4::

HASZAR

D'S GAZETTE. JANUARY 31.

ms ooxsrtrunon or us! !5Il'fH WA!-I-S. (pm. as Post.)

1139 npof Austra is has been so re-

run-kgb u of recent years, that the intelli-

‘gnu’ from that quarter has ceased to he

V/;)g‘u’rded with surprise or incredulity. _Th

e discoveries in New South Wales and to Victoria have suddenly raised those dis- tricts to_a pitch of material prosperity un- cxamplod in the history of colonial outer- prise. Whether the mineral treasures which they contain will prove a permanent source of wealth, or whether they are doom- ed to speedy exhaustion, is aquestion which no one yet can answer; but of the actual results ofthese discoveries no doubt can be entertained. That they have rapidly aug- mented population. and stimulated, in an extraordinary manner, both commercial and agricultural enterprise, are facts notorious and patent to all the world. Their effects upon the political progress of our fellow- subjects at the antipodes are yet to be ascertained, and a controversy has been lately raised in New South Wales which may lead to very important consequences. We allude to the form of the constitution to be adopted in that colony—a question which according to the latest intelligence, was itated with the greatest warmth throug out all classes of the community. \Ve may remind our readers that the one- rous duty of framing a constitution was imposed by the Imperial Government upon the Legislative Council of ew South Wales. That body accordingly have, in the course of the present year, produced aplan. which has been submitted to the colony, and the merits of which have been canvassed with an extraordinary amount of interest. It has been proposed that the Legislature of New South VVnles should consist of_t_wo chambers, one to be elected by the colonists, and the other to be nomi- nated by the governor. It is thus the desire ofthe Council of new South Wales to imitate the imperial model, as far as circumstances will permit, and we cannot but commend the prudence ofthis resolution. They have even carried their predeliction for the institutions of the mother country so far, as to suggest the creation of a heredi- tary nobility in the colony. \Ve commend the spirit in which this latter suggestion has been made. It etrays a deeply- rooted attachment to the time-honoured institutions of our country, in a quarter where we had hardly a right to expect it. At the same time, we are not prepared to admit the policy of this recommendation, The institution of a hereditary colonial nobility has been more than once proposed as a means of strengthening the ties which exist between the mother country and her distant de endencies. It was chiefly with this viewt at, so early as dtiring the reign of James the First, the territorial right of Baronet of Nova Scciia was created; and we believe that the late Charles Buller was in favour ofa scheme similar in principle to that now projected by the Council of New South Wales. At the same time. looking to the antecedents of that colony, it may well be doubted whether it as yet contains materials for such a purpose. In this coun- try the project will certainly be regarded as premature, and we may, therefore, dismiss it at present from our consideration. The controversy at present carried on in New South Wales relates to a question of more practical interest. VVe have stated that the committee of the Council appointed to draw up the plan ofthe constitution have recommeirdcd that the Upper Chamber should be nominated by the governor. This proposal has met the most resolute op- position from a large and influential party in the colony, who contend that both branches of the legislature should be elect- ed by the people. Great meetings had been held for the purpose of giving expression to these democratic opinions, and the ultimate decision of the question was postponed un- til ample time had been given for discussion and reflection. The council, we may state, aflirmed, by a large majority, the recom- mendation of the committee, so that the op- position to the scheme was confined almost entirely to a party out of doors, who were using every effort to get up such an agita- tion throughout the colony as should lead to its abandonment. Should this agitation prove successful, it is impossible to contem- plate the results without alarm. ./1nim- pulse and a triumph would thus be given to the democratic element in the colony, which could not fail materially to weaken its sym- pathies with the monarclrical institutions of the mother country. The merican repub- lie, and not the British constitution, would henceforth become the model for imitation; and the desire for separation and independ- ence would too probably follow. It is for these very obvious reasons that we trust the leaders of this movement may be defeat- ed. Their succsss in the oldest and most populous of our ./Iustralian colonies could not fail eventually to influence the destinies of all our other settlements in that quarter of the globe. Hence the importance of the present struggle, and the anxiety with which all who are interested in the preservation of our colonial empire will watcll its termi- nation. If we entertained any doubts as to the perils attending the progress of demo- cracy in Australia, they would be dispelled » by the recent intelligence from Victoria. In that colony, through an organised system of intimidation, the licence fee exacted at the " diggings” since the gold discoveries took place has been abolished. Of the im- ’ policy ofgiving way to_ such demands, it is superfluous to s alt; and we trust that the uuthoritieu of elbourne are prepared with su ciant reasons for their a parcntly weak and inconsistent conduct. fl is essential to the best interests of the community that this spirit of iusubordination should be checked, not fostered, as it but been, hysuch unwise concussions. The decision ofthe question

r . "now discussion in New South Wales

will, in all probability, therefore, afeet other interests beyond those immediately at stake. If, on the one hand, the resolution of the council is confirmed by the public voice of the colony, we may read in that confirmation an earnest of the future sta- bility of its institutions, and of its loyalty to our Queen. If, on the other, “the brawl- ing torrent of agitation" should bear down all before it at Sydney, as at Melbourne, we may well regard the consequences with anxiety and apprehension. Let us trust, meanwhile, that that spirit of moderation and cod sense which rarely altogether de- serts our countrymen in whatever circum- stances they may be placed, will finally re-

of the conservative spirit of ' thi upper classes of New uth Wales evinced in the prqjected constitution, and if experience 'au wisdom are weighed in the balance a- gainst the crudo theories of interested de- magogues, we do not despair of the result.

AUSTRALIA.

Australian advices have been received via Pana- ma, nearly a fortnight later than those by the last arrival, and thus furnishing another demon- stration as to the true route for spc rs dated Sydney. the lat 0ct., and give a favourable description of the general tone of the market for imported goods. 'l‘ho receipts from the various mines during the preceding week had been large, and the number of persons engaged at them was increasing. A new set for the regulation of the gold fields was to come into operation on the day of the vessel sailing. ll reduces the licence fee to ms or month and the royalty II n veins on crown nods to 3 per cem., while it a so abolishes all extra charge in the case offoreigners. Among the bills just passed in the Legislative Council was one for incorporating the Home River Null- way Company, and another for the Australian Coal Mining Company. The rice of gold was 77s 6d to78s, and the Ellen aird which had sailed for London on the 30th of September, had taken l3,8'I9 ounces (of which l0.907 are for the Union Bank of Austrslin), while the clip r ship Walter Hood, which would do art in a f:v days. was also to carry a consi erable sum. Among the questions under discussion consequent upon the warlike appearance of affairs in England lllle necessity for fortifying Sydney occupied a p ace.

Dxsrutu-ra Star: or -nix Parar. Tan- suitr.—A letter from Rome, of the 29th, says,—“ Loud complaints against the min- isters and their operations have characteris- ed the first sittings of the newly re-assembl- cd financial council of state; nor will any strength of expression or energy of debate surprise us in future on its part, if we re- flect that the pope himself gave it an ex- ample of dissatisfaction only a few days ago, by showing himself moved even to tears whilst rccapitulating in his speech to the councillors the disasterous condition of the state finances. VVhat remedy can be pro- posed for the evil of an annually increasing deficit remains to be seen, as also whence the money is to come for this year's deficit, amounting to 2,700,000 scudi, about a quarter of the net revenue of the state. There are but three methods, and all are impracticable, especially the last :—-to con- tract a new loan, to impose fresh taxes, to lay hands upon some portion of the ecclesi- astical property.” -

Tau Errnxinc arm -rita " Soits.”—lt is sow ascertained that only seven deaths occurred in the rder of Sons of Temperance in this city during the epidemic. What u significant fact.—Neui

Capt. McKay, the builder and owner of the Great Republic, has issued orders for immediate preparations to be made for the laying of snotlier vessel, to be built rocisely similar in every respect to the plan of the one destroyed.

Iuroii-ran Cains.-—By the lust cstisus it sp- pears that in the year ending June 1,1850 there were 13,000 natives, including colored prisoners, convicted for crime, and H.000 foreign. By the same authority it appears, that while we have but about one foreign resident to nine native white. there is a fraction over one foreign-born criminal to every native criminal, including black and white.—Uni'ted Slater aper

SABLI ISLAND.

Tits: following letter from Miss Dix to a gentle- man at New York, pointing out the demand for some measures for protection against the loss of human life, and of property on the shores of Sable Island. has been publ' at New York, for the purpose of bringing the -facts contained in it to the knowledge of commercial men. The facts came to her knowledge in consequence of a visit which she made to the Island, while engaged in the prosecution of her philanthropic labors for the benefit of the neighboring ritisli Provinces. They appear to be deserving of the attention of the commercial public, with a view to the ad tion of some means for remedying the great do fccts which appear to exist for guarding against the disasters of that haurdous navigation.

Mosrasan, C. E., Nov. 2.

Slit :—You ask some account of Sable Island. and its recources as a Humane Establishment. I must reply briefly, assuring special details at the earliest leisure. The Island of Ssblon, Sable or Sand, is a dependency of Nova Scotia, and lies in the Atlantic ocean, in the track of vessels selling between the Nothuru States, and the Peninsula. and Nothern Europe. It is divided ccntrall , léy the meridian of 00° North latitude, ranging ‘. . E. from Halifax, and S. S. E. of Ca Canssau, the nighest point of the main land, an from which it is eighty-five miles distant. The ceiling dis- tance, direct from Halifax. is about one hand and filly miles. I have on led a chart of the most recent surveys of the Is and and Shoals. by Capt. Baylleld, R. N. and published by authority of the Home Department, and will send it to you with the more special dstsils by-aad- .

Sable lslsnd com a success on of low- grsssy sand-hills an and beach. extending in a crescent form, diagonally, twenty-four miles and terminated at either sxtreiaity by a superficial beach or bar several miles in breadth ; its average width is about one mile. -\ salt lake traverses the south side, fourteen miles long and half a mile wide, divided from the ocean’ by a low sand ridge or brosd beach: during severe storms, the sea makes a passage at several pcistrlsto these waters. At the west and of the Lake is a fresh

9 ‘Y

grass grown sand. highest sand-bills sttsis an sliiimfo of about ssvosty

...

noriti-out oxtroiiilty ofthe Isle near the estu- ussssisost ct itis catosstvs sspsrdstsl her. wild

sums its sway. We have a striking proof

water pond divided only by a narrow strip of l’so.t‘ and rise at the h‘

tcrmlautcu pr roaches beyond this end of the Island p . Island in this direction is gaining stsadily. whilrtpo opposite extremity. as the re- curds tfllu. has wasted many miles.

Ssblu Island has, since its discovery. been the dread and terror of mariners in fog and stiirm. I possess a list of nearly two hundred ships and lesser vusssls. belonging chiefly to En land and the United States, which have been out there within the last fifty yours. ‘Ilia mariners station- ed there told inc that it was not uncommon after dunes fbgs or heavy winds, to Ind fragments of the wrecks of vessels and remains of cargoes, of which nothing beside was known.

1‘ s Island has no harbour. nor any secure an- chorugu. Vessels wishing to effect communica- tion with the Island, which few voluntarily undurtsko, anchor about three quarters of a mile fmm the shore, takin positiouon the nort_horn side of the Island, w on the wind is from‘ the south, and more distant on the south side, when u northerly wind prevails. setting a wuteh—but weighing anchor and scitig sail when a chiingc is threatened.

Shoals and bars make out fully sixty miles from the south side: on the north, the banks fall ofl'to depip water more suddenly.

he Province of Nova Scotia, aided by the mother I ' ‘ " ' ........2.: ing of eight able bodied sssrusn, one lame sou- man, a good shore worker, and an active boy, who are to render prompt aid whenever a ship is die- covercd beating in in distress. A regular watch is established: and the circuits are made once in twenty-four hours: in addition. observations are made frequently from the crnw’s nest on the mid- land signal stud, when the density of fogs does not close the view.

The Superintendent is authorised to command the time and direct all ernploymenton the Island : himself the second in command, and the third, have there their families: besides the seamen and their families the Island has no inhabitants. Shipwrecked persons are liable to be detained for several months in winter, and often for many weeks at other seasons. till the arrival of the Government vessel, which is charged to furnish provisions and such supplies as the Islanders re-

re.

Lumhcr for the construction of the dwelling- housos, work-she . store~houses, bost-houses. refuge houses, an for fuel is amply supplied by the remains of wrecked route a.

There are four one-story dwelling-houses: a house of refuge on the south-western extremity of the Island, consisting ofa decent room, having a lira-place filled with dry wood, a match box, bucket, tin cup, axe and a bag of sou-biscuit hang- ing against the wall. The door is simply latched, written directions are put up indicating the inbui- ted parts of the Island, and showing that fresh water can be h by digging eighteen inches or two feet into the sand.

On the south side, is another refugo~hnuao, ex- csllently built by the present superintendent : there is _snother_ further cast. an a good furnished building nigh the entrance and most occupied r- tion of the Island, where the seamen and at on remain till taken ofl‘ as before stated.

Good order and good habits prevail. No higher wages are paid to seamen serving here, than to mariners on sailors‘ duty at sea. There are ac- vcrsl excellent surf-boats, but no available life- boat, and so light-house, neither fog-bells. life-boat was soins years since constructed on the Island. It has a close convex dsclr, and precludes the safe use of the cars except in perfectly smooth water. and is pronounced by all practised in nau- tical alairs who have seen it, utterly useless.

The question of establishing a light-house on Sable island has been considered; Earl Dunde- nsld, Sir John Harvey, Sir George Seymour, and the present Provi _ . have all advo- catod the measure: as also Captain Bsyfisld of the Royal Navy, and others, masters in the mer- osnieal service. As yet the subject has not been flaslly acted u it by the civilians who have con- trol in Nova us. I am not stile to state how far fog-bolls would be useful, not having heard the question referred to at all: butl should imagine that on the northern side than could be laced to great advantage at several stations. should think bloc of stones to thick heavy chains de- taining buoys, hearing a stall‘ and bell, might be sslqursly And, as on the coast of Maine, and else- w are.

lam sorry that I cannot at this time give you other important information. I merely add, that within thirty hours after I arrived at Sable Island, in July last, the Guide, an English vessel, naarly now, eight days from New York, with a full car- go of flour and other supplies for the Labrador, cams on shore in a fog, on the south side, and was a total loss—uIl hands and the cargo saved.

laui, . it, yours with sentirnsntslpf Irps tful

appreciation. . ix.

Econontr or Lrvrrio. —The Indian wastes his meat when he has plenty and ties up his stomach tight with a leather thong when heisin want from hunger, and thus en. dares it patiently till the time comes for another feed. Our people, when in good wagos, broil ham costing is. a lb., and brake prime joints of beef and mutton, and throw away'tho bones; or boil them (but not often) and throw away the water; and when bad times come. they buy bread, and eat it dry as long as thcy can get it; gnd then they somehow do without till prospgg-jiy comes round again, when they follow the same course. All this is very barbs.-our, A moderate amount of civilized teaching and care would spread a nutritious, vs;-long, agreeable dist over the whole period, u the same cost, and probably at a much smaller one. But nobody seems to know of the nutritious quality imparted to humgn by the process of cooking in water, though we uxpatiate mightily upon it when the question is _ol'stall-feeding cattle. We ICON Il|CII' IIIPIIIPI and choppgd gu-gw ‘yd |l|{|l- lull '0 '10"! their hay; and we ‘"185 "10 5°33“. 0}‘ measure their milk, 3ll‘l_l’°|3l 0‘ ll" dlscovcry in their case (Vll|¢l|. 5! ll" Vty, Count Rumford point- '‘l 00‘ |l’°||l llllf a century ago); and, all the while. .thousands of people in not °°l{||l|']_ IN lllhing their meat on Sundays, 953108 ll 0°“ While it lasts, and then doing Without till Sunday coru_cs again; and the laborsrs are eating bread and potatoes, with s relish of bacon now and than-—know- ing nothing of the comfort of a stcwof vegetables, thickened with meal, and flavor- ed with that same bacon, or something else that is as cheap or cheaper.

'5

snap auoso -rua Caocxaar.—A very amusing incident occurred a few days since

cfousshocp tcfcllow another. A

suiattd was an street and when 3:; unv°oii"i:.lp.lu' ‘the Gibson

in Cincinnati, illustrative of the natural’

House, the foremost one made a rush to go into an alley, but a man suddenly com- ming out, somewhiit frightened the sheep, and it deviated slightly from the true concer, darting into. a lamp store followed by the whole flock. The ‘crowd, anxious to wit- ness the sport, instantly blocadod the door, so that there was no in e of egress for the urrceremonious visitors, and as the lamp store was too contracted to suit their pecu- liar notions, and wishing to regain their liberty as speedily as possible, they saw no other means of escape but throu h the window. One of them made a brea , and leaped throu h the show window, upon the pavement, emolishing in the progress, glass ware, china,--&c., with an alacrity truiy praiseworthy. The crowd immediatly fell back from the door, and allowed a free passage, but every sheep jumped through the hole in the inwodw.

Holloway‘: Oiiitltsnt and Pills a certain Ours for Eruptions and all diunsu of the Sktu.—Ex- tract of a letter from Mr J. llird, ld:°u‘por, Kandy, dated February Id. l858.—-" To uasor Hollo- wsy,—Sir-—My child, when three months old, was alilictod with severe urn ions all over the body; I sought ovary aid and t e advice of surgsous and

hysicians, by all of whom tliu case was considered

opeloss; I then tried your Ointment and Pills, and without ernggerutiou. the effect was miraculous, for in Ililflll time she was restored to perfect health. Mr Bowden. bookseller. Gainsborough. or myself, would be happy to satisfy any inquircr as to the truth of this statement."

EASZARIPS GAZETTE. Tuesday, January 81,1864.

SUPREME COURT SI'I'l'INGS AFTER HILARY '1‘

Alexander Robinson, Appellant, vs. Francis Mc- Qusds, Henry Vickcrsou and John Stewart, Respondents.

This was an appeal from the judgment of '!’boophi- lus DssBrisay, Robert Hutchinson and Peter Mae-

owan, Bquires, Justices of the Peace. for the sum of Three Shillings and Five-pence Halfpenny. being the amount of an assessment imposed by the Trustees of the St. Peter's Road,Dunstalfusgs School District, for the cost of fuel for the use of the School is the said District, for the present your. and the cost of furnishing the said School.