HASZAttD'S| GAZE'

l“l‘h.‘~,.- _SEPTEMBER,_ 29.

found impossible tocarr along with tlie re- treetin army, amounts to so many, those who were a to accom ny it, or who were sent away before the retreat commenced, must have been much more numerous; and if 100 men were killed in crossing the bridge, the number of those who fell during the bombardment end in the assault must have been much greater. The epithet, too, which the Prince applies to the tire of the Allies ( /‘ea d'enfer—infernel fire

would seem to indicate that his nerves ha

been a little shaken by it. It is equivalent to whet deoorous Englishmen would cell an - mission, that the Allie; had made the place too

In-J

bot to hold bi

IEW8 BY THE ENGLISH HAIL.

._..x

PROGRESS OF Till WAR.

Tris ausorr vvur -riii: Barrisu riiun A? III Ramiv.—-The Miilakhoff Tower is, as is well known, the highest point of the fortiﬁcations which defended Sebastopol. It is ﬂanked on either side by the Grand Redan, the object of the English attack, and the Redan of Careening Bay. Now, behind these forts, the Russians had con- structed a formidable second line of earth- works, heavily armed, which commanded all the works in front, with the exception of the Malakhoff Tower ,and this exception wa tie to the over care ofthe Russians, wh , in their anxiety to strengthen the Maakboff, had built its works in three tiers, the lone rising above the other, whereas the Redans were constructed with only one tier of guns. The consequence ofthis was, that when the French swarmed on to the first tier of the Muliikhofi', the second tier saved them from being hurt by the ﬁre of the works in the rear of the Tower; and, in like manner, when they attained the second tier, the third saved them in its turn. Consequently thousands of men througcd its ramparts, protected from tiie Russiaii fire. The conihnt raged on the flanks, where the enemy could only attack them with his inusketry, and their own riﬂes and brilliant iinpetuosity were two much for him. Under the protection of a. galling fire from the French, their suppers slipped round the work, threw up an entrenchnient and thus, effectually covered on all points, the whole work was theirs. Here, then, to brave men, success was as natural as their own enthusiastic courage, but alas! upon other points courage availed not. The gallant assailants ofthe Redan and of the Central Bastion no sooner had carried these works, as they did triumphantly, than they found themselves exposed to a terriﬁc close ﬁre of grape, which rendered life impossible. The forts, built in one exposed tier, were open to the full range of the second line of earthworks, and in vain our ehivalrous Allies, tried to hold their posi- tion. They would not retreat, but were swept away by the pitiless storm ofgrape. The tenacity of our struggle may be easily conceived when it is know that in carrying, and in endeavouring to hold. that one R°d''|. 0'" lo" “m°“"'°d ‘° ‘W0 ll‘°“9N|d seem, is little more than a month's consump- Ill0n- 00!‘ Allies. and We 0|l|'80l"93 had. tionofmen. Sehastopol is now ours, though therefore, I0 l‘8til‘9 from "IOIO p0llIi8; bl.lt,50 many who have; won for us, and have “I0 Mﬁllkh°ﬁ‘ ‘"15 in "'9 hind! 0" lllﬁfoiight their way to its walls step by step, French» and “mi ‘"3 °V°"J'll‘l“8- Tl'°ifrom Kalatima Bay to the bloody rampart proof of that is in the result. The Russians ; of ihe Ream, have not gurvived to enjoy, I03 30 W°|'l‘. 1“ 00“. '0 l""‘" ‘Dd d€lN'0)'- ‘or even to know, what they have given us. I , Nor is Sebastopol so entirely destroyed, as

l’3|N¢|‘- °°3'|'5°H"‘°""'5 9'""'°|i- ,the Russians intended. It has now been

10 A1‘ Nioui-.—'I‘he garrison of Sebasto l ftraversed b his con uercrs, and found to after sustaining an infernal ﬁre (feu d‘ on er zébe somethiryig more (ihnn a heap of mood- 3‘P°l'¢d 9“ “"“'l“~ b‘" °°“ld "°‘ dfl" "Wlstained ruins. The establishments and °“°“'7,f’°"‘ “‘° K°"‘n°E B”"“°“ “‘° 3.I“l“imagazines, the cannon, the stores of pro- £":,ﬂ,°1,::::)",,,°(:,‘;:y?;°,,'°°n?3°£:(;,,;"2 ‘;°:;:t°,:!jectilos, and other l'0Vi§il:‘n5 of war, while the Northern part of Sebastopol. The enem “"_’.l’ “"3" ‘he V“ ‘'9 _‘“ h°"°‘"' °f “'9 prize, prove also, that it was not mere ex-

found nothing in the Southern part, but bloo - _ _

stained ruins. On the 9th of September, the haustion that drove the Russians across the

passage of the glrrison from the Southern to harbour. They prove also how long the

"'0 N0"-5"“ Pu" ‘"9 '°°°'nPl"h°d ‘ml 9" would-be conqueror of the East had been

treordiner success, our loss on that occasion reparin ,0, the execuﬁon of his Ion? clierishe scheme, and how correctly he

bein but 00men. We left. I regretto say, no“ ‘V 500 um Pinon“, wounded on we appreciated its difficulties. What, however, p e

Bcuthern side. here is a cool, self-complacent efrontery in _ _ this achievement is the vastness, the inge- nuity, and the completeness of the inner

the bulletins and des tches of Prince Gortsch- lincs of works, on which the Russians ex-

akof that has never on sur seed. He can

make a defeat a theme of congratulation ; and. pected to dispute our advance step by etc even when we had gained t

when he has nothing else to brag of, will boast and external fortiﬁcations. The dogged

of the aliicrity and rudence he has dis laied inrunniu away. e e rs to _thin , at Russian must have been thorou hly beaten to give up a

DEE‘ his Im erial master will reconciled to his so much ilniaoiio, Sept. 11.-The glorious news of the

recent oss. by being told that “The enem

found nothing on the southern side but bloc - fall of Sebastopol was received here with great enthusiasm and general rejoicing.

stained ruins." lie annouces that " the pos- Thc quotations of all descriptions of funds,

NFTIEN THOUSAND KILLED AND WOUNDID,

The total loss ofthe allies is said to be no less than 15,000 killed and wounded. It is scarcely possible to hear so terrible an

unouncement without asking, as if one had never asked before,—ls it possible that -anything can justify so terrible a sacriﬁce? VVc are fortiﬁed against the misgivings that weak nature may suggest at the

siifi'eriiigs. No price is to great for honour. This is felt not merely as a public consider- ation, but still more deeply and lcnderly us the precious balui of private sorrow. \Ve will venture to say, that there is not one parent, one brother, one child of an age to iipprccinto honour—we could almost add, one wife who would wish her husband had not been there, or that Engand had not boarded the aggressor in his stronghold. If anybody doubts this, let him read'over the names, most ofthem already honoura- elo, some of them noble, and he will ﬁnd, one by one, that he cannot doubt, how such and such a family wi l bear to have paid its dear tribute to the cause of our country, of liberty, and of honour. But, apart from reflections that would have occurred, even ifthe assault of September Shad failed as much as that ofJune 18, it must be ii com- fort to everybody to know, that the price has been paid fora substantial advantage. Instead of that horrible struggle in the trenches, all but hand to hand, in which latterly the British army had been losing filly a day killed and wounded, besides the victims of disease, and in which it is said our allies lost several hundreds daily, we have now gained the prize of a twelve- nionth’s contention, and put the harbour between us and our foe, so that we can now rest awhile. This advantage we linvo ob- tained at a cost which, terrible as it may

hour and skill.

were talking of an advance, and not of a re- treat. A man of this character—wbo is equal- ly proud of drubbing and bcin drubbed—does not take much iris to concea his losses. It is true Prince ‘ortscbakoll'—-or the oﬂicials at 8t. Pctersburg who ublished as much of his reports as is deems expedient—does not 0 the length of telling explicitly, how many ofhis men have been at liars dc combat, but he gives a tolerable inkling of it. He acknowledges to the loss of a hundred men while crossing the _ _ hrid ; and adds that he was obliged to cave _ Austria, after having expended immense sums "five hundred men grievcusly wounded on the in preparation for war, did not act up to her southern side." If the wounded, whom it was ,engagements.

sage of the garrison from the southern to the

northern part was accomplished with extraor- sheres, and other securities, with tho exce tion of the Russian stock, have advanced, and urge

dinary success," with as jauuty an air, as if he purchases have been made.

Ans-rsia.—The Philo-Russian party at Vienna have been taken quite aback by the late news from the Crimes; and the partisans of the Western Powers more than ever lament that

thoiight of these lamentable losses and i lanclioly record ofthe enslaved and debased habit! 1

cos beyond a doubt the importance of

he Malakhcfi

without a struggle t e result of

I KIN AND XORAIJ IN RUSSIA.

The glorious intelligence which has come from the Crimea during the week has necessarily eon- centrsted attention on the state of things in the interior of Russia, and opportunely enough, a communication has recently appeared in s Man- chester contemporary which throws considerable light on this interesting subject. The Manchester journalist has recently had an opportunity of con- versing with an Englishman, who for more than sixteen years was the manager of the spinning

idepartmciit in e cotton factory in St. Petersburg. He has only left the Russian capital during the last few weeks, and the insight which he gives ‘into the condition of the people of that country at :the present moment ought to induce the Allied 'l’oweis to follow up the success which they have just achieved, with the view of “ crumpling up” , the most odious despotism in Europe. The social condition of the Russian empire, as “ revealed by this authority, although bearing more . immediately on the production of cotton, is a me.

jof the people, and it proves that all hopes of ismeliorating this state of things cannot be looked ' for while the Czars pursue the policy Wlll|'l| they have done for so many generations. The hands employed in the cotton mills are for the most pan “ free serfs,"——men who pay a coiisiderzihiu por- tion (iflllt‘ll‘ earnings to their owners, and who live on the remainder more like cattle than human beings. These "free serfs ” are liable to be called away at any moment by their masters or the Government. and the drain of men esuscd by the war has subjected the manufacturers to every conceivable inconvenience. “ In this way," says the returned Englishman, “the supply of mill hands has of late been short of the demand; and though some relief has been obtained by small manufacturers, the evil is increasing, and may ere loop almost extinguish the cotton manufacture in Russia, at least for the remainder of the war." But in point of fact the same results are seen in every other branch of trade and production; the nobles are impoverished and discontented; the serfs iirc hard-worked and helpless ; and the very framework of society appears to be on the point of collapsing. The mighty fraud called the Russian empire, the huge Colossus which threatened the liberties of Europe and the extinction of nationali- ties, is thus brought to the very verge of dissolu- tion in the second year of the war. The time is favourable for in posing fetter: on the foe which will bind him to keep the peace for many years to come, and ihe|sligliiest reflection will demonstrate, that while the Western Powers have suffered comparatively little injury by the war—— while the arts of peace and the productive powers of Eng- land and France have gone on with little or no interrupIioo,——Russia at the present time is in Ilie agoi-ies of despair, and cannot even provide the material of war for her armies. However psinful it may be to contemplate human suffering as it now exists in the ‘ominions of the Northern Au- tocrst, yet it is pleasant to reflect ihst his inssti. able ambition has brought down upon him this retributive justice, snd human rights are vindica- ted by the perils of his position. lf barberity is weakness, civilization is certeiiily power, and Russia, noIwithsIsnding’her enorinoul territory and her sixty millions ofinhsbiianls, is the week- sst as well as the worst-governed country in Europe.

The inner life of the "_ free serfs" who labour in the cotton factories of Russia is well brought out in the article which we have quoted. We knew previously, that the Russian serfs as a body were addicted to theft snd drunkenness; but our belief previously was, that the labourers in these establishments stood higher, morally and physi- cslly, than the great majority of the same class. It is not so. The blighting inﬂuences of slavery and degradation contaminate all within their reach. " Peihaps falsehood and theft are nowhere more universal under the sun than amongst the scrf workmen of Russia. When detected csrrying oil‘ property, the usual punishment is not through any legal tribunal or authority; the employers take the law into their own hands, and as they have usually from three to.five or seven weeks’ wages reserved in their heads, they conﬁscate this amount, and discharge the thief forthwith. There is not a native workman in a large establishment, whether of manufactures or mechanics, that would not pilfsr, ifopportunity served. They are usually docile and easily managed, but they are ever ready to lie and to swear anything. If discovered in any petty theft or falsehood, they at once cast

begging forgiveness. The only workmen in . cotton factory who_ta_ks breakfast are the mechs. nice; no spinner, weaver, loom-tenter, or card- rcom band has any time allowed for breskfm The usual working hours are from 6.30 gm mi noon, when they go to dinner, If they bring any food with them, it is usually s piece or blag co-no -yo. which «he: bred: in pics». put it in... a wooden bowl, take it to a water tap, and when duly soaked it is in a condiiion to furnigh ‘hem with an intermediate meal. Or if they have 3 little salt to rub over the surface of this black heavy sour unlesvened breed, they appear to an it with great gusto. They have some rye-bread of rather better quality, for which they hug , name which, literally rendered, is bitter-swag, bread.”

This is a horrid picture of human wretcheilneu, and if we compare the state of the slaves in the Southern portions of the United States with those of Russia, the comparison is decidedly in favour of the former. The American planter feeds his sable properly on good and wholesome food, and the labour which he exacts from the African is luxury itself compared with that which the Russian i. compelled to perform from five in the morning lllllllelﬂlll at night. Living a life so iuiensely miserable, the unhappy creatures find consolation in the constant use of ardent spirits, and while I.he Russian population are amongst the poorest and most degraded in the world, they are at the some time the most inicmperate. “Their jg. vourite liquor, when they can get it, isaﬁcry raw spirit made from grain, and resembling slutl sometimes retailed in England as illicit whiskey. They live in lodging-houses like barracks. Au dine in common, and as they eat chiefly with wooden spoons and their ﬁngers, no plates, knives, and forks, or other little equipage are needed. At night, as many persons as a room will hold, all squat down on the ﬂoor, wrapped in their sheepskins, and so take their rest.”

The success in arms of an empire whose sons exist in this barbaric manner, where all morsl development is extinct, where liberty is unknown, and brute force is the only power recognised by the state, would be the curse of msnkiml,—the srinihilation of everything for which men desire to live; and the triumph before Sebastopol is the gteiiter because it will have the effect of paring the claws of the inonsier that would subjugste neighboring nations to this degraded standard, and demorslise God's creatures to the level of the brute creation. There are amongst us those who sympathise with Russia, who think that the war is unjust, that we were not justified in entering into it, and tlist Englsr.il’s policy ought to restrain her from taking part in other people's quarrels. But the aggressions of Russia are in the ratio of her biirbsrism. The growth of her power oversliadows the freedom of Europe, and if she had not been arrested in her attempts at conquest and annexation, the time would assuredly come when resistance would be vein. The dissolution ofthe Russian empire would be the enfrshcliisc- meat of Northern Europe.

Piirsiciii. Errscvs or A BoiiiiAItiuirii1'.—A private letter giving an account ofthe recent bom- bardment of Sweeborg, says that the men em. ployed on the aim boats had, as is usual. their cars padded with cotton, and a few cases of deaf- ness sre reported. but all employed experienced great pain in the chest, and in two days some of the men had not recovered their voices. The inortsr boats threw l,000 tons of shells !

THE NORTH FORT.

Welievc nothln to fear from the North Fort. It will soon he ours. We command its fate with certainity. it cannot hold a large

rrison.and the troops encamped near it or in its neighbourhood are in a most precarious condition. The army of General Lipradi, on Mackeiizic's Heights, is in great want of water, and provisions are scarce. in the southern side of Sebastopol great quantities of provisions must have been destroyed, and on the north side there are no suﬂicient places of depot for any suﬁcient amount of stores. The road to the North Fort ls commended by our position at Eupetorie, to which we are now freeto transport large and adequate forces to cut of the communications of the fort, to take the armies in the rear, and menace the safot of every Russian in the Crimes. Of two th ngs one, either we shell menace their positions, and orco them to battle or cepituletion; or they will play the desperate me, and at once attack us with a view to e nel stru ls. We

themselves on their knees, make the most abject

are ready for them, and doubt not the result.

submission and knock their heads on the door in T