" children during the coining term.

, niovcd, districts will be more generous in

P

PAGE FOUR

THE GUARDIAN

Iursslrsn Dolly (Fliulllod In 155'!) Authorized uo tllconii Clone Mall, Pool Olfleo Department, Ottawa. ‘ ‘Ilsa Inland Guardian Pablhhlfl! Co. ' Billie! and Hanging Director, J. B. Barn“;

Aelaelaln llslfyor, Irnnk Walker

' fTIie Strongest Menrary is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink.“

CIARLOTTETOWN, SATURDAY. JUNE 20. 106B

Warning lie Mussel Mud

‘Recently Agriculture Minister Gardiner,‘ in discussing the grant for reclamation of Maritime marshlands in the House of Commons. flt-‘lllllfled that the amount for Prince Edward Island would be smol-l, but added that the Government con- templated some form of compensatory‘ agricul- tural assistance to this Province. He instanced increased use of mussel-mud for ferlilllef l?! 0" of the projects he had in mind. _

Mr, Gardiner had probably been reading the reports of the last session of our Provincial Legis- lature, in which this subject was discussed at considerable length. lt is problematical, how- ever, to say the least, whether the return to use of mussel-mud as fertilizer on an extensive scale would be of much material benefit to our farm- ers. i

ln this connection it is worth recalling the findings of a Royal Commission of Conservation, headed by the Hon. Clifford Sifton, which re- ported to Parliament in the year l9ll- Tllii commission found that of all the causes leading to the decline in our oyster fisheries, "it is the mud-diggers that take the palm as agents_of destruction. When winter comes and the ice forms, great power digging machines can be seen dotting the ice over the oyster beds. The farmers consider that the mud and oyster. shells, with their large percentage of lime, are valuable as fertilizer for the land and every winter these machines cut the oyster beds to pieces and suffo- cate all the oysters round about by the deposits of mud that settle down. . . . These conditions have since been remedied, in part at least, bl! legislation; but restrictive measures were adopt- ed with such slowness that extensive damage has been done which is irreparable."

The report notes that "this evil has been particularly evident in Prince Edward island and it is extremely doubtful, in the case of the sandy loam of that Province, whether the fertilizer of mud and decomposing oyster shells has all the virtues ascribed to it by the farmers. The caus- tic action of the lime destroys the rich vegetable humus, an especially necessary constituent in light soils."

' The Commission of l9li goes on to quote Dr. Cyril G. Hopkins, one of the most eminent agricultural authorities on agriculture in the United States, as saying: "This use of lime on o soil which is already deficient in nitrogen or other plant food, only serves to still further ex- haust the soil of its meagre supply of these ele- ments. Without a doubt, this is the most com- mon condition and the most common effect of the continued use of caustic lime. lt is true that the immediate effect is usually somewhat in- creased crops, but it should be borne in mind that when a farmer pays out money for lime to beused for this purpose, he is purchasing a

stimulant which will ultimately leave his land in‘

worse condition than before, especially in the loss of nitrogen and organic matter.“

lt may be that we can now find good use For our mussel-mud resources, and without dam- age to our oyster industry. But before embark- ing on an extensive programme such as Mr. Gar- diner appears to have had in mind, it would be well to consider whether there are not more serv- iceable ways of improving agriculture in this ‘Province with Federal assistance.

Annual School Meetings

On Tuesday, June 29, the annual school meetings are to be held throughout the rural communities of the Province. These meetings are extremely important, for upon them and the action taken thereat depends to a great extent the school service which will be provided the As emphas- ized in a circular issued by the Department gf Education, among the several duties of the vot- ers at these meetings three are of outstand-ing significance. These are: the election of trustees who will realize their relponsibility to the chil- dren of the district, and will endeavor to dis- charge it efficiently and well; the provision of sufficient funds to ensure that the school and its surroundings will be clean, comfortable and rea- sonably weil equipped; the provision of adequate supplement to enable the trustees to secure or retain the services of competent teachers.

ln many districts the increased supplements voted last year were instrumental ‘in enabling the districts to secure properly qualified teach- ers. Districts unable to make proper provision because of the small amount of taxable property, and districts unwilling to provide adequately for their schools, had great difficulty in maintain- ing any kind of school service. Although, for the coining year, the Department again faces a teacher shortage, it is hoped that with the dis- tricts voting generously, the Government paying considerably higher salaries and coritinying the payment of duplicate supplements, the situation may be improved and, for the‘ future, larger num- bars of more capable young people may be in-

r ‘ducod to enter the teaching profession.

Districts are advised to lose no time in rc- cngaging or engaging qualified teachers. The

' Minister of Education has expressed the hope

that since the provincial land tax has been ra- provid- ing for teachers‘ supplements and school im-

'_ proveincnls generally. a

it is, hoped that all the meetings next weqli

i will be largely attended by oer rural citizens of

‘moth sues. This ls ‘the first and most im- stop ensuring educational irri-

-- EDITORIAL NOTES-

ii

One day more till the Plebiscito. Tomorrow the Fifth Sunday after Trinity.

The next big convention here will be the Lumbermen who will be with us Tuesday and Wednesday.

I I i I

The expected has happened in two instances on Friday, -the G. C. F. were returned for a sec- ond term in Saskatchewan, and Governor Dewey was chosen Republican nominee for U. S. Presi- dential election in November.

I I I I

Prince Edward island has been getting con- silerable favorable publicity at Ottawa during the dying days of the House. Our representa- tives are of different political stripe but usually remember that they are Islanders, first, fore- most and most of the time.

i is t I

The Legion's "Get-out-ond-vote" campaign is a real contribution to the success of the Plebiscite. Unless voters turn up at the polls in very large numbers the result cannot reflect the wishes of the majority and will mean only so much wasted money and effort.

l Q O l‘

The pacifists are coming out in the open again, at least in the United States. After weakening the Western world and encouraging the ambitions of dictators until war resulted one would think that they had learned their les- son.

I O I I

Much dissatisfaction is still being expressed over the policy of leaving an overall freight rate enquiry to the Board of Transport Commission- ers. The various provincial governments take the stand that as it is questions of policy that are to be decided a Royal Commission should be op- pointed to make the necessary recommendations.

i‘ I I I

A million-and-a-quarter is alleged to be provided in the Federal Estimates for expendi- ture in this Province. This is a mistake. A mil- lion of it is to connect the mainland with the ls-land, and rightly is a Federal outlay provided for in our Confederation agreement. The cost of the Car Ferry and its ports’ up-keep is debited to Canadian consolidated fund.

I Q O Q

When General Lucius Clay, U. S. Military Governor in Berlin, declares the Russians "can- not drive us out by any action short of wor," it is ominous and makes one "furiously to think." To this must be added Defence Minister Claxton's statement that Russian conduct hos made de- fence a matter of major Canadian Government oalicy. The Dominica's three regular forces will be recruited beyond the present target of 42,000.

i I I Q

Charlottetown's police force, and in fact all police on the island, have escaped the tendency elsewhere to constitute themselves, policman, judge and executioner. There have been sev- eral coses recently in the central provinces of policemen shooting down criminals ' escaping after relatively minor offences. A policeman is armed, if at all, for self defence. His weapons are not supposed to menace lives, not even those of lawbreakers. I I I O

The United Nations Charter signed this date, i945. The U. N. is successor to the un- fortunate League of Nations which came o crop- per over the question of the application of "sanctions" in the case of would-be belligerent nations. The U. N. is doing good work, but is largely handicapped by the apposition attitude of U. S. S. R. and associate Communist nations. lt is now trying its utmost to settle the Palestine and Berlin situations, the outcome of which will more or less decide the fate of the U.N. itself.

nursin-

Politics make strange bedifellows, and like- wise provides odd infantile instructors. Those vastly dissimilar men, Prime Minister Clement» A. Attlee. and wartime Prime Minister Winston Churchill came under the influence of the same governess when they were boys, it was disclosed in "Clement Attlee: an Interim Biography," writ- ten by Roy Jenkins, Labor Member of Parlia- ment. This governess, a Miss Hutchinson, found Wiifston extremely strong-willed but she gave no opinion of her subsequent charge, Atfiee. Young Attlee, son of a lawyer, did not go to school until he was nine but was taught at home by his mother and a succession of governesses. At Haileybury College, an English public school, Attlee was one of 72 boys thrashed by the headmaster for absenting themselves from classes and staging a demonstration upon the Relief of Lodysmith in the Boer War. Attlee become a Socialist after a visit to a boy's club in the East End of London, but Jenkins writes "there was nothing of the professional rebel about him."

O I I O

The technical language and terms used by bureaucrats in answering correspondence, may not be intended to mystify recipients, but fre- quently they do. A typical example is given in the U. S. Plumbing and Heating Journal. A plumbgr recently wrote to the bureau of stand- ards in Washington stating that he had found hydrochloric acid good for cleaning clogged drains. The bureau wrote him: "The efficacy of hydrochloric acid is quite indisputable but the corrosive residue is incompatible with metallic permanence." The plumber was pleased and rc- plied that he was glad the bureau agreed. The bureau vgote again: "Ws cannot assume rc- sponsibillty for the production of toxic and noxious lllidillJllfll hydrochloric acid and oug- gest that you use an alternative procedure." This pleased the plumber, who wrote thanking the bureau for naming with him. The bureau finally

-ilotes By The flay- '

Ives-y family free producc some sup. --- Brandon Sun.

No matter who! the eat-holi- or bee! —t.he price in apparently go- ing up. - M Gethsrfnes Shand- nrel.

early history. about. which so llzcle ls known, were the 1ull.s. when cv- eryone was eating regularly. ~86- monlion Journal.

Psychologist) soy bnblec can show intelligence at. the age of four weeks. 5o if. may not be wlna on the stomach which makes them look so disgusted. - Brandon Sun.

A young author sent s. mona- scrlpt. to an editor with a letter in which he stated. “The characters in this story are purely fictional "and bee: no resemblance to any persons, llvlrig or dead." A few clays later he received his manu- scrlpl; with the pencllled notation: “Thai/s what's wrong with it." -- Readerb Digest.

!UIIDIIII an _ ‘ appeal from the Canadian government, 10,000 tone of Australian scrap steel are lo be sent Lo Canada. The sale will relieve a definite shortage m Canada and supply Australia with dollars. There have been inquiries lb0lll. Australian steel plates and sheets for Canada. Australian ex- ports to North American countries are on blip increase and for the first nine months of this financial year were valued at. $96,000,000. - Auetrallun News.

_-___

It lo true that athletic: ln the school can be overdone. but. it. ls also true that all work and no play ls good for neither Jack nor school boy. and" the indulgence in sihiei. foe in moderation ous-ht to build up the physical body to ouch an extent. that: the mind of the boy in good physical condition will ‘ave able to grasp the studies than that of the youth who pick wearlly s- lang without. any variations in sports or other physical exercise. - Otietham Naive.

i1

Now tobacco ls taking centre staegc in the big world play pro- du ed by major powers. It ls Or- iental tobacco produced by Tur- key end Greece for export. The crop lo u primary Pftlducfdon in the bwo countries, e particularly vital part. of their economies, Thus there hiss always been keen rlvalzy between Greece and Turkey in world markets, a rivalry extending into the diplomatic field. Inasmuch as the United States and Great. Britain have gone to great. lengths to protect the two Eastern Mcdl terraneim nations from Commun- lst invasion, there 1s no surprise attached to the moves of Russia to upset. the tobacco carts. inner. of all, the Soviet bought. up all the same kind of tobacco grown in Bulgaria. This was mixed wlglz the Russian Black Sea tobacco and dumped on consignment in t-li: United States. As a result, Lin: market. price was lowered for the Turks and the Greeks and the us- mahd was reduced. At. the end of the 1947 season. the two counulcs hail s sin-plus of about. 200.000 toils. and a world demand of only 100,000 The next Soviet. move is g receiis. The Russians are pressing a deal with the Turks to buy up their sur- plus. The elm is said lo be invofcla: to woo Turkey closer lo the So- viet. Union and farther from the United States, and to stir up a new rift between Greece and TUYKB)'.— Fort. William ‘Dimes-Journal.

A Srltnn who became s Zulu klnglet. la to be honored by hav- ing his "llfe" written. He ls, or was. John Dunn, who went. W6 W South Africa. some Bil-odd years ego and settled in Zululand, where he adapted the native made of lite and acquired great influence a- mong his swisrthy nelEhDQT-i- U935 wayo thought. much of him, anu 0O did sir Garnet. Wolseley, who, al- ter the Zulu War, secured his ap- pointment as one of the 13 "knig- lebs" to control the urea. All wen‘. well until Dunn died. Like the Ab- senb-Mlnded Beacon he "left e w! o’ little things behind him." The? emerged tn the formidable strobe of n family 0f 79 children. Wh° could not. agree among themselves how father's properly should be all- vidqd among them. The difficulty was increased. as some of them bod adopted the European man- ner of living and were no longer willing to be regarded as naulvrk- Finally the government. arranged that. the members of this hail! family should each be allotted ale-a of foo acres in. a reserved urea. but the natives who were asked w "move on" in order to make way for the Dunn children got annoy- ed, and another bill had to be 1H- Lrocliiccd lnw the Home of Assam- ly no get. the matter settled. The

m; case, in fact, out-Mormoned Mormon. It lo loo much lo ‘nope that; the forthcoming "llle" will contain a“ f3," lltfiliffi- —M@"‘

or an.

cheater 4

The battle of the 110W"! ll l"! la deadly earnest in the south- western section of Saskatchewan and farmers are engaged ln an ell- oul: attack on the item- Th9 If" where there was arm! frllll" v1’ low Yield lust- yur. berm-r o! 11* of moisture. was known to be heav- ily infested with 110D!!!‘ 9888 ll"- thls Spring the conditions have been highly favorable for the ‘ho;- pere. They are still small and iii. the aartlcillsrly greedy stole 40f the Juicy, tender 7W!!! lfllfl- PM" of poisoned our m ruins meld by the formers. who m conforms every vehicle they can press lnuo service to haul thebnlt. from one

wrote him: "Don't use the hydrochloric acid. lt eats hell out of the pipes." »

nloipslltles in the badly infest-ed

Probably time blank spots in,

mixing stations set up by "I6 PM!‘ or

PUBLIC r-FDRUM

This column to. opus to dents of questions of Interest ‘Ilse Charlottetown Gunilla ' does not. aeoesoarlly undone the opinion of correspond- ellfe.

‘TIACIIII TRAINING BUNGLID

Sin-In recent letters to you, the following facts have been estab- lished: . "'

That. there lo la f-hls Province an utter lock of s uniform method of school teaching. That this ll caused by the failure of the Dc- partment of Education to give the beeches-s any guidance or effective supervision.

The: lb causes pisplls to become confused and discouraged, to dls- continue isttendinz wchools, thus destroying noble ambitions and hopes. 'I‘tiuf.,lt. causes parents to become vexed and disappointed, teachers to become annoyed and discontinue teaching. Trustees and ratepayers to become frustrated and indifferent.

That. the proposed plan of the Department to employ six teacher- assletenbe will be futile and will

valved.

That s simple, lxiexpenslvenrorlr- able and effective method of Leacher guidance could be provided by mailing printed instructions to the teachers of. regular intervals and that it ls the duty of the De- partment to provide such gutdoncr also effective supervision.

However, when the Department has failed in this duty for the wel- fare of our children, of our Pro vlnce and of our country, lt. 1e lo be hoped that. interested citizens will. sf. every opportunity, discuss this urgent. problem with others, bring it. to the attention of Clubs, Institutes and Societies and finally. that: these citizens end groups will make their convictions known lie the Department of Education ln no uncertain terms, because then, and not until then. will if. provide guidance and supervision la e. practical mszmer.

In other words. ere the people going to continue to alt idly by while so many children ere de- prived o! an opportunity to re- ceive an education by the condit- ions cited, or ere they going t/o de- mend thst the much-needed cor- rections be made before the begin- ning of another school term?

I um. 8ft. elm "PARENT."

TIDE! AND WHEAT

Sin-In your Saturday feature. "The Educational Horizon", re- cently there was a keen article on “Tldes"-—-t.he alternate rising and falling of the water in the oceans —which reminded ithls farm read- er of the steady tides of cereal grains from the world's fields each year. In terms of wheat, for ex- ample, I saw a table indicating the overall production c-l wheat for all countries between the years 1923- 1938. The wheat-sown area lied moved steadily forward from 281.8 million acres in the fora-tier year to 358.7 million acres in the lat-tor; but, despite regional and local "crop failures" and “bumper yields" the average yield per acre held stubbornly at. an overall figure of between 13% and 14% bushels per acre. 'I‘here was no sign in this world picture of the Jittery price- levels across those some years, ranging from $1.45 to the depres- sion figure of $0.3’! to the farmer. On the other hand, neither was there the slightest deflection in those "cereal tides" of the seasonal vacations in the crop yields of the various countries.

A student's reaction to the above statistical scene seemed to blend interestingly into your wrlterls story on "Tides". with the follow- ing quotations from the writings of Emerson: (a)—"'1‘he seven seas are all one see and, truly seen, their tides are one"; (bl-"Paalflc deep and Himalayan height, nlllce, are lost: in the majestic curve of the globe".

My own reaction to "the steady tides of wheat. from year to year", is shag the international federat- ion of the world's formers are on the right track in. their elm to "harness the price structure" at: fair levels to all concerned. So. ln the circumstances, I would like to record one reader's dlsa poinlmehi. at the action of the Un ted States Senate the other day in addourn- lng without; ratifying an accord which had been duly signed by 36 nations, It opposite sides of‘ this cereal counter. This may seem to be smart "politics" st. the moment, but the seubtllrig of this muimgt. erol wheat. peel. seems‘ to have pleased Argentina and the leaders ln the Kremlin, and this le is fol: enough sign, to me. that the ect- loh ls to be deplored]

I ism, Blr, ole,

BTUDINI‘.

u%%

ovens-onus '

I hosed a bird st. break of day Bing from the autumn trees

A eon: no mystical and coin, Bo-full of eertllnhlel,

No aim, I think, could listen long Except. upon hli knees.

Yet. this was but. s slsnple bird, Alone, among mu trolls-