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Publishe' Frank Walker Editor Published every week day morning (e>.ept Sun days and statutory holidays) at I65 PULL: Street Charlottetown, P.E.|., by Ihomson Ne.vsoapef5 Lid Branch offices at SUIIIIIIelSlCie, Mornagbe. Alber

ten and Souris.

W. J. Hancox, Burlon Lewis Executive Editor

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Elna—it“TcBylaw—JAMwitng I963.

Revised Tory Versron

“In the hearts and minds of the delegates who assembled in this room on Sept. 1st, 1864," says the inscription on the west wall of the Confederation t‘hambcr in (bar- lottetown, “was born the Dominion of Canada. Providence being their guide they buildcd better than they knew."

The (Icicgatcs to the Progressive Conservative national Convention at Ottawa last, week, by a margin of one vote, dccidcd that whether or not Providence was thcir guide. the Confederation Fathers hadn’t buiIII- ed well enough by giving birth to a Dominion of kind. It should have been something more gran- diose. So thcy dccidcd that the word “dominion” which appears four times in their Party constitution shoulrl be rcplaced by the word “na- tional".

As cxplailit'rl by the reformcrs who put. this motion through. “do- minion” smacks too much of colon- ialism; we are a “mature. growing nation" and we nccd a new status symbol to proclaim this fact to the World. Away with such servile con- cepts as our Confederation Chamber tablet commemorates!

any

“'9 are plcascd to note that among those dissenting from this view was our junior Member of Par- liament for (Queens. Mr. Heath Mac- quarrie, who is too well versed in political history not to know what a silly resolution this was, and that however obnoxious such terms as “dominion” and “Dominion of Can- ada" may be our to our ultra-na- tionalists of today, they are still to be found where the Fathers of Con- federation left them. in the British North Amcrica Act which is the sheet anchor our provincial rights, and in all our constitutional docu- ments.

There is a move on foot now to do away wit h the limo-honored name “province” itself and substitute “state” for it instead. And why not? Isn't that another dostestable relic of “colonialisin”‘.’ Here again, the ('anadian constitution uses th 6 terms “province” and “provincial” at almost every turn, while the word “statc"—in the sense in which the rcfoi-mcrs would use it—is con- spicuous by its absence. But that won’t deter (born from trying to make the switch. preferably before we begin celebrating the centennial of what the Confederation Fathers thought they were building under Providence.

)Ir. Macquarrie, we fancy, won’t like this change any better than the scrapping of the term "dominion" for "national." Good luck to him! We trust he'll keep on exposing the fallacy of both these innovations, and enlightening his Tory confreres from other provinces on what their party history means, and what the Confederation Fathers meant when they made this proud Island capital the cradle of a. self-governing Do- minion stretching from sea to sea.

Trade Gap Trimmed

Now that Parliament has reas- eembled, we may expect to hear more about budgetary matters and how the country has been weather- ing the economic crisis of the past few months. One reassuring docu- mmt which has just been issued by the United States Commerce De- partment will surely not go unnoted by Government spokeamen in pre- Ientine. their case. According to this unbiased authority. Carmela has dgnlficantly improved her balance not“. and indeed made enormous

“4.4m J.

L L

Ibo-(son Newspapers

l Newspaper Publisher.

strides in narrowing the gap ba- tween what we buy and what: we sell to our American neighbors.

Normally Canada goes into the rod on trade with the U-S., Some- timcs by Illl-l‘e than $1,000 million annually. In recent years the figure has been in the $350 million-$575 million range. But. according to the US. ('ommct‘ce Department figures, the 1962 trade deficit may be less than $200 million. The figures, not yet finalized. Work out to a $16 mil- lion dct'icit average each month, compared with a $31 million month- ly deficit in 1961 and a $417 million monthly deficit in 1960.

When the final figures are pub- lished thcy may. in fact, show (‘an- ada did even better than this in 1062. The reason for this optimism is the much maligned import sur- charges (,‘anada imposed last sunt- mcr and the devaluation of the Can- adian dollar which would be in ef- fect during the final months of the year while they were not in effect at all during the first half of 1962.

In addition to the improving pic‘ ture on trade. the US. Commerce I’lepartmcnt figures show a move- ment of private short-term capital back to Canada. During the first quartcr of 1962 there was a net movement of million into Canada from the US. During the second quarter there was a not movement out of (‘anada of $109 million. but during the third quarter, a net of $8 million flowed back into this country. This increase to ('anada was partly in direct investments and partly in short-term capital outflows. The latter. notes the sur- vcy. may have been due to the high intcrcst established the Canadian authorities last summer.

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Test Ban Discussions

There sci-ms hope now that a real approach will be made by the Unit- ed States. Britain and Russia in seckiug a nuclear weapons test ban agrecment. Premier Khrushchev has rcmovcd a major barrier to ser- ious negotiation by telling President Kennedy he would accept two or three on-site inspections at year in the Soviet Union as part of a system to prevent cheating. This does not go far enough to suit Washington, but it is a step in the right direc- ion and could load to a real break- through in the bargaining dead- lock.

Representatives of the three nu- clear powers will reopen negotiations at Washington today in an atmos- phere of less tension than Could have been predicted a few months ago. Diplomats at the United Na- tions are discussing the prospects hopefully. and in Britain Premier Khrushchev’s acceptance. in prin- ciple. of the on-site inspection is hailed as an “important develop- ment."

(,‘oincident with this develop- ment, however, comes the news of President de Gaulle‘s determination to go his own way in developing nu- clear weapons for the glory of France. and—of more sinister sig— nificance—of China now having two nuclear bombs and of intending, “probably”. to set off its first nu- clear blast before the end of this year. This latter report comes from Japanese sources. and is discmmted by US. embassy officials at Tokyo.

What is beyond question is the fact that Red China is striving des- perately to get into the nuclear bombs race, with or without help from Russia. It will not be bound by any test ban agreement between the present nuclear powers, and since the United Nations insists on Ignor- ing its existence as a nation, it will certainly not be deterred by any votes of censure from that source. Surely it must be obvious that the longer China is excluded from the World countil of nations. the more danger there is of it running amuck when it gets nuclear power in its hands-

EDITORIAL NOTE The International Horticultural Exhibition to be held in Hamburg, West Germany, this year will be on

an unprecedented scale. Holland, Belgium, Denmark, Italy, France and Austria as well as England,

Norway, Finland and Lebanon will be represented at the opening show in April. Brazil. the United States and India, Thailand, Singapore, South Africa and Australia will send valuable specimens of flora, mostly orchids. Cut flowers are being sup- plied by Egypt and Morocco, citrus fruits by Israel.

ONE WON'T MEET ME HALF' WAY AND THE OTHER l5

' Tgvmo’l’o FILL IT

I. m BEHIND ME

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COMMON MARKET

A GRIM WINTER IN EUROPE

Antibiotics Treat

Many Illnesses

By Dr. Theodore R. Van Dalian Tl-IE ANTIBIOTICS w e r e introduced during the early years of World War II and have done a magnificent job In the treatment of infections. Pen- icillin was first and Cephalothln is the latest. There have been many others during the interim. It is difficult for younger peo- ple to realize how helpless and threatened were millions of per- sons in all parts of the world be- fore the introduction of the anti- biotics. Forty per cent off all In- fectious illnesses requiring treatment are controled by these drugs. Prior to their dis- covery, there were no effective remedies for bacterial menin- gitis, anthrax. syphilis, gonorr- hea. tularemia. w h o 0 pin 3 cough, and blood poisoning.

Childbed fever has almost dis- appeared and appendicitis with peritonitis has lost its deadli- ness. The chance of surviving pneumonia was two out of three -—-nowadays the odds are better than 20 to one. Mastoiditis is rare and ear infections can be controled in a high percentage of victims.

The major problems with these products are allergy. side reactions, and the development of drug resistant strains of bac- teria suc h as staphylococci. Many new antibiotics have been introduced with claims th at they are capable of overcoming those resistant germs. But the micro- organisms usually out- wit these agents within a year or two, making them useless against staph.

Oxacillin is a new synthetic penicillin that has held up fairly well. It is not a strong anti- biotic but rovcd useful in severe resistant staphylococcal infections.

OTTAWA REPORT by Patrick Nicholson

Dief To Be Honored In London

Aflcr Fcln‘uary 25. John Dic- fcnhakcr will be able to walk illl‘ouu‘i tlu‘ strct‘is of Illl‘ ('in of London without Icar of being scircd by tho Prcss Gang and bundch off to scrvc as a sea- mau in the British Navy.

That is one of the historic pri- vilcucs cnioyr‘d by a Frccman of Hip (‘in of London. which Primc ‘.\Iinislcr llicfcnbakcr will hccome on that date. .

Thc granting of the Honorary Frccdom of the (‘ity of London is oth of thc most treasured and

most rarc honours which can bc confcrrcd upon any person. 'l‘hcro are only ninctccn rcci-

picnts of this distinction alive today. ’l‘hcsc includc thc Quecn and tho formcl‘ King Edward VII] and thrcc olhcr mcmhcrs of thc royal family: tllrcc Rri‘ tisll Prime Ministers. (Churchill.

Attlcc and \lacmillan: four Commonwcalth Prime Minis- tors: Canada's St Iaurr‘nl In-

dia's Vollru and Australia's Mon- 7ics and Iirucc: six British war lcz'dcvs. inclurlinc “Monlv” and our formor Governor Grncral. Earl Achandcr: and “lkc.” who was thus honourcd as the Sup- rcmc Allind wartime command-

er before ho was elected prc-

sidcnl of (SA. AVI'lliVT (‘OI'RT

llor-isinus to confer the fire- dnm as an honour are made- by thc Court of Common Council. which is the Iowcr or clcctcd chambcr of the municipal cov- crnmcut of the ancicnt City of London. It is confcrrcd as a mat“: of disli"('tir"‘ for Miami» tiona'. sorviccs to Britain. or to tho (‘ommnnwcaltlL or to the World in ccnoral.

’l‘hc significant-e of this free- dom strclrh back into history. London was dcsr-ribcd by the Roman writer Tacitus as long ago as thr- vcar 61 AD. as " busv emporium for trade and tradcrs" Its unique govern- mcut - it is the only British city which has two legislative cham- bcrs - datcs back to the days of thr- l’loman occupation of Bri- tain n was confirmed chartor of King William I in IIM your 1073. It has always bccn thc heart of the economy of

England. Companies whose head- uuartcrs are in “The City" to- day account for one-sixth of all the profits recorded by Britain's world-wide trade and commer- cc.

But that original "city" has been swamped by the sprawl of surrounding suburbia over th 0 past 2.000 years. so today the tiny arca of just 677 acres which makes up “The City“ is home to only 5.324 residents. But over

half a million executives and clerks make their way into that ancient tiny city every

working day, to jobs in those profitable busincsscs. GROWTH OF LIBERTY

Tho history of lihcrty In me- dieval England reflected the struggle of numerous corporate groups. such as the guilds of artisans and thc livery compan- ics of merchants in London. to win freedom from external con- trol. Traditionally any British subject has been eligible to ob- tain the status of a frccman of tho (‘in of London.

This was obtained whenever

privilege. It was

to a freeman. by birth as the

child of a freeman. or by pay- ,

ing high fees. It was an essen- tial prerequisite to the right to

trade within the city limits, and ; , it conferred immunity from pay- . ing full at markets. It also con- ‘ :ferred freedom

from impress- ment for service in the English Navy or .

Many Britons today obtain the status of Freemen of the City through membership of a City

Livery Company or Guild. It is 1 a great honour to be elected. ‘

and to be permitted to pay the fees in lieu of servitude as an apprentice.

But to be elected for the hon-

our of receiving the Freedom, ‘ .as Prime Minister Diefenbak-z er has been elected. is a rare , distinction indeed. He will join 3 a small select company of on- I

ly nineteen other honorary Free-

man Whfi" he ‘5. thus recqgmzcd .- soon aftcr she is on them. They for his exceptional servrces to l

‘ the Commonwealth.

Glossblowers In Demand

National Geographic Society

An expcrienccd glassblower is worth his weight in Venetian crystal nowadays. Though ma- chincs efficiently p r o d u c e everyday glassware, masters of (he ancicnt art are demand to fashion fine crystal and intricate laboratory appar- atus.

In the United States, the num- ber of glassblowers rhas dwindl- ed to about 900. Many of these are employed in large labora- torics. where they devise com-

plcx systems of bonding, curv-i

n. and spiraling tubvs. bul-

bous retorts, cylinders within

cylinders, and spigoted flasks. heir handiwork somct I m e 3

looks as if c art oonlst Rube

Goldberg had collaborated with r. Frankenstein.

ANCIENT TECHNIQUE Today's glassblowers use es- sentially the technique that Phoenicians developed in the an- cient city of Sidon about 300

PUBLIC

FORUM

FERRY SERVICE PROBLEM Sir,— The over smouldering. and now bccoming frantic, con- cern fclt by our Provincial Gov- ernmcnf on how to deal with the traffic problem ‘bctwccn tllc Island and the mainland, espe- cially in the coming Centennial Year, Is shared by all of us. Improvements and additions to both the Wood Islands 8 n d Borden services will, to some extent, alleviate a few incon- veniences and some pressure now. under normally expanding conditions, being tolerated: but in vicw of the cxpectcd abnor- mal flow of traffic In 1964 (and let us not forget 1967, too.l steps should be taken immediately to provide facilities capable of of- fering that "continuous access to and from the mainland", as guarantocd under the RNA Act. Many people In Western Prim-c (including the writer) feel that an additional ferry sor- vicc at this end of the Island would absorb much of the frat- fic from northern New Bruns- wick, Quebec and Ontario and be a most reasonable. practical and permanent solution to re- lieve the congestion which ob- tains every year. In this con- nection. I recall that during the last session of the Legislature unanimous support was given to (the West Poml F project. and subsequent Items In the Press point to the fact that this ‘support' Is being translated In- to action. owever, in view of the need (now clearly indicated) for ad- ditional mainland connections. every effort should be made at both Provincial and Federal

| Government levels towards the establishment of a ferry service ': between West Point and N ew Brunswick. which would not only provide a relief to the I hard-pressed facilities at Bor- I den and Wood Islands but also contribute. in the most effective way, to the economy of W e at Prince. I am, Sir, etc, CYRIL R. LEAR!) Alberton, P.E.I.

WINTERING HONKERS

Sir.— Your picture entitled “Follow the Leader" In the Jan- uary 12 edition of The Guardian has prompted me to send you a clipping from the Minneapolis- .Morning Tribune, Jan. 16. of our f a m o u 3 Rochester flock. The picture was taken In 20 be- low weather and shows the flock "sitting It out" of the cold on the warm waters of Silver Lake at Rochester. The water Is kept warm by nearby power plants and some 5.000 geese lil-

ually spend the winter there. Christmas count 5

n; a 5,700. A number of Inlanderl visiting here have seen this tab- ulous spectacle. You and they might be Interested to learn that the species herein shown was sup sed to have become extlnct at the turn of the cen- tury. The present large flock appears to have grown from I total of 3 pairs of Giant Canad- lan Geese presented to a Roch- ester cltlm about I” the owner of a lame farm in North Dakota. I am, Slr. etc,

. . DOCKERTY. MD

Mayo Clinic. Rochester. Mina.

C. The artisan makes 2: "ga-

B. lther" by dipping the knobby‘

end of a blowpipe into a pot of

’ hot, viscous glass. As he remov- j es the pipe, a mass of hot glass in constant j 2 orously. he expands the gather

adheres. Blowing gently or vig-

into a thick or thin bulb.

By swinging and rotating the ,‘ bulb. puffing, rolling and manl- I few .

pulating the glass with a simple too 5, and reheating ‘when necessary, the glassblow- or can create almost any form. ‘ Some Phoenician glassblow- lers migrated to Rome, where

lentire streets were lined with

:glass furnaces. Glass, once a .precious commodity, became Icommon. Roman artisans be-

. came masters of fine glassblowing. and their two-col- l or cameo vases have n ev er been matched.

After the fall of the Roman Empire. glassmaking languish- ed for centuries in w e stern Europe. The art was revived in the Middle Ages. Glassblowors then were sometimes thought to be in league with the devil be- cause they worked so closely with fire. Transforminlz sand to glass seemed to be a black art: the glass retorts made for al- chemisla' strange experiments added to the mystery.

GOLDEN AGE OF GLASS

gen In Venice in the 13th cen- tury and lasted for some years. Superb glass, undupli- outed elsewhere. contributed to the wealth and prestige of the Venetian city state. Secrets of the craft were closely guarded by the Republic's all - powerful Council of Ten.

The Venetian glass Industry was moved to the suburban Is- land of Murano In 129]. Armed guards patrolled Murano‘s fam- ous mile of glass houses, and

e craftsmen were vi rtu al prisoners.

French and English agents tempted the zlaseblowera to Iell their secrets. One glassmaker defected, but was stabbed In the back by a Council assassin as he reached the gates of Paris. Top glassmakera were elevated to the rank b . their daulhtera were eligible to marry noblemea.

AI other countries devel their own glue industries, Ven- ice lm its monopoly. But beau- tiful [Ian obJe c f a ere still wn there. Visitors may stop their gondola: at a e v e r a 1

sea am the Grand Canal to watch the elasablowm at won-ti; and to admire their pre-

u

§

c .

Technical an t came slowly. Invaltlon an automa- c bottle- maehlne ln Imwaatlleflrat of a host of Nth-century innovations til at were to make the llassblower obsolete III the field of roam

The golden age of glass be»

2.. is the very latest antibiotic. It is unique in that the mold Is resistant to the sub- stance that staph gives off in its fight for survival. In addi- tion, the drug is effective

. against a wide variety of micro- Ipossible as a valued economic obtained , (through serving apprenticeship