PAGE FOUR

TllE DIIARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN

Morning Daily (Founded In 1887)

President: Lieut. Col. W. Chester S. MeLuro Vice President: .|. B. Burnett, FJJ. Neorelary; Lieut. Col. D. A. MacKinnou. 0.8.0. Editor and Zllanrging Director J. B. Burnett. FJJ. Agigfli-‘Alfi Editors: Frank Walker and [an A. Burnett

sunscnirnou nines By Mail in P.E.l., $4.00 per year; $2.50 for 8 montlll $1.25 for 3 months; 50c for one month City Delivery $5.00 per yen-l’; 53-00 l0!’ 6 mollllll $l.75 for 3 months By Mail in Canada and U.S.A. $5.00 per year Satin iliiy ti cckly: $2.00 per yeiir; $1.00 for 6 mouth; 50c for 3 mouths

The tliarliiiti-ionn tiuiirdiun may be obtained at llutnlinuk .\|,\\\s Agt-llc), T-llltfl Square, New lurk; Olll

Si» iii ll .\i.-i\ s .\|_-t iii-y, t uriirr Allik und Washington. lfiisiiiii; aii-iriipi-liiiiii .\t-\\| Agent-y, 124i! reel hi... llloiiin-iil; .1. Alliv, ilfql if“; an, ‘roruntu; hen-e Stand.

Lliati-iiii Liiurirr, uttnnu; llulle‘: he»: Dtuud. Sutlbury, Ont; Alllll riiliaii-u Sliiip, Mont-ton N. 5.; Ellen lioberteon Aniln-rsi, .\ s.

The seiTigii-il lllenwry iii iveiuier than the Wen/rest Ink."

“wihixusiia? OCTOBER, 1. 1941.

The Price Of Freedom

brilliant English essayist ti?» \\ - iiir ilic lAllltlflll Spectator, points out ivg, iif our democratic system, one lv i-vcn more manifest hcre iri Can- Illlll. llc >ZI_\'SZ i» finil a \\'i'llCll\\'Ol'(l which will iii? Such words as ‘freedom’ or ,i\c lit-t their currenov-value, liav- >i lliuriibvd in the market-place that - "n-l <'.l[>\‘l‘-‘Cl‘lllfl0l‘| has been blurred. our pi-iiplc have had no exper- :I of liberty, and are wholly un- \Ill'il(‘ of the blessings they enjoy. : - liictiiiie have they winced at the '1' a pi llci-iiiau or dropped their voices 1 Kit oi t-irangcrs. They have not lllllliitlliill of being unfree. Yet as- 14hr has now come t0 us and the i.=. liCUll born. To the men of our l‘ he given, through blood and sweat .i bring peace and order to mankind. “llglll and will to do it; have we the ti» rejoice that it is being done?" ‘.- a. rising tide of public opinion in fil\'l‘il's some action by the Goverii- will bake complacency out of those zlvnl: "it can't happen here.” Over in lil>i \\‘L‘{'l\', our former Prime Minister, licnnclt, told the Caledonian Society oi llillll in: “ll is not all right and was not all r glut anl l'i('\’l‘l' will be all right if we think for a in: that fi-twiloin can be maintained \vith- out t. llii? price of freedom, said Vis- Ciiltlli l1 uni-tr is “sacrifice, struggle and szrrnwh and luuvcr to overcome the evil forces l that ciixlzijrs ilirizitcn life."

"Mold. Yivi: il-iiii,

.'i

\‘-l

bicblaughlonk Appeal

(‘|\l"‘l','ll lllcNziugliton believes there will have to lit’ a lirnuli invasion of the Continent as he tliillllis‘ :li.il it nation as proud and well organiz- (il ;i~ iii l'll'.?lll_\' can be brought to its knees by

air llP-Illlm ZIlOllQ. Britain might wait until after the ‘in/Es aztc-iiipt to invade the United Kingdom lit-litre sin: cnilcavours to land troops on Europe's mainlzinil, but at any rate an invasion appears to be llll llll‘. hooks. Another observation made by the (Yiusiiliriii commander is that he is heartened by thc lllilll(ll'_\' performance of Russia and has faith in her ciiiiiiiiuaiice of the struggle. He

" lS stand should be used as one of the prci on which to base Canada's fu- turc war policy, and also figures that units in Canada be given fundamental training before being s-Piit O\'('l'$(’7lS_ fiUllUlTll llcXziughton states that by the end of this _\i-:ir tile Canadian Corps in Britain will in- cluili‘ and have really for battle three divisions of the Ell'lll_\', a tank brigade, an armoured divis- ion, and a full complement of ancillary corps containing zirtillery and engineers. Praise is given the (‘riuailian Bren guns, and the first Lkniriilizin-iiiailc tanks are expected to arrive soon. \\'r.li another fc\v shipments, the force will he well equipped. 'l"i~.e commander speaks highly of hi! men, says that their morale is good and the percentage of crime among the Canadians is very low. The only zirfizricixicyi that is recognized in the Can- ailian force is the aristocracy of education, he cmpliii-izvs, adding that there are splendid op- portunéxilu for well-educated and intelligent lilvll. lt is his appeal for “full setam ahead" in Caiiriili, says an exchange, that should find a hi-zuiy rinpiiiise. lle and his men are ready to play ilii-ir full part, and he does not minimize the grave task that confronts them. Canada’: civil- izin piiliiilariiin will have to catch something of this sanii- ri-alistic and sacrificial spirit if its men at the iriiut are to be supported in a way tr, mrrt the foe on equal terms when the great test of zirnis comes.

Japan's Position

flvslvilf‘ a certain attitude of optimism the Jil]liilll‘\l‘ siluziliim is still explosive, and a spark may at any: moment set it aflame. Japan is i-hi-ckcd in lll‘i‘ drive to the south by large forces in tho l‘hilippincs, Singapore and the Nether- lands‘ lllllCs and \\‘(illl(l take a great risk if she were to invade Silwria. The latest estimates put the Japaiv-sc strength in Manchukuo at seven- [PM] ilivisiiiiis and across the Amur from Lake ‘.iil.;il lo the Pacific there are about twenty-four Rn '01 ilivisiims. There had been many more l\'ll bins but it is believed that about twelve (livisiiins have been withdrawn from the Far Eastern armies to serve against the Germans in thi- \\'(‘~l. Nevertheless, the Russians still have niunirii-iil aipi-riority. Because of the need of plllllvs ill lllt‘ \\'esi, llir: Russians apparently have wivikcucil tlivir air forces in the Far East and the Japzuit-se air strength in Manchukuo is pro- bably a little greater than that of the Russians. The Russians. however, are believed to have

expansion north or south. But logic may not prevail in Tokyo. With the situation as explos- ive as it is today, there is always the possibility that the extremist army leaders may seize con- trol in Tokyo and plunge ahead toward Japan's goal of a "new order in East Asia" regardless of the consequences. Such a step probably would be fatal to Japan, but it would have pro- found effects upon the war in Europe and upon the seas. For the immediate future, therefore, the spotlight of world attention may well focus 0n the Far East, for U.S.A. naval aid to Bri- tain on the seas is a tangible factor, the conse- quences of which can be approximately calcu- lated. But what Japan will do is completely un- predictable.

— EDITORIAL NOTES —

By the propaganda emanating from Ottawa and elsewhere it would look as though conscrip- tion were in the offing.

i! ll‘ i Tomorrow Queen's County Conservatives meet in Animal Convention to clcct officers and transact other business.

I! w a Remember the boys overseas with letters,- parcels and cigarettes. It is a depressing exper- ience for a boy when the mail comes in bringing messages of one kind or another to his chums while he is lcft out in the cold.

i Ill I! 3' Jacques Cartier, French explorer, died this date I557. Made three voyages to Canada and discovered the St. Lawrence; in I534 he forni- ally annexed the country in the name of the French King, exploring the St. Lawrence in I535. The colony he tricd to establish. with the i aid of LieuL-General Roberval, proved a fail-l ure, and it was not until Samuel dc Champlain , received a Royal Charter in 1603 that a settle- ment was established at St_ Croix, afterward moved to Port Royal in Acadia.

ii- iii n: =i< Some people may believe in psychology but not when it implies beer. At a board meeting to discuss means of slowing traffic and reducing accidents in Burlington County, Mass, Free- holder Le Roy Church tossed off a bit of real,

‘have to chalk up anything

The b0!

ed off its perch. Probably [highways so many

]ing last week-end. As far as Gan- arnque was concerned uiiere was ample evidence of the truth of the statement. - Gimimoque Reporter.

With gas rationing a distant poe- slbility shoemakers are doubtless beginning in anticipation to shar- pen their uwls. or whatever in- struments they use in re-placaig disappearing soles. And’, speaking 0f walking, or rather thinking of it. a. chap who not so long ago helped to uphold the good name of Gait on track; across the coun- try this morning showed us a rec- ord of one years training, a walk-

ed distance 0f 1,178 miles. This pedestrian‘; Odysey w bitten off in large thirty-mile lkes every

Sunday morning, plus shorter mid- week jaunts. Wonder if we'll elvfr l e such an annual record? The very thought of it evokes a yavm. Let's use less gas now and make it last. —Gall. Reporter.

There h some talk about Mr. Churchill 1n his broadcast last night saying Siam" instead 0f Thailand. It was thought by some of his friends not to be a sllp They say that he is not easily reconciled to the change of names for coun- tries and in private talk uses the names of Slam and Persia and Mesopotamia. - Manchester Guar-

lilll.

lllodern wars are not won only by courage and skill. A great ‘in- dustnal effort must support the soldier, and here India Ls working, in General Wavelfs words, not only tsr nei- own defence but. to defeat the greatest threat to free- dctn that has appeared for many a year. Modem equipment and arms are now flowing lXl from Iiidlii ar-

‘senalg and factories on a vast and

increasing scale to equip an army which already numbers three-quar- ters of a million men, and is tak- ing in recruits in multitudes. Two mmths ago India was supplying over four-fifths of the arms, munitions, and equipment required by these hosts, and she is now prcvidmg other Imperial fronts and forces wit-h weapons of war. she is best. defended. as the Com- niancler-ln-cliief pointed out, from the positions which we hold ln

aged-in-the-ivood, down-to-earfh psychology. lle recommended the posting of signs reading “Free Beer, Stop Here" at dangerous intersec- tions. An unappreciative board settled for the I usual “Dangerous Crossing” legend and a gold- I en opportunity of putting a theory to the test was lost. n- iu w iv An outright declaration of war on the Axis powers was urged by Dr. James B. Conant, president of Ilarvzird University, at the open- ing chapel service in the Harvard hli-morial Church. “To my mind, until Congress docs de- clare war, we as a people are dwelling in an ambiguous half-way house," he told the stud- ents. “By failing to act with our full force we are delaying the hour of final victory, the hour of peace. By failing to participate fully in an effort essential to our own safely, we are in ef- fect letting others do our fighting for us. In my opinion, until we have declared war, our national conscience will every day grow more disturbed." ll i ‘I II

Because of reduced demand from England and the foot-and-mouth disease which compelled the total suspension of exports, Eire is literally glutted with both fat and store cattle. In recent weeks exports have been partially restored in several of the twenty-six counties and a dele- gation representing the leading cattle firms of Eire went to confer on the sittiation with Bri- tish importers at Glasgow, Edinburgh. Leices- ter, York, Birkenhead and Norwich. The pre- sent quota of exports to Britain is 4.400 head a weeks. Eire can easily send at least ten times that number. The value of the additional quota it is hoped to sell in the next few months is put at $35.0oo.0<>0. I i F i What about our aluminum scrap? “No more scrap aluminum or iron may be expected from the United States," a bulletin of the British Ministry of Supply recently stated, “because America has decided that she will need all her own scrap for her growing war industries, al- though the government (British) was first to curtail these imports. Thus more and more scrap will be needed here." The bulletin then added that "our reserves of scrap must be in- creased and maintained at the maximum amount.” It wan later reported that the railways had recently contributed over 30,000 tons of ob- solete or unused rails, and The Times of Lon- don adds: “Fortunately there are about the countryside dumps of scrap which have been ac- cumulated as a. sort of ‘iron ration’ and kept in reserve in case of need. The new situation will demand a renewed flow of scrap, so that when the dumps are drawn upon there will be no lack of further supplies to replace those ivliich arc required for industrial use." n- 1 a e

Mr. V. M. Kipp, associate editor of The Of- Iawa Journal, was a recent visitor to this Pro- vince. He was particularly interested in the his- toric associations of our Confederation Chamber, which he described in an article to which refer- ence was made in The Guardian some days ago. Elsewhere in today's issue we reproduce anoth- er article from Mr. Kipp‘s pen, appearing in The Ottawa Journal on Sept. 27_ Many Prince

the Near and Middle East. In these rta s, ‘when aircraft can take cruel toll of the great. clues, the protec- tion of a land so densely populat- ed as India. begins at its out- works-in Egypt and Iraq on the west, and in Singapsre and Malaya, should danger threaten to east- ward. — Landon Times.

United States psychologists are applying their studies to war avia- tion, measuring the felllngs of pilots. learning a great deal about the emotional preslllres which si- fect, a man at the controls of high speed planes. This is a new study on this side of the Atlantic, ione which should yield valuable re- sults. Germany. where military fitness has been developed to the nth degree, has subjected her sol- diers, submarine personnel and flying officers to psychological tests for ears with the idea of fitting eac man into that particu- lar type of combat work to which he was best suited. In Britain much psychological research has been carried out in the past two years with men in all branches of the fighting services wzth the same results in view. In Canada. while the need has been recognized little has been clone owing to a shortage of trained psychologists. In Chl- cago before a meeting of the Amer- ican Association for A led Psychology. Dr. John G. Je ins, University cf Maryland pycliolcg- 1st. now with t, American Civil and Military Av aticn Authority. reported results of tests. Ameri- can psychologists are flying in modern fighting planes in order to experience for themselves emo- tlonal stresses, Twenty are licens- ed pilots and 50 are taking flying instruction. The oockiplts of the plnnQs are their new laboratones. Dr. Jenkins offered some inter- esting observations. Perception, he said‘, was more important to the pilot than muscular coordination. The beat pilot perceive; rather than Judges such things as altitude, Per- ception ls instantaneous: Judg- ment requires time and l, short of separate thought. The natural pilot. flies instinctively. His hab- itat Ls the air and he suffers no “unruly emotilons". Among their studies these flying psymolqglsu

measure how much e llot pers- plres; haw much muse energy e expands, and other physical

slsns winch may denote wiiait is going on in his mind. The "wadi- outs’, said Dr. Jenkins, were only five per cent of t. 150,000 men who have learned fly under the Civil Aviation Authority. - London Free Frees.

Great injuries have been done hy the pcwer of ridicule, but ridicule has likewise performed great rer- vices for mankind. The rapier thrust o! wit has been turned upon the investigation by a committee of the United States Senate into motion pictures. One of the objects of the probe Ls tn try to prove that. motlcn pictures have been propa-

Wfifllke ame of mind. Those men who are conducting the inquiry are indicative of its nature anti-war. anti-British, ff not. pro-Nazi. Mr. Roosevelt drew the attentlon of the corps of correspondents to a cartoon which had been printed in the Washington Star. It. showed Charlie Chaplin. who has been sub- ed by tale committee, holding lily summons and asking: “No-w what could I poslbly tell mo“ pastmasters about coined ?'" That was a keen thrust and t e eeoond revealed for the first time by the President was gharper. My, mo“- velt. read a telegram which he sold

Edward Islanders are unaware of the interest- ing facts he relates, and which he discovered, with the assistance of Mr. Bradley, assistant provincial archivist. The Ottawa Journal is one of Canada's most widely circulated newspapers. and the publicity given in its columns by Mr. Kipp to this Province as the Cradle of Confeder- ation will be appreciated. His suggestion as to, the need of a fire-proof vault for preservation of the records in the Confederation Chamber is an excellent one. The building, of course, is nnt' now in the stale of disrepair to which the article ' refers, but the danger of fire is always to be reckoned with. Mr. Kipp suggests that the Do- Iminion Government might be induced to co- ioperate in this matter, a hint which our provinc- .

more lJlll\'§_ Logically, therefore, there are grave iai authorities would be wcll advised to follow up. Mail.

had been received by a Senator, whom 11¢ did not identify a week before. A guess is that the tele- Briun was sent the ".. ‘ , most certainlp one o! the members 0f the comm ttee. and s co sent to the President. It Fem u pllowe: "Have reading book called oly Bible Bu; lame cir- culation in this country. entirely foreign-born, manly Jews. First part full of war-mong- e n nwmsan‘. second t con emns laolatloniarn. That eke “My 8-50"?- Bamariteu dangerous. Should be added to your list and Hllwfsmd“. A few brilliant stabs like that atlthehemall but vocifer- 0"! 81'0"? n t. e United States l§‘.l.'i’.‘..lli.i"°..m”“‘ “M: ".55.; e an e w be laughed into e stole of fnocuour silence. _. “romp 0m” ‘m;

which someone rebel. lthat curuvment of the hours for the sale of gasoline would kill the Us. tourist trade, has been knock- never before was there seen on Ontario _ care bearing United States license plates as dur-

gandlzinp the United States into a. bee f‘

._l .. . ___-i _ ____g

il_._iE CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN elements of risk to the Japanese in any further _

WORDS OF . (JHALLENGF

A THOUGHT A DA! FOB A PEDPLE AT WAR

“If final victory is to be won we must. be ready to pay with our lives to save our all. Great sacrifices will be neces-

' wry thiim ls possible’? will?’ ever n . — - or- energl Li. R. LnFleche

Associate Deputy Minister o1 National War Services.

¢VOOOOOQO4

Ottawa Editor Finds Much Of Interest 1n Confederation Chamber

( V. M. K. in The Ottawa. Journal)

C WN, P.E.I.—'I\i1.s tidy little Island onoe was called St. Jean when It. was owned by France, and then St... John by the British until. ln 1799, it was changed to Prince Edward Island by Royal proclamation from the Court of St. Juries, countiersignecl by Maior General Edmund Fann- ing. lieutenant-governor of the coony. The original document, its ink not much faded, hangs framed on the wall of the loftg chamber in the Government Bull lng where the Confederation of Canada had its origin back in 1864. This and a host of other precious records and documents are the charge of Mr. W.F‘.P. Bradley. ae- sistant provincial archivist. whose knowledge of an irreplaceable his- torical collection is as profound as ls his interest in it. 0d" prints of island notables and great fig- ures ln Canadian history almost ‘cover the walls, The anczent cup-

boards sre crammed with hand- written mlnutes. reports and corre-

[spondence imich throw light 0n our early history and illustrate sharply the changes time has

wrought within the period of our written history

Mr. Bradley turns up. for instance the original minutes, in o. dusty, leather-covered volume, of the meeting of the General Assembly of His ‘Majesty's Island of St. John-His Majesty was "Our Sov- ereign Lord George the Third, of Great. Britain, fiance and Ireland King. Defender of the Falil-UK-held at Charlotte-Town 1n 1779 and l'l81. One act then passed was to declare “that Baptlzm of slaves shall not exempt them from Bondage." 1t appears that some people held that slaves became free “by beccmlng Christians, or being admitted to Baptism", and the colonial Government, Governor, Council and Assembly, solemnly declared that baptism and religion had nothing t0 do with the state of slavery. All Negro and Mulatt/o slaves on the island, or thereafter brzuglit to it were to remain slaves unless freed by their owners, and all children born of women slaves were the property 0f the masters or mistresses of such women. That was the law of the island until 1827i although Mr. Bradley says it is dsubtful if any slaves were bought. or sold after the turn of the century.

Another act of the same Assem- bly was designed "to prevent, dis- orderl riding of Horses and driv- ing o Carts, Trucks and Sleds, or any other Carriage whatsoever within Charlottie-Tcwn"-thiit is the old fflTfl of the Island capital's name. Gallcpfiig on horseback was strictly prohibited. Furthermore a man in charge of a cart or carriage of any description must not ride the horse, or ride in the vehicle, but lead the animal by a halter not more than four feet long. ‘Ihe penalty for violation of what must be one of this country's earl- iest traffic laws was a fine of ten shillings, and in default four days of work on the roads or slx davn in Jail at the mlscreantfls “own proper Costs and Charges."