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Morning Daily (Founded in i801) Aathoriaed as Second Clau Mall. Poet Olfiea Department. Ottawa

President: Liunt. Col. W. Chute:- 8. Mel-are Vice-President: J. B. Barnett, IJ-L Secretary: lient CoL D. A MaeKianen. 0.5.0. litter and Managing Director: J B. Burnett, IJJ. Associate Editors: Frank Walker and Ian A. Burnett

The Guardian may be obtained at: Nab Tobacco Shop, Moor-Ion. N.‘ l. The News Shop, Monet-in, N. B. George McLean, Pit-ton N. S.

Walker's White Spot. l1 Salter St.. Halifax, N.S. Metropolitan News Agency, ill! Peel 8t... Montreal. United Cigar Stores. Chateau Lanrier, Ottawa Ont.

l. Altken, Lord Elgink Hotel. Ottawa. Ont.

J. Fine. 354 Bay SL, Toronto. Ont. Wolfe's News Stand, Sudhnry. Ont.

Old South Newl. Cor. Milk and Washington Sta.

Boston llfillllllg’: News Agency, Times Billldin , New York.

“The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink."

TUESDAY. FEBRUARY 19. 1m

Farmers In Session

'8 Elle recent convention of the C1} Ndcratioii of Agriculture i: \\';'.S suggested that Canada should establish a ' Farmers’ Day." This Province can boast of having an annual “Farm- crs‘ lVeck", and their three-day sessions this ycar, which siart today iiuth an export bacon sliow and which include annual meetings of the Dairy and Sheep Breeders’ Associations, the Farmers’ Institute and Federation of Agricul- ture, should l-e productive of much good. Our citizens alivaye deem it a privilege to welcome farm dclcgatcs at these sessions. and all will hope that their slay in Charloretoivn will prove pleasurable as well as profitable.

Too M uch Secrecy

The people of Canada, says the Winnipq Free Press, will view with inisgiving the offi- cial decision to hear the tariff views of Can- adian industries in secret. Interests conccm- ed in the revision of the tariff have been asked to submit their representations immediately so that the government may take them into ac- count when framing a policy to be 5ubmiflgd to an international conference in the summer. The views of all industries on the tariff are a matter of such vital public concern — affect- ing as they do the cost of nearly everything the consumer buys-that they should not be hid- den.

The value of open discussion in these high- ly complex platters has been too vividly dem- onstrated in Canada lately to be ignored now. Last autumn, without any public discussion whatever, the King Government asked Par- liament to put a heavy protective dtuty on steel tubes and cloaked this strange demarche in tar- iff policy in the budget announcement that no significant tariff changes wcie proposed. It took some davs for the public, the press and Parliament to rcalize what was happening —— s direct repudiation of the tariff reduction pol- icy which the Government had been advocat- ing at international confcrcnces for years. The protest of the public, through Parliament, soon forced the Government to withdraw this fur- tive attempt.

As this incident demonstrated, the pres- sure of public opinion can prevent the Govern- ment falling into errors which arise out of sec- ret and one-sided discussion. To some of the briefs now being submitted by protected in- dustries public opinion will be able to make an effective answer which will greatly aid the Government in the international trade confer- ence and iii the ensuing business of imple- manting its decisions.

The Rich Get Richer

When Premier Jones returned from Ottawa-

expressing dissatisfaction with Federal pro- posals at the Dominion-Provincial Conference he no doubt had ir. mind that the question of fiscal need, in the sense in ivliich it was treated in the Sirois Commission report, cuts no figure in the agreement which is taking form in the present negotiations.

The Sirois Culmiiission regarded the in- equality that grciv up iii bciwecn the prov- inces as the fundamental problem of our Fed- cral system. To solve this problem the Com- mission f0C'Ill!l\|t'll(l(‘(l the creation of a “Fin- ance Conmiissioir which WUlllfI examine the af- fairs of each irroviiicc zurl f2C0l1111.€l1(I grants to be paid by the Dominion government on the basis of fiscal need. The raport referred to this ncommcudvuion (page 273) in these words: “'l‘l1e Coinmissrr-n looks on this as its primary achievement. it is convinced that this funda- mental problem must be faced and has not been able to discover any alternative wziy in which it could be solved."

At the present conference the original Dom- inion proposals were based upon equal per cap- ita grants io.all the provinces of $12 per head. This was the identical sys'em adopted in 1867 only tliattlic rule had been raised from 8o cents to $12. Bu: the Dominion now hinged the $12 to the national income of 1941. The subsidies would never be less than $12, but as the national income rose the rate would rise in exact pro- portion.

The equal pcr capita system wad rejected by the Sirois commission on every count. The ‘reference will be found n! 1182!! I257-

‘In defense of the Dominion proposals it is argued that the per capita principle reflects fiscal need mme than would any other policy based upon eniial treatment of the provinces. The Dominion. apparently was not willing to depart from the principle of equality. More- over the hingitzg of the rate to the natiorihl in- come introduced a degree of flexibility against future prlcerirci. I

Qflotingltheee points in e series of articles in the Winning Free Pres: (Liberal) Mr.‘

\

“All this mil-Y be so, but in effect the kind of agreement new In view, however fair it is to the less fortunate provincei, 2a extravagantly gen- erous to the wealthier provinces. What is hap- pening is tliat the relative position of the prov- inces——which it was the chief purpose of the Sirois COHIITIISSIOII to alter-is being maintain- ed. The rungs remain fixed. But the ladder is hoisted upwards.

“To change the metaphor, the less fortunate provinces are nr-iv to be floated off the rocks. But the stronger provinces will be swinging in a flood of money.

“Manitoba which got $8 millions succes- sion duty collections, is under the tax agree- ments, plus, 110W to get $118; Saskatchewan is up from $8.3 tr $13.7 millions; Nova Scotia from $4.2 to $9.9; New Brunswick from $4.8 to $7.5. There is no great extravagance here. "But how with the ivealtliicr provinces? “Quebec is 11p from $32.1 millions t0 $56.8 millions; Ontario frlin $44 to $542 mil- lions; British Columbia from $142 l0 $13-1-

"Onlaiiu, at one great civalloiv. is to receive a greater increase than Saskatchewan, Mani- toba, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia com- bined. Indeed. Prince Edward Island could be included and there would still be a substantial surplus. Quebec does eveii better than Ontario. “It may be said that Ontario's population, or Quebcds is greater than that of the five other provinces put together. But the wealth of Ontario-derived in substantial part from the production of the other provinces-is much greater and the need for subsidies is corre- spondingly less."

FEDITORIAL NOTES-

Boy Scout and Girl Guides did themselves PTOud on Sunday at the inaugural of this week, specially set aside in their interests.

It! i i‘ ‘I

Tit-for-tat. The Allits revealed the fifth column actions of the Axis in the Argentine, and no doubt what remains 0f the Axis had 3 Zrcat deal to do with the unveiling 0f similar underhand work in connection with the Allies in their own bailiwick. X i U i _ Georg Braiides, Danish literary critic, died this date 192,-’; he established a European repu- tation by brilliant critical writings, including studies of Shakespeare, Ibsen, Anatole France; ‘among lllS work of high _mcrit is Main Streams m NIflEfUEYtf/l Century Literature; his published \\'01'ks consist of 33 volumes, including The W orld W or, Voltaire, and Caesar. a m. e -

" That unusuanlly well-informed contributor of Country Life to the Spectator, London, Sir W. Beach Thomas, has this interesting sidclighi on bats and fireflies: “Ir, regard to the bats. perhaps insufficient stress is laid on the recent discovery mat they are the first inventors of a radar apparatus, in which is probably to be found their quite astounding skill in avoiding wires or what not and perhaps in locating their prey, How many animals have anticipated scientific dis- °°_"°Y¥ ? The P-‘efb’. for example. still leads the scientist by a long interval in the art of produc- ing light ivithoul lkwasting power on heat."

I 1F I

Britain will probably have to ration bread for the first time in history. The U. S. must either withdraw from efforts to aid other na- tions or ration meat. South American coun- tries, forced by U. S. opinion unwillingly to continue contributions to UNRRA, have, in inost cases, a standard of food consumption about one-half of that which UNRRA is try- ing to establish in liberated Europe. Russia is appallingly ur-dcrfed. India needs 90 million bushels of wheat imported this year, to avoid a worse famine than that of 1944. South Africa is suffering from serious drought Canada only has more than enough ‘for her needs.

I O

_ Despite many problems of seemingly great. er importance, Norwegians are avidly discussing the proposal to pin Easter Sunday down to a definite calendar date. Since the Council of Nicaea in 1520, ivhen the religious holiday was established as the first Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox, Easter has followerlthe moon back and forth across the calendar. The real reason for this inter- est among Norwegians hinges on the import- ance of the Easier holiday in that couniry where so much depends upon the vacation which accompanies it. Severe climatic conditions in Norway give stiecial significance to the tradi- tional Easter ski tour to the mountains which follows the dark northern winter. Dr. Karl Evang, Norwegian Health Doctor notes: “Thc date of Easter should be fixed at that point where we have the optimum climatic advant- ages: when a maximum of snow and sun will have the greatest remedial effect on bodies tired and worn out from a long, colJ, dark winter."

I i i I

Here is another extract from the contribu- tions of Sir W Beach Thomas that may have some bearing on the difficulty we experience in bringing our game birds through our long win- ters: "During the spells oi colder weather this winter I have been struck, not by the hunger 0f the birds, but their thirst. The poultry give re- markable evidence-at least in my experience —0f such thirst. After a frost I have watched the pullets hurry to the drinking cup even be- fore the food table when food and drink were supplied simultaneously. Different spedtl dOUbllCSS.dIlf€f greatly in this regard. It ll sometimes licld that grouse. natural inhabitants- of dry commons, can dispense with drinks for as long a period as camels which belong to the desert. Birds that support aconatant thirst. 0|" would say, are pigeons, blackgirda, sparrow-t. starlings, yellov-hammers and goldfinch. On the other hand, some birds apt-H’ l0 dfink 0" fl" very rarest occasions; and .n general the grain- eaters find theliselvea more often in need 0f l drink than ilie flesh-eaters. Among insect‘: the hive-bee Cllmfllll’! for water much more insist- ently than env other-rind how qulcldv it discov-

ers a supplvl When l fill a smell bird-bath with water-especially in early spring-it i| almost at once encircled by sipping been”

ministration of the u —I're1n lien

me cnaaiorrrrovuu GUARDIAN iv=:3\.-__-__m ._...-- -

Notes By 771a Way

‘i.

Alr would froeaa on the dark side of the moon. while mercury would boll on 11a sunny lidE. Or every bit as comfortable a1 a 75- eeni. tourist cabin. -8udb y Star.

Circulation of daily newspapers in Canada if now larger that the number of families 1n the Domin- lon. 5o much for predictions of a few years ago that the news- paper was on the way out-Brock- vllle itecorde

r and nines. .

A Mona-ea! pharmaceutical and food manufacturing lant 1s being moved to Nova otia Meyer Astroft, eneral manager ol the Topper harmacal company, an-

nounced the plant and upwards of G employees will start production 1n New Glasgow of a llne of pro- ducts including cod liver oil, cough syrup, liniments, tonlcs and ex- tracts, baked beans, soups and canned chicken. -Amherst News.

Radar gives every promise of solving the problems of Hudson Bay shi ing. Radar-equipped ships shoud be able to use the route longer each year. It reniains to be seen just how much longer but any extension of the season will benefit our western farmers. Be- sides lengthening the season In- surance rates for radar-equipped ships should he lowered subsum- t1 1 , so cutting shipping costs.- Regina LesdenPost.

The Canadian Pacific ltallway has signed a contract with a Glas- gow shipbuilding firm for the construction of two passenger steamshlgs for the triangular run on the aclflc coast. There nad been some hope at one time that when the Canadian Pacific came to build, Vancouver shipyards would have an o portunity to bid on the contract. ut there are good rea- sons why the Clyde was chosen. The Canadian Pacific has :1 very consltferable account aguinsi the Admiralty for ships lost while on war service and this uccoun: wlll. of course, be liquidated 1n sterling. It follows that the company has an obligation to place its order in the Old Country rather than 1n British Columbln. -- Vancouver Province.

A match between a British army football team and the Hamburg Sporting Club is reported as being not quite a roaring success except. in the sense that the German s ec- tnturs roared their dlsapprova of the British team and of the British referee. So seriously was this game taken that special military obser- vers were present to report on the game. Previous minor matches be- tween Brltisli and German teams had been the subject of intelli- gence reports which were also un- favorable. 1n modern conditions it appears that we can only play games with our allies 1f we pru- ceed with great caution, and we cannot play games with our enemies at all, Perha s the flnal proof of the UNO pu ding will have to be a mammoth football matcn in which the Big Three play the Rest. If s referee can be found and tlie game can be played tn a friendly conclusion 1t may be that the peace of the world ls at last secure. -— Manchester Guardian. '

There are three things in which the tourist is chii-tlv ‘interested. They are, a bed, a meal and clean surroundings. Of course there are other things he wants too, such as good roads, beautiful scenery, facilities for pleasant recreation. The Erovlnce has these other things in a undence although lt will be necessary to devote "ome attention to sections of the highways which have shown the effects of wartime traffic. But above s11, the tourist wlll insist on good beds in com- fortsbie cabins or hotels, good meal: and cleanliness. He will not be satisfied with unclean surround- ings an uncomfortable bed and poor meals, Some have expressed the oplnlon that the most Import- ant of all thesg considerations is the food. New Brunswick really ought to be famous for its meals because 1t has the produce from which they can be made, coming

from the sea, the farms and the gardens. — Moncton Transcript.

‘he required advance l-n indust- rial efficiency wlll call for large- scsle mechanical ‘ ent, to'l for a time almost as unremitting as during the war, and continued abstinence while the new founda- tions of prosperity are laid. foreign relations the need will be for every effort and initiative to work with other countries for the Progressive development of econom- c and social opportunities anil to- wards the common goal of expan- sion. International cooperation. which ls the aim and justlflcntlon of the Washington proposals, must reach far beyond the Atlantic com- munity most directly affected. The countries of the Commonwealth, the sterling area, Europe, th.» other Americas, and the East must equal- ly gain. and not lose, by any system of world trade. N0 protect can conceivably endure which does not provide the chance and Indeed some guarantee, of prosper-oils cm- loyment (or all the peoples. -'1“ne

imes, London.

- =1

Ileetfon of Mrs. If. Wynian Porter as Mayor of Kentvllle, Nova Sco- tia, marks an epoch 1n the history of the Marltlmes, for she is tli first woman ever chosen 1n there prcvlncorto take the post of chlef magistrate. Previously, she hiid served as a member nf Kenivlllefs civic body and 1t, 1| e tribute to her record as a councillor that Mrs. Porter received the elevation to the Mayor's chair by a more than two to one margin over her male o nent. And, incidentally, she a so comer to her new office with a family background In municipal politics for her father was Mayor of Sydney, Nova Scotla. for seven years. Mrs. Porter's election will furnish a stimulus to those pro

neiits of the feminine sex who

ave been advocating that women take a more prominent part 1n puhllc affairs. Already they farm part of the memberah an school, l welfare other mxed boards. in the Maritime: but In municipal

bodies their presence is few if any, except Mrs. Porter, at the present time. Not only during the war years but In the days of peace women have made a very worth- while contribution to the hiislnen industrial and social progress of their eoiin while several have been hoviore election to iorne of the grovinclsl legislatures and to the ou of Commons, and for we have been active

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and corn lex obleim, there 1| a definite p ace .' "iai".."..'.....°""".. .52’ trlbyutm in the direct on and ad-

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and for seierai years has been

turned m the United states and resumes work with the above men- tionsd law 111111 in March.

A later Rhodes Scholar was Rqddv Smltr n‘ Bummerslde. son of Dr. and Mrs Smith. who at that time W115 director of the Do- minion Experimental Fox Farm n!

st. Andrews N. 8.. and Fllerslie, P. E. 1.

o! its Political and Security 00m- mlttee on the setting 119 0! a 60m“ mission to make recommendation-i for the control and peaceful devel- opment of atomic energy.

In quiet yones, 1n contrast with the tremendous import. 0f We theme, Dr Dafronte. of Ecuador- presented the report- lfl the 535,511‘ bly Thai-i Mr. Byrnes, the United States Secretary of State. was call- ed to the rostrum to move its ed- optlon. He, too, spoke utetl and without any aptlem c at. r etor c He said: “In ii num er of countries. scientists were probing into field of atomic energy before the war started. The United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada decided pool their knowledge, and the United States at a cost $2.000,000,000, pressed forward with research and developments to en-

preserve freedom on should not. hi8 in tlhe cover the secret. of the atom. We entered this race not to destroy but to save civilization. But if the 134:9 continues uncontrolled. the civilization we hoped to save may

be destroyed.

“Tlhe problems presented by the discovery of atomc energy and of other forces capable of mass dee- tructlon cannot be sc-lved by any one nation. They are the common responsibility of all nations, And each of ue must do our part 1n meeting them. In meeting these problems we must realize that. in this atomic use and 1n this inter- dependent world oiur common 1n- terests 1n preservln the peace far outweigh any boss 1e conflict in interest that might divide us."

M. Modzeleviskl. leading the Po- lish delegation. suggested that. cer- tain obligations should be incorp- orated 1n the lawsof the manbers

discoveries 1n the domain of atomic energy would be mutually ex- bet/weeri the r

Then came Mr. Vyshlnskiy, the chief Russian delegate His short speech was made 1n Russian, ex- ce t. for two sentences at. the end

suit found a lucky solution of the prob- lcm, now submitted to the General Assembly as a draft resolution.

The measures outlined 1n the resolution expressed the sane and realistic n-ppffiwh 1n the present circumstances to the solution of the question of carrying out measures on the control of atccnlc energy. The Soviet delegation stated again that 1t supported the resolution and expressed the iwpe that it would be approved unanimously. Then. ralslni! his hand and break! lmgllsih. he ended. “This lrat. important act of the first, ef- forts c-f the United Nations to sec- ure peace and security in the world. Let this noble move achieve e true and complete success."

M. Peul-Boncour, speaking with all his old charm, gave the salute

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LANGUAGE OI‘ HAW 12w people in Hewett spec Hiwsltan as misllsti is the langu- age most widely used.

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of the United Nations, such as that.