lennox Island, pointed out. the numerous peat bogs and swamps and the small portion of the rc- ssrve the Commission saw while on their inspection Lousy-prac- tically one hundredth part of inc Island. They were very corcllni but very reticent, especially the mem- bers of the Commission. After ail, what. could they say w Justify their recommendations of such .i huge expenditure 1n such u place? I W85 on t.he_ spot. ready to remit. any argument they might. advance. The official of the" Departmeit told me the program they adopted was going through as planned. I showed him what I thought was a better plan. told him the public criticized and ridiculed their plan, cited the criticism of an individual who could not. possibly be biased against their plan, etc. He admitted he was sorry he had not. had an opportunity of talking to me before the plan had gone so far. He said the Department liked to have the reserve some die- tance from a town or city for so- cial and moral reasons; Hence Llic decision to segregate the Indian on Lennox Island. I asked him how they expected to feed the Indians. He replied that. the Government intended to build and stock a store. plant a sufficient acreage of pota- toes and l garden for vegetables. All this work to be done at. Gov- ernment expense. In other words. the State providing for the iri- dlvlduel with no hope of the 1n- dlvidual working out. his own prob iems or making any provision for his livelihood. To put. 1t. mildly‘. that. form of government ls not. good for the State or the Indira- dual. If we had that. farm of gov- emmer.‘ all over Canada, I do not think 1t would be called a demo- cracy, but. aft/er all, why should the Indian work 1f the Goveni- ment. intends providing everything he ‘requires to satisfy his waists? On inquiring about. the milk supply, he replied that they ‘n- trcndcd putting goats on the is- land. I admitted that. goats’ mlik was good rich milk, and he said,- “We are going b0 put; '15 or 80 goats on the resents." I told him it. woui-i not feed 25 goats the year around. Think of the size of barn they wlil have t.o build to house 80 goats for the winter, and there will nor. be u spear of hay or grain in the iofi to feed them when winter comer, unless 1t. is hauled from the metri- lnnd. What kind of a fence will be required tio keep the goats our o1 the gardens? They love cabbage and green vegetables and will scale any fence to reach them. What about the Indian who may wish so plant. o. little garden of his own! He can't. possibly protect 1i. Thr goats will eat the blueberry bushes and the blueberries that. have been, 1n the past, a source of revenue for the Indian womem I am very much afraid that. the Department ls not. very familiar with the sgri cultural possibilities of Iennox Ia- land. There 1s one other matter that 1 mfght mention. I am crcditaibly informed that Lennox Island is not owned by the Dominion Gov- ernment. at all but. only held in trust for the Indians. Yet. they

“To think it should still be going on in 194'! near the centre o1 bop- don! It. was worth coming home

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT- - Home this man so Its-Men 1n his So etiat-terod ks his kindling-yeast That had his spirit 11.0% been sbronl an Tune u, gould tisvye won no failure more than tears.‘ Honor ii darlnilrleel soul inc colds“ voice