' * idbl ,during its last Session,

monsoon’

its.

CllARLOTTETOWN,PRlNCE EDWARD ISLAND, TUESDAY, JANUARY20, 1852.

WINTER ARRANGEMENT OF MAILS.

HE DIAILS for the neighbouring Provincos, during the Win-

tsr, will bo made up at this Otlice every FRIDAY MORN-

ING ut Elovou o'clock, to be forwarded vis Cape Traverse and

Caps Torinsntiuo cornmencin on FRIDAY the 19th of Decetnbttr,

':a.sdtaut, and tho Mails for Bag and will be forwarded on that day, on

Friday 80th January, “ 18th February, and " 27th February. 'l‘lIO.\lAS OWEN. Posttitaster General. Gsusrsl Post Oflieo, Charlottetown, Dec. 0, 1851. The Mails from Nova Scotin will be due every Monday uiglit. (All the Papers.)

Coinmlssnrlnt. Notice to persons desirous of staking Remittances to Halifax. THE Cornmissarittt Olficcr in clinrge at this Station will receive into the Military Chi.-st, British Specie, or Dollars, for whit-.|t ho ill give Drafts, payable at sight, on the Military Chest at Halifax. ROBERT RO0'l‘lI, Dep. A. Coin. Gen.

Charlottetown, Jun. 5, I852.

LEGISLATIVE LIBRARY, ERSONS huvirtg BOOKS in their possession bt-longing to tho I.IGllI.A'l‘lVI: Liuitaitv, tuo Itetoby particularly request- ed to return tlte same forthwith, especially those taken previous to

to the lat instant. I II. IV. LOBBAN, I.il.truriiin.

5th January, I852.

NOTICE.

ALF Lot Number 26, tlte property of Messrs. 'l‘iioassoN's, H of Belfast, Ireland. Notice is hereby given, that any person fnandtrespassiiig in an way upon the unlettscd property of the above Gentlemen, will be prosecuted to the utmost rigour of the

law, without distinction. J. R. BOURKE, Agent, January 13, 1552.

s 1 ' '

Charlottetown Mutual Fire lniirancc lompiny.

OTICE is hereby given, that the Annunl (lent.-nil Meeting of

the above Company, for the up intmetit of Officers for the

'cut'rsnt ear, and other urpoocs, will tu e place at the Town Hall,

on FRIDAY EVENIN , the 28d day of January instant, at 7 o'clock.

By Order of the Directors, HENRY l’Al.\ll-Ill, Secretary 6; Treasurer. Socretar ’s Olfics, Kent Street, l2t January, I852.

To the Tenants on Lots 9 Gt. 6!.

HE Subscriber having, by Power of Attorney, dated the 6th ‘ du of March, 1851, been a pointed Agent to take charge of LOTS 9 6|, in this Island, the roperty of Lawrcncs Sulivan Esq., notifiss the Tenants on those Townships, that all rents, and Arrears of Rest, due on the said Property, are required to ' to hint forthwith, ho alouo boing authorized to receive the same.

JAMES YEO. Port Hill, April 9, I851.

Ll. persons having any legal demands against the Estate o A. Jasals M‘DorsAi..n, lats of Georgetown, Esquire. deceased, are requested to furnish the same duly attested to lllr. Andrew J. .M‘DonaId, of Georgetown, within Six cnlendur months; and all persons indebted to the mid Estate are requested to make imtttcdinte payment of their respective Accounts, Promissory Notes, &c., &c.,

to Mr. A. hl‘Donsld. E. TIIORNTON, . M.-\ll'l‘lN BYRNE, gilxecutois. DANIEL BRENAN, Gsorgetowu, 8lst 0ctr., IBM.

R. B. IRVING, NOTARY PUBLIC, COJVVEY./1.NC1-IR, And Public Accountant :

Oflice,—Hon. Jlfr. Lord’: Commercial Buildings, Donci-ii:s'rs:it S-nut:-r.

Deeds of Conveyance of all descriptions, of l.eitssboltl rind |-‘pg. old Fstnte, including Assignments, Mort nges, &c., Letters o Attorne , Ilonds. Indentures of Apprenticcsliip, llills of Sule,Cltnr- tor Parties, Atbitrntion Ilontls und Awnrds, Petitions, 6Lc., prepar- cd with accuracy and desputch; zllcr-.-hunts‘ Books, l’nrtnership und other complicated Accounts, &c., arranged and balanced, at me- dorute charges.

Charlottetown, 0th December, 185i.

3

Council. Orricis, June 19, 1851.

HERE.-IS application has been made to His Excellency the W Lieutenant Governor in Council, to close that part of an old Road commencing at the East side of Joseph Al]lcck's Farm, on Township No. 85, and running there frotn to the Main Road, acrou Frsuch Fort Settlement. Notice is hereby given, that the iaid Rood, so far as it runs through the above mentioned Lands, will be closed at the aspiration of six months front this drtte, unless sulhciont cause be shown to t o contrary, in the terms of the Act of

I . 4 C . 88. W” l ‘P CHARLES DESBRISAF, C. C.

To 'l_'cnsntry residing on portions ot"I‘own- ships 31, 40, 53, 5'7, 58, 59. 60 and 62.

N0'I‘ICE—'I‘hat a majority of the present Ilouse of As- ~ passed an Act, which deter- that I Ruivrs due in this Colony, shall henceforth be paid ctsrrsuf sionsy. I do, therefore, hereby Notify Tenuiits residin on the various Townships undor m management, tltut all Rents an Taxes must hcrsuher be liquidat in Money, as it becomes due. or (J will bsrigidly snforcsd; sud also, that no excuses will in future bsreceivod for its nonpayment; or indulgsuco be permitted then: as formerly. ’l‘ltosc persons in Arrears of Root are requested to come to an immediate arrungsm_snt for'the payment of their respec- tive Accounts, to prevent my being obliged to have recourse to lo nl ings for its recovery , or cyectrnent. V enunts vv o vs performed labour on these Est:iiss—-or made payment in any other way—ou account of items, and vtho have not_ beep settled with for the sums, are requested to call at my oflics in (.hurlotto- town without debty. Ovllcl Hou its from 10 to 4. _ Ii person or persons found Trcspassrng upon any of tho idotuess Iiundo. on the above Estates, are notified that they will ho prosecuted to tho utmost rigour of the law, without distirtctinn. ‘. 'l‘hoso'I‘snsnts wishing to dispose of tlteir l.cassAold Infor- out in Ihrns, can apply in writing forthwith, stating terms, num- bsv of Acres under cultivation, and buildings thereon, free of arrears

'”“" wii.t.iAit nouss. Charlottetown. Doc. 3, I051. Land Agent.

ANTED, darlag.I'h‘o Winter ssssoa from Tenants, to be do- llvorod at " Iolhhh" uoro, I0,000 Bushels of clean .Umh¢oIools» Groin. for which Cash will be given, or all owed in payment ofltouts, at tho lashst Prl-s. lttnstrstsd London Hogs. ‘ ' , and the Jlnohnc ‘Lo: 1863. Fossalo II oso. T. miszaitirs sooitum. It ‘I I1-re. s Doc. 10.

PROFESSOR RYERSOJV, ON THE SYSTEM OF FREE SCHOOLS.

(From l-‘M Jfnrmal Report of the JVbrnuil. Model and Common 0

Scliools in Upper Canada, for 185 .)

I beg to.tnvite the attention of the Public Preu. of District Councillors and School Trustees. of Clergy and Magistrates. and of all persons anxious for the education ofour Canadian Youth, to the principle 0l’I‘WlI|Cll the expense of promoting that object should b_edefr:iyed. lhe Sc ool Law authorises two methods, in sddi- tion to that of voluntary contribution; the method of rats-bill on

‘parents sending children to school, and the method of assessment on the property ‘of ull,-.—thus securing to the children of all equal access to scliottlinstruction. 'l‘lio discretionary power of adopting °|ll|¢'_|||¢ll|Ull. it placed by Ittw-—where I think it ought to be plu- ced-;-itt the lli|.lItIil.0l- the people themselves in each Municipality. My present objwt is_stuiply to submit to your consideration, the P|’||N'||_NIl teaptttiu which in ace me to think that one of these nie- t ods nl better than the other, in order to secure to your children ill“ “‘l"““'"1Gl9| 0f I good education. The method which I believe you wfll fiid tnost eliictent, has been thus defined :—“ A tax upon the property ofull, by the ittujoriiy, for the education of all."

I.‘ hly prst reason l'or_connttt.-nding this as the best method of providing sr the educntioirof your children is, that the people who have been educated under it for two hundred years, are distinguish- ed for personal independence, gcnerul intelligence, great industry, econtgriy und prosperity,_und ii wide diffusion of the comforts mid enpvynietits of dmitestic life. The truth of this rcmrtrlt, in refer- ence to tire Cll:I.I’:td:l8f and condition of the people of the New ling- |nnd_ filtntc-s, will, I presume, be disputed by none. lftlieir system of civil govcrnttient be thought less fuvouruhle to the cultivaitioii und exercist: ofsttttie of the higher virtues, than that tvliicli we eti- J-‘~_v, the efficacy uftlieir school system is the tiiore npptiieiit under

_ . Ol . ' " ' ,, I will give the origin cl this school system in the words ofthe English "Quarterly Jour- llttlqol‘ liduciittuii "—pub|isht2d under the tiuperintendence of the Society for the llilfusinn of Useful Knowledge, and at n time when Lord Brougltnnt was Chairntun, atid Lord John Russell Vice-(.‘h:iir- Inuit, of the Coniiiiittee :

" 'l‘hc first hint of this system-—the great principle of which is, that the property of all shall be taxed by the mnjority for the edu- cation of ull—is to e found in the records of the city of Boston for the year I635, when at it public or ‘ body‘ meeting, 8 schoolmaster was appointed ffor the teaching and nurturing of children among

_’ and a rtton of the public lutids given him for his support. This, it should be remembered, was done within five years after the first peopling ofthnt littlo peninsula, and before the hutnblettt wants of its inhabitants were supplied; while their ver subsistence, front year to year, was uncertain; and when no man in the colotiy slept in his bed without apprt-liension from the savages, who not oii_l ever where crossed their borders, but still dwelt in the m st oft em.

‘f This was soon imitated in other villages and hamlets s ringing up in the wilderness. Winthorp, Ilie earliest gover or o the co- lony, arid the grctit patron of res Schools, says ‘his jour- nul, under date of I645, thut divers Free Schools wt.-rd recited in that year in other towns, and that in Boston it was rmined to allow, for over, £50 a-year to the master, with it house, and £30 to on usher. But thus far only the individual towns had acted. In I047, however, the Colonial Assembly of Massachusetts made provision, by law, that every town in which there were-fifty flirti- lics should keep it Free School, in which reading and writin could

o taught; and every town where there were one ltuudred ilics should keep a school where youth could be prepared in Latin Greek, a mathematics, for the College or University, which in 1638 had been established b the same authority at Cambridge. 1672, the colonies of Connecticut and New Haven, enacted similur laws; and from this time, the system spread with the extending population ofthat part of merica, until it'becoinc one of its settled and prominent characteristics, and has so coutiitu- ed to the present day."

I Will now present the character ofthis system in the words of those who best understiin ' That great American Statesman, Daniel Webster,‘ received his enrl training in a Free School, ttnd stated on one occasion, t at ady in us many children as old Priam Iiitnself, he would send them all to the Free School. Mr. Webster, in his published I ech on the Constitution of hl;issnchu- setis, expresses himself on tie Free School system in the following wor s:-—

“In this particular, New England may be allowed to claim, I think, a merit of pcculinr character. She earl adopted and hue constnntly maintained the principle, that it is the undoubted duty of Government, to provide for the instruction of all youth. That which is elsewhere left to chance, or to charity, we secure by law. For the purpose of public instruction, we hold every man subject to taxation in proportion to his property, and we look not to the question, whether he liirnself have, or have not, children to be be- nufitcd by the education l'or which lie pays. “'13 regard it as it wise and liberal system of policy, by which property, and life, and thepcnce of society are secured. \Ve seek to prevent, in some nice- uure, the extent oftlte penal code, by inspiring u siilutary und con- servative principle of virtue and knowledge iii an early it c. \ 0 hope to excite a feeling ofrespectnbility rind rt sense of character, by enlarging the capacity, an increasing the sphere of intellectual enjoymcttt. y gcncrul instruction, we seek. us far as possible, to purify the whole moral atmosphere; to keep good sentiments uppermost, and to turn the strong current of feeling and opinion. as well its the ccnsures of liiw, and the denunciations of religion, against immoralit and crime. \’Vc ho e for it security, beyond tltc law, and above tie lt\w,,in the prevalence of enlightened nnd well- principled moriil sentiment. o rope to continue, and prolong the time, when, in the villages and farm-houses of New England, there tnny be undisturbed sleep within unbnrred doors. And know- ing thut our (iovernnicnt rests directly on the public will, that we may preserve it, tve endeavour to give it safe and roper direction to that public will. \Vo do not, indeed, expect all men to he phi- losopliers or statesmen; but we confidently trust, and our expecta- tion ofthc duriition of our system of government reels on that trust, that by the diliiision ofgenerul knowledge nn good virtuous sen- timents, the political fabric may be secure, as well against open vio- lence and overthrow, as against the slow but sure undermining of licentiousnesa."

'l'he llonourtible Edward I"Iverett,—lntc I’res‘dent of Ilnivnrtl University, lute Governor of the State of Massachusetts, and late American Atnbnssudor to En lxind—rcmnrks as follows, in his ll‘ dress on the “ Advantages of Useful Knowledge to Workin Men."

“ ’l‘liink ofthe inestimttble good conferred on all succeeding ge- nerations b the esrly settlers of America, who first established the system of ublic Schools, where instruction should be furnished gratis, to all the children in the coniniunit . No suc thing \\‘t.lI before known in the world. There were Schools and Colleges sup- ported by funds which ltitd been bequeathed by charitable indi- vidtutls: and in consequence, most o the Common Schools of this kind in Europe, were regarded as establishments for the poor. So deep-rooted isthis idea, that when I have been applied to for information as to Public Schools from those parts where no such system exists, I hovo frequently found it hard to obtain credit, when Ihuvo declsrsd, thrttthers was nothiu disreputable in the public opinion hero, in sending children to schools supported at the public charge The idea of free Schools for the when people, when it first crossed the minds of our forefathers, was entirely original; but how ntuch of the prosperity nnd happiness of their children und posterity IIXII flowed from this living spring ofpublic intelligence!"

'l'lia following extracts from the Annua School Rs no of I84‘! and I848. prepared by the Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, dssorvs special uttsntion,as we for the beauty of their language, as for tho noblcness of tho sentiments which they as ross :-

l,"l‘ho eoont yonr (I547) completes the second century since the Froo hools of Massachusetts were lint established. In 1647, when a fow scattsrod and foebls settlements, almost buried in the depths of the forests, were all that constitutsd the Colony of Mao- sachusetts; whoa tho outiro po ulatioti consisted of twonty-one thousand souls; whoa tho ostosnul moons of the psopls wars small, thslr dwellings humble, and their rsitusat sud subsistsucs scanty sad tsly; when the whole valustloo of ‘ tho colosisl sstutss, both public and to, would hsrdl squol tho iyaootsry of many

- P!‘;‘°_.‘.'!‘}_'_ -' -' "'° P""' 1* '''.°.-..-.x.-.:'

0 Now [in IBM] estrstsry of its ntttott Itatss.

-a

,‘..‘, s

j‘ l

the savage was nightly seen glaring from the edge of the surround‘ ing wilderness, and no defenceor succour was at hand; it was then, amid all these privstions and dangers, that the Pilgrim Fu- thers conceived the magnificent idea of a Free and Universal Edu- cation fur the people: and, amid all their poverty, they stiuted themselves to u still scziniier pittance; sinid all their overty, they imposed upon themselves still more burdensome aibourr, timid all their perils, they braved still greater dangers, that they might End the time and the means to reduce their grand conception to practice. 'l‘wodivino idens filled their great hcurt.s,—their duty to God and to pos rity. For the one. they built the Cburcli; for the other, they opened the School. Religion and Know e go !— two sttributes cfthe saute glorious and oternu trutli,—und that truth, the only one on which immortal or mortal happiness can be securely fnuiide .

‘ s stt innovation upon till pre-existing policy and usages, the establishment of Free Schools was the boldest ever promulgated, since the commencement of the Christian ern. it theory, it could liuve been refuted and silenced b a more formidnltls unity of iirguiiteut und expericitce tltnn was ever tnnrshnlled ngninst any other-opinion of hutitnn origin. But time liili rntified its soundness. Two centuries now proclaim it to be wise as it wits courageous, as bencficent us it was disinterested. It was one ofthose grnritl rrientnl rind mornl experiments whose effects citnnot be determined in is single generation. But now, according to the manner in which human life is completed, we are the sixth generation from its foun- ders, und have we not reason to be grateful both to (‘rod and imin for ll! unnumbered blessings.’ The sincerity of our gritiitutle tit-i.-'t be tested by our efforts to perpetutito and improve what they cs- tiiltlislied."—('l‘entli Annual Report to the Board of I'Zduc.'itioti, for I847. pp. 101, I08

" The .\I(IltlflCl||ltlEIIS School system represents favourably the system of nll the New England Status. Not one of them has an elem:-nt of prosperity or of permanence, of security ngziiiist decay within, or the invasion of its rights from without, which ours oes not possess. Our law requires that ii school should be sustained in every town in ilie Stute.—-even the smallest und poorest not bein exct-pied;-—ttnd that this School llitlll be as open and free to all the children us the light of day, or the nir of lieuven. No child is meron the threshold of the school-house door, to be asked for mo- ney, or whether his pnrents are native or foreign, whether or not they pay a titx, or wltut is their faith. The School-house is com- mon proper! . A about it are enclosures and hedges, indicating private ownership ttnd forbidden iittrusiou; but there is a spot which even rnpiicity dares not lay its linger u n. ‘ e ntoot uvaricious would as soon think of inonopolising the summer cloud, as it comes flouting up from the west to shed its trensurcs upon the thirsty earth, us of rtionopnlizing these fountains of knowledge. Public opinion —thct sovereign in representative government,—is in harmony with the law. Not unfrequently there is some private opposition, and occasionally it uvows itself an assumes an attitude of hostility; but perseverance on the pztrt of the friends of progress, always sub-

ues it, and ilie success of their mensures eventually shsmes it out of existence.“—(Elevcnth Annual Report, 1848, .)

" It is a gratifying circumstance, that many of our sister States, convinced by our success, have followed our example; and at the

reseut time, in the rich and populous County o ucashire, in

ngllaud, in movement is on foot, on by some of the best man int c United Kingdom. whose object it is to petilion Parliament foracharter, empowering that County to osta lish a system of Free Schools, on a basis similar to ours."——(Ib. p. 24.)

The extracts contain the testimony of the ntost competent wit- nesacs as to the principles and elficiency of the Free School sys- tem; whilc the well-known character of the New En laud people for solf-reliance, economy. industry, morulit , iute ligcnce and geneul enterprise, is a snlficient illustrstina o t influence and tendency of t a system, over under the admitted disndvsntu e of a defective Christi:iuity and a peculiar form of Government. Vhat such a system of Schools has accomplished in tho lsssgenial climate of New England under such circumstances.’ It is worthy of re- tnarlr, that in no state or city where the Free School system has been fairly tried, hits it cvcr been abandoned. 'l‘|to inliabitmiis of New linglnnd who have tried it or two centuries, (mid they arc second to no people in their rigid notions of economy and indi- viduitl rights), regard it as the greatest blessing which their coun- try cnjoys, mid her highest glory. Other cities, town and sttiles are adopting the New Iinglztnd system ofsupporiing schools no fast as they become acquainted with its principles and operations.

2. Tire second ground on which I commend this system of sup- porting Common Schools to your fnvourultle consideration, is its chcnpness in parents educating their cltildu.-n. I nill select the t-xnmple ofone District, rnther better than an average specimen; iiitd tho same mode of reasoning \\ ill npply to cverv District in Upper Cnlllttlfl, and with the smite results. In one istrict there were re rted 200 schools iti operation in 1848; the average time of keeping open the schools was eight months; the uverage salaries of tencliers was 45 7 I; the IOI-ll amount of tire money availa- ble for the teuclit-rs‘ sttlztries, including the Legislative Gr:tiit, Council AflS(‘l.‘4ll|ellIllntI IItIlc~I)lllS, was £7,401 18 4.}; the whole number of pupils between the ages of five und sixteen on the Sclivp-l llcgisiers, wns 9,147; the total number of children betwr.-en those ngus resident in the District, 20,600; cost per pupil for eight months, sixteen sltillin s. Here it will a seen, that more than one-half of tire children of school-age in the District |\ ere not attending nny schoo . Nmv, suppose the schools be kept open the whole year, iiisleiid of two.thirds of it; suppose the mole and fettinle teachers to he equatl in number, and the salaries ofthe former to atverugu £60, and those of tire lntter £40; suppose the 20,600 children to be in the schools instead of 9,l-47 of them; the whole sum required for the salaries of teachers would be £ l0,000——the cost pet‘ pupil would be less than Icn shillings—less than five shillings per inim- bit:tnt—which would be reduced still further, by deducting the amount of the Legislative School Grnnt. Thus would fl provision be made for the education of every child in the District for the whole year; there would be no trouble or disputes nbout qunrterly school rate-bills; there would be no dilliculty in getting good tench- crs; the character nttd et'liciciic_v of the scliools woul he as ntuch improved its the iittetitlnnco o pupils would be increased; every child would be educated by the coiitriliutioii of every man accord- ing to his ntcnns.