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PAGE 4 TUESDAY. JULY 16. 1951

The Late Mr. MacPhee

The late Mr. H. Frank MacPltee, Q.C.. was widely known aitd esteem- ed throughout the Ptovincc. He was an outstanding member of the legal profession and in late years his activities were largely confiticd to his law practice. He had. howl-tcr, served with equal distinction as a member of the Legislature. as Klin- ister of Public Works and as Al- toritey General in the Stewart (lov- ernmeitt. As a deliatcr ltc hail fcw equals in the Mari ime Pi-oviitct-s, and he was invariatly fair and courteous to his opponents. (tour- tesy, indeed. was one of MI. Mac- Phee's marked characteristics at all tintes.

A man of wide reading attd culture, of broad human sympathies and genial nature. he would have adorned any position to which he was called. it is no secret that with the change of' government at Ot- tawa he would quite likely have been appointed to the vacant Sena- torship in this Province had ltis health permitted him to accept. Hope for this improvement was entertained up to a few weeks ago.

Mr. lllacPhee's passittg will be learned with deep regret by all who were associated with him in any capacity, and who will treasure the memory of his sterling qualities of mind and heart. To his widow and daughters The Guardian joins in tendering sincere sympathy.

, it

"Hebridean Pioneers

What Prince Edward Islander, at home or abroad. is not familiar with the story of the Skye Pioneers? Those sturdy Highland settlers ar- rived here with Lord Selkirk in the year 1803. and settled in what is now the Belfast district. The three ships in which they came - the Polly, the Dykes and the Oughton -are still familiar names and the record of their early hardships and subsequent achievements forms an inspiring chapter in our Island his- tory. I

The record would he mttch less familiar to us today hitt for the devoted efforts of Mr. Malcolm A. Macqucen. Q.C.. of Winnipef.'.- A former Islander and direct descend- ant of the pioneers. Mr. Macqueen is their historian par excellence. His "Skye Pioneers and The lsland'”

' Tm appeared in 1929, and the surviving

copies of this work are still eagerly read and treasured.

Yllr. Macqueen visited here in 1.0.'t.'l. and contributed an address which was read at the services marking the l.'t0th annit'ct2-yry of the Belfast settlcmcnt. lie inti- mated at that time that he was at work on it new volume, bringing all his rcsearcltes tip to date and iitcot-pointing new material which he had come across from time to time. This revision has been a laltor of love whtclt he ltas notv lvrnugltt to a siicces.--ful conclusion. His new book. ”llehriclcan Pinn- enrs”. ttas just been published by Henrlctzson Directories Limited. Win- nipeg. and is a scltolarly achieve- ment of the higltr-st orrier. No one can fail to be impressed by the painstaking research which ltas gone into every page of this inspiring narrative. The genealogical refer- ences have been considerably ex- panded, and the historical back- ground is much more complete than in the earlier volume.

As the author notes in an intro- ductory chapter, the departure of the Selkirk settlers from the Heb- rides corutltuted one of the largest Igstemstlc mlrgraiions sponsored by In indtvtdusl of which up to that time then is.Iny tecord. It stimu- lated Highland emigration. especially hi PPIICO WWQM Island Ind Cum BRtml:UllIOdlIothItintheflt'st 13 the nlmteentti century

Hlghlullets migrated Ntlih AHIHG. chiefly to that

3

ygthiownbdlyasthelllat-ltlnte

Ituuueathusphced

D I Buiganin, Toy Premier The most tragic figure in the

Soviet Union, a land of many tragedies, is, paradoxically, the man who officially holds the reins of power, Premier Nikolai A. Bulganiu. He appears to be the only much- mentioned Soviet politician who has had any appreciable amount of schooling in the diplomatic graces; and then: have been indications from time to time that, if he had the slightest thing to do with for- mulating policy, he would at least treat his foreign counterparts with reasonable courtesy. He might even do something towards easing inter- national tensions.

But under the system that ob- tains iii the Soviet Union. "Marshal" Bulganin (even that title is ficti- tious) is no more than a toy pre- niicr. a puppet who must react to the strings pulled by his boorish lltiSS, Nikita lihrtishchev. The let- ters ltc writes to foreign govern- ntcttts are dictated by Khrusltcltev. The speeches he delivers are written by the same cunning hand. For a ycar or two after his appointnteitt to his nominal post, the pretence that he was Premier iit fact as well as iit name was more or less sus- tained. Lately. even that superficial comfort has been denied him.

On Bitlg:initt's and lx'ltru.sitrltcv's rcccnt trip to Czechoslovakia. the Premier was alw'ays at least one step behind the Party Secretary. That this was a calculated means of iitflictiitg indignity. aitd tto ac- cident. was shown in an incident on their arrival at the airport itt Pra- gue, where hhrushchev seated ltim- self in the first official car, leaving his companion to find his own trans- portation as best he could. Mr. Bul- gattin made only one speech on the tour; and that one. obviously. hail been put into his hands. It extolled

l(ltrttshchev as the "saviour" of Communism. The farce which Marshal Bul-

ganin must help to sustain will in all probability come to an end one of these days with the assumption of the appearance as well as the practicalities of the Premier's office by him who already is the architect as well as the administrator of policv. Doubtless, Mr. Bulganin un- derstands this well enough. liis ser- vile attitude lies in the hope that when that day 90'"95 he will be allowed to retire to c0mlt3Y8llV9 peace and not forced into if1fl0ml'l' ious exnep as would be the case if he were bold enough to stand up for his rights.

EDITORIAL NOTES

A spokesman for Outer lllongolia says he expects his country to be admitted to the United Nations this fall. That ought to step things up a bill

O

This year's crop production in the United States is expected to be the smallest since iflfti. One reason for this is the bad weather which seems to have been almost universal this year. in the American farm belts conditions have been par- ticularly bad--heavy floods in sortie

areas and heavy d r 0 u g it t s in others. 0 O C Experts at the International

l'oliomyelitis ('onfercnce in Geneva were told that the chief concern of medical science in the future- must be in the field of rehabilitation. "I hope," said Dr. James L. Wilson of the linivcrsity of Michigan. "that we can emphasize not only the tech- niques of life saving but those of making the life that is saved worth- while and useful." 0 C Anglican Bishops in South Africa have advised their people of both races to ignore the Government's regulation forbidding Negroes to at- tend church services in white an-as. The obsetvance of civil law is n Christian precept. But them we times-and evidently church leaders in South Africa believe that this is one of them-when it must be dis- pensed with in favour of Christian justice.

A movement is on foot in the United States to set up uniform chemical tests for drunken drivirli and uniform procedures for handling traffic offenders throughout the nation. Under the pmwled Pl!" "'9 uniform statute would make .154: alcoholic content prlma fttcie evi- dence it Intoxication. A concentra- tion of .w',6 to .15h VG!” 59 relevant testimony. Less than ..t'i50b would DI evidence Ininst intoxi-

h 4

'FRANKLY, I FIND IT A BIT UNCOMFORTABLE!"

Candid Criticism in China

Rv .lnltn Roderick Associated Press. Hong Kong

'l'ln-res an old (iltiite.-e saying:

"Bitter ntedti-inc is good for disease. and sincere reproofs. though grating on the ear. are good for ('oudti('l."

The Communist rulers of (Tlima today are plagued by an illness. The ntasscs lack confidence in the leaders.

Red cltatrtitait Xian 'l'se - lung himself has pl'cscrlh('d the bitter

pill which might check the dis- ease. it is criticism, sharp and treni-haul. of the' Communist party.

Mao oiitliitcd the conflicts-he called lll('flt contradictions - and laid down a course of action in I secret speech to party chiefs last Feb. 27. only recently made pub-

hr. in it he made these two state- ments: "We are confronted by two

types of social contradictions cottlivtdictious between ourselves and the enemy and contradictions If'll0llK the people."

A d

. fl

"Let all flowers bloom. let I hundred schools of thought cun- tend "

FREE TO FRITICIZE

('t'ltt-tstn started slowly. The critics had to he urged and coaxed. Party leaders had to as- sure tlteitt they would not be pun- islted for their views.

This is I nation beset with eco- nomic troubles. titill aching from

the effort to contort itself from near - feudalism to socialism. Fltmfls. drought and I disastrous .

19.36 iyplttmn laid waste millions of acres of land and brought suf- fcrniz in 70.tlil0.000 people.

The campaign soon reached the universities. labor organizations and the armed forces.

General Tan Chcng. director of the general political departnten the general polticnl department of the Chinese People's Demo- cratic Army. called I forum of army soldiers and officer: and pointed out that there were two ''i-onlradlction.s'' -- the first be- tween the officers and men. and the second between the Army Ind the people.

One of the sources of unhappy relations between the army and the population. he said. lay in the fact that officers were wooing and winning the ladies in some areas. to the chagrin of the tnwnsmen. lie laid down three stern rules: it! Don't take girl: nut of school to marry, i2i Don't use your Rrcater income to and fat Donit interfere with other people's marriages.

MAO ASTONISIIED

Though he may have patcd outspoken criticism. ii is believed that thin himself watt it-toni-heti by the vchemencc and quantity of if Faced with I na- tionwide outcry against the in-

infiel-

tcntpt them .

cuinpeicnce. ll'l'O;,'iIn('E or dishon- esty of younger party members. he ordered recruiting for the Com- munist ranks hailed for 1957. With t2.ooo.ooo members. the Chnese party is the vl'0l'ld.l biggest.

As long as the criticisms-and within I short time they num- bered in the thousands - were directed at individual faults or methods of work, the well-oiled machinery Mao had set. in motion ran smoothly.

But then leading members of the eight non-Communist. minor parties spoke itp.

Three non-party ministers stuck their heads out so far they were in danger. at least figuratively. of having them topped off. They were Lo Lung-chi, minister of timber industry. Cttan Nat-cttl. minister of food. and Chang Po- chun. minister of ' lions.

QUESTION COMMUNIST RULE

All of them committed tho heresy of questioning the domi- nant position of the Communist party In Cltinl.

Besides this. be dared. directly. to crillciu Mao himself for the rIpld conversion of farms from privatI ownership to co - opera- tivcs.

Doughty old General Lung Yun hit another sensitive spot when he attacked Soviet Russia.

The Russiam. laid the former Yinman warlord. Ire more im- perialist than the United States. There was indignation when he

induslrill machinery it had pulled out of MInchuria II "war booty" It the end of the war. But his remarks were painstakingly re- ported in the Communist press. DENOUNCE IIERESIES

Soon after these candid criti- cisms. the party swung into Ic- tion. it did not move directly but through the very organizations to which the offenders belonged. Meetings of the minor parties throughout the country denounced the heresies of Lo. Chang. Chan Ind company.

The protest meeting: were fol- lowed by I Ieres of long editor- ials in the Peoples Daily which attacked the "rightltiis."

it said the criticism campaign would continue. but I line had to be drawn between those who were well-inlentioncii Ind wanted to help communism. Ind those who plotted to ovcrthrow it.

in believe that the goal of "telling all flowers bloom" is the prelim- inary Itcp to I thorough hmtse- clennlng of the Communist Itruc- lure.

Many persons regard the cam- paign II I sure sign of China's strength. even though many weak- i new-it In being uncovered.

France's New

Prime -Minister

From-I Information Ionic.-I

)lf.NlSTFR of National Defence in the Mollet cabinet from Jan- nary. I955 to Mny, I957. Maurice

Bourgcs-xlaitnnury. the new Pre- ,

micr of France. was trained in engineering. luv and political science and began his career Is In artillery officer. After playing I he- roic part In the Resistance. he on- tered polities following the litierr lion Ind has since held I tunn- ber of Important eIbtIet poms. He is In influential mImtIIr If the ltIdlcII socialist putty. MIur'u.-2 loin-gen - MIIIIII-y was born In August ll. IIII D Luisatu iEut-e-et-Lotrl. He holds I luv degree Ind is I grsdute If

the "Ecoie Llbrs den scimea Poiitiqucs". in ms. the enacted the "neat: "

Pslytetlllqn jschool of Artillery I&

ly I lieutenant in the-artillery. he was given command of I utter; in Eastern France in 193.

in Spain. he finally succeeded in ruching London It the begin- ning of 1943.

After receiving special tnining . M. Bourges-Maunoury was flown . secretly to France on September.

15. 1943. where he becnrne military

delegate for the region of the . Rhone Ind the Alps and.

Atirtl. ion. to import II mat. ions in Ft-Ince prior to the Allied IIIdlII in Normandy, returning a military delegate for the South- Irn ZIII when he tuned by purl- chwto arts: the night of In: 6-1.

"mt-inc cuter If

sullllested that Russia return the '

. bcr.

Yet observers here are inclined t

Tangled Webs

Manchester Guardian Eton the humble cobweb.

it seems. can serve the cause of scic iific progress. Reports front Swit- zerland describe how psychiatrists pfvestiguling the effects of drugs -

have obtained interesting results by administering iltem tp spiders.

The spinning of the web is nor- mally an operation of geometrical precision. and its various stages are ruled by seemingly immutI- ble laws. After the spiders have been drugged, however. all this is changed.

Marijuana. apparently. produc- es only I ntild irregularity in the shape of the webs. while a dose of morphine results in I complete disorganization of the standard pat- tern and a iieb that ll shapeless and fragmentary.

An important discovery iii that each drug given to the spiders produces tt distinct type of "ab- normal" web.

'A Mr. Ma rx'

London Observer

Under the vast. silent dome of the britlnh museum reading room thcrd were no scent-ti of festivity for the recent centenary of the room.

The bearded nld men shuffled as usual along the great distanco from A to D in the calnloguc. The books packed in baskets whiz- zed as usual down the spiral chutes to the waiting tichnlnrti.

The room is not mitch concern- ed with celebrities. The story is told of I prospective biographer of Karl Marx. who, some years ago. went tip to the oldest Intend- ant in the reading room and ask- ed him whether he remembered I funny bearded little man. who used to sit every day at C7.

After a hit of thought. the attend- ant tiaid: ”Ah. yes sir. i remem- A Mr. Marx it was. wasnit it'.' He came in every day like clockwork for years. and then one day he didn't come in. and no 0l't9.l ever heard of hill since."

. . Chotcest Chickens France Actiielle There are to be no further claims and arguments in France about where the world's best chick- en comes from. With all its mn- lcstic might the National Assem- bly has passed I law saying the choicest chickens are raised in the Bresse region of East-central France. .. . .. From now on. furthemmrc. no chicken on my menu or market in France may rightfully be called ”Poulet tie Bresse" except those raised within the t.2t'I0-squIre mile area once ruled by the Duke of

Burgundy.

This is the first time France has given its Iuthorintive nod. label and protection to I fowl. Previously. the French have given In official IppellItlon 'uIdemIr: name! to various wines. to cham-

pagne. to cognac. to roquefot Ind camcmbert cheeses.

These legalities. however. IV pat-enlly only carry weight in France. in the case of burgun- dies. ctinmpagnu. roqueforts Ind tnmcmberts. the French frct ov- cr U.S. Ind other foreign "preten- den" to these titles. in June 1946. then to tho National Assembly in November. 1946 Ind June. I951. Appointed secretary of State for the budget in the first schunun government till?-III). M. lounen-PIIIIIII-y MI subu- quently filled many cniget puts

Drug Firms Dig For Now Medicine

soumtuzs you tully Intro to dig for III nadlclul.

That in Iuctlif VIII nprIIII- tItivII of various II

In I510 world. la fact. one of the lust? dnu tnnnufacturcrs IIII some 1.- am uleunen. Pills hundreds of volunteer Ilnployu. collecttlll IDI1 IItnpleI II II unending Ieutli for uni! Intlbiotlu.

IIEIJIO CURB ILLS

The earth Ilrudy ins. yielded numerous tnedlcallremedies which when combined with mII'I scien- tific Ikills. have helped we the ills of in inhabitants.

The Iailblodc .Cl:loi-omycefln ll one example. Soil used in its dis- covery VIII South Ament.-.In.

Here is the wIy one phIrmI- eeutlcal house gets soil examples.

The salesman Ind other em- ployes collect Ioil from any spot. they .;l;ooge..I field. I backynni. in the midst of I forest. One gglegmjn " in the western Irea sent in I sample taken "from the fifth in It the Wsshoe Coun- try Golf Course" It Reno. Nevada.

Another cImI (mm the flower garden of I Bermuda hotel.

Most soil contains three classes of microscopic plants-molds. bac- teria and actinomyceles-and any- where from five to 20 species of each class.

At the laboratory these sanIPl95 Ire put through 3 font: process which includes two incubation per- iods and two phases of agitation on a shaking machine.

Each species is isolated. grown in test tubes and tested against various bacteria to determine its ability to inhibit growth of speci- fic types of bacteria. Less than I third prove active. Then follows chemical and biological investiga- tion.

TESTS ARE MADE

Tests are made on annuals and I year or longer is required to make certain the antibiotic will not adversely affect humans. Al- together. it may take three or four years to develop a new antibiotic Ifler the soil sample is received.

You never know which soil will .

produce I new medicine. .lta.VbP your backyard contains the cure for one of mankind": most dread- ed diseases.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

A.L.: What is the cause of an irregular heart beat?

Answer: A condition of this type may be due to nervousness or to certain diseases Iffccting the helm muscle.

in cases of this kind an elec- trocardiogram Ind I careful ex- amination are necessary in order to establish the correct diagnosis.

haeaz fa

OLD FORGE

HI saw the sagging barn. vane awry.

Beside him on thI road he road For Sale.

lie ltenrd the turnpike traffic roar-

the

tug by

And hung his leather Iprnn on I nail.

lie saw I truck iinloadintl August hay

(in: final time before they sold lhI Ihop.

And in I sudden memory

tlray.

The leaning ltnruti and the boy on top.

The meadow walling harvest not

yet in And bright with heat and loud with ttusty birds. He saw himself grown older. dumb with din of forge Ind anvil Iii ho shod his herds. And filed Ind oiled tho hooves; and then unbent And him: his apron where It It- . ways went. Ethan Ayer in the New York Times

OUR YESTERDAYS

From thI Guardian Files TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (July it. I012)

The first gt-nernl meeting of the Prince of Wales College Alum- ni Society was held yesterday It- ternoon in the hall of the annex to the City Buildi . The Presi- dent. Mr. C.H.B. lxmgworth. pre- sided. Hon. Dr. W.J.P. MacMil- lan tommended the society on its efforts to obtain I library through the carnegie Foundation. and on the interest it had shown in the new college.

Mr. R.S. Snnwtnll. Chairman of the Electric Light Committee of the Chatliam. N.B.. town l'!fllll- cil. paid I visit to the Summer- Iide Electric Light Plant yester- day. Mr. Snowball slated thIt CttItttIm wns considering making I change in their lighting system Ind he had been instructed by the Council to look over the Summer- tilde plnnt since they had heard ttut it was giving great IItiIfIe-