JANUARY 25. 1954

Widening Education

Horizons

This issue of Widening Educa- tional Horizons has a foreword wr...m.r rs:.:;.r:..?:.-:c;;2- 5.; r o - uuction. Department of Education.

This article brings before the mamrg public the type of work that is carried on by this depart- ment mad. the oppw-tunity that is amilablo for ohilthvn who are un- able to attend school.

appended to Mr. MacPhail's rrvveword is I -letter received by him from Mr. Harvard H. Ellis. Director of Putnam Technical school Putnam. Conn. Mr. Ellis is a former Islander. born in 0'- Leary, P.E.I. It is gratifying to note that the correspondence murse put out by our Depa.rtm.ent ni Education under the supervis- ion of Mr. MacPhall has received such favorable comment from the Putnam Technical School, Con- necticut, of which Mr. Ellis is dir- prior.

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Correspondence Instruction

The Correspondence S t u d y Branch of the Prince Edward island. Department of Education

provides correspondence instruction :n all the regular public school subjects for Grades I to X, inclu- VIC.

Each of the courses is based on the "Programme of Studies" for me public schools of Prince Ed- ward Island. Eaclr, except in the HIEC of the lower grades, is writ- len in the language of the aver- J10 boy or girl in the grade for which the course was prepared and each uses the same books that are used in the public schools.

Correspondence instruction is :Il'.'illable for the following:

i. Pupils living in dlsiricis that have no teacher employed.

Crippled and sick children.

Isolated pupils.

Older pupils (over corr.()ulsory school attendance age) who are

needed at home and wish to continue their studies.

A correspondence course in Lat-

in is available for any pupil in

the province who wishes to study that subject.

The cost of the correspondence study course to pupils is one dol- iar per month, but is sent free to all crippled children. There is no charge for the course in Latin.

Pupils are enrolled for corres- pondence study on the recommen- dation 0' the Supervisor of Schools. Teachers and parents who wish to have a pupil enrolled should therefore apply to their local Supervisor. I-f he approves of the application the course is then mailed dimct to the parent. Application forms may be procur- ed at the Departm-rrnt of Educa- tion or from any of the School Supervisors. '

Correspondence oourses could prove very helpful to tcaclicrs as in izuide in the clns-sroorn and are available to the following:

in) The course for any grade will be mailed on applica- tion to all older teachers who . have rccently return- ed to teaching. and to all teachers who have not had proifeesional training.

The course for Grades IX . and X will be mailed on request to any teacher in an ungradcd school.

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Aura

:”

(1))

Dear Mr. MacPhail:

You will perhaps recall the writerls visit at your office last August. I just want you to know that I have not forgotten my pro- mise to write you and forward one of our School catalogs.

Head of our social Studies pro- gram submitted the following com- ments regarding your correspond- ence course materials:

"In looking over the Correspond- rnce Study Courses prepared by me Doprirtmcnt of” Education. Charlottctowri, Prince Edward Is- land. I was impressed by the ini- mense amount of patience,' core, and understanding of the problem uliiclr have gone into the propa- i.1I.ion of these courses. ,

"Where intimate ieachcr-pupil contact is lost, the students' inter- rst will often lag. However. these xourses show. through their skill- fully constructed qucstions. prob- lem solving situations. and broad activities that student interest hns been uppermost in the minds of the writers. Remarkable too, are

the courses for their broad scope.

"I feel that these courses coni- pare most favorable with any of our primary and secondary school currioula."

The foregoing also expresses my opinion and might also say we find these materials valuable as mod- els for developing individual in- struction sheets in connection with our several Vocational Courses.

Wishing you A Happy New Year and prosperity in all your good works in Education.

Yours very truly, ll. H. Ellis. Director P-uinam Technical school.

too

uuman s'r arr-:s - sramsn C0-OPERATION-(Continued)

The Debate. Americans in gen- eral approve any plan that can strengthen the U. S. against the danger of Communist attack, but some have doubts about the value od the agreement with Spain.

The Political Question: There are two points of view on the po- litical question that crop up in any discussion of Spain. Those who dislike Francisco Franco, head of the Spanish government say: "Franco won his way to power by

France and Germany if I. war starts". A belief that this is the case is causing French morale to drop. It would be wiser for the U. 8. to spend more money streng- thening its present alues such as France rather than Spain.

Spain against Rod China: A lot of British leaders are also critical of U.S. oo-operation with I "fas- cist" govennment. Supporters of the Spanish pact answer their English critics in this way: "Many of the same British leaders who are so indignant about Spain, fav- or the idea of admitting commun- ist China to the UN and of trying to get along with her in general. Red China. is not only a dictator- ship but it has been waging war against the U. S. and her allies. Spain on the other hand has been

military-economic agreement with Spain. The debate is certain to continue for a long time to come.

(To be continued)

THE EVE?-IKELADES (A bit about Florida)

revolution against the Spanish Re- public. in a war that lasted iroml 1936 to 1939. He rules as a. dic- tator. During World War II; he, kept up good relations with the Nazi dictator. Adolf Hitler. Al- though hc d.id not actually Hliefj the conflict, he did praise Hitler” in speech-cs. The U. S. should have nothing to do with him.

As the "New York Times" the U.S. fought World War II to defeat fascism. but now it is mak-E

says. .

'im: an agreement with a fascisti

government. If there had been anyi chance of overthrowing the Fran- co regime, the "Times" declares, that chance is now gone. The newspaper continues: "As the U.S. strengthens the Franco govern-I ment's military forces, it strcng- thens its grip on the country. and its economic aid will have a sim- ilar polltiral effect. Surely the highest purpose of American poli-E cies is to defend democracy against; all totalitarian forces, fascist asl well as communist. If this be for-! gotten or overlooked in the pro-l cess of making agreements with; Franco. the cause of liberty willl suffer grave rituuagc". i o .

Those who irvvr.- the a:rccni.'.:rit.. with Franco Spain reply in the: following manner:

"It is true that Franco won the right to govern bv revolution. In! doing so. h'n':cvcr. be wiped out! Spanish communist and other rad- ical groups which lind been work- ing wlth Russia. If Franco had not taken over the government. Spain might be a communist na- tion today. The U. S should be

1

.thankfui this is not the case. The

Sprinish regime may not be a dc- mocracy such as the U. S. but it may be necesznry for Franco to govern with a rziiher strong hand for the time being. If the U. S. helps him to improve the living conditions of his people, Franco may turn to more democratic ideas in government.

"Some people think it is fine that ihe U. S. works with the communist dictatorship in Yugo- slavia. because it happens to be anti-Russia. but they are against Franco. There is far more reason for working with Franco who has always been I bitter enemy of Russian communism. The thing to decide is whether working with Franco is in the U. S.'s own inter- est. The U.S. government decided that co-operation with Yugoslavia was justified because it gives add- ed strength against Russia. Co- operation with Franco is also jus- tilled. for buses in his country can add further strength to U. S. de- fences".

U. S. Allies: A good many Eng- lishmen, Frenchmen, and others approve the U. S. agreement with Spain. However. many others in the Eunopean countries allied with the U.S. disapprove of the agree- ment.

Frenchmen, critical of r.o-opera- tion with Spain say. for example: "The new agreement means that the 11.8. does not believe that Germany and France can be held against Russia. The U. 8. shows that it plans to withdraw inin

isandy shore.

lmen go mm the margin

Florida. is mostly flat with R low At the southern tip are a number of islands known as the Florida Keys. These are coral formations and interesting, but by no means the most interesting feature of Florida.

Most of the southern part of this peninsula is covered by a dense swamp. It is known as the Everglades. Even to this day their depths are little known. In them live Indians who are almost un- touched by civilizaiion. They zilonc know the way through the man- groves that grow upon the mud

and water. Legend has it that many of these paths are rcally tunnels under the high arched Ii-oois.

St:-nnzc stories are told of a peculiar religdnh of these tribes. They are supposed to be serpent worshippers. However. since so lit- tle is known about them, probably many of the stories are imagin- ary.

C O O

The animal life of the Ever-

glades is interesting. Herc wallow

great alligators. I-Ierc also live giarit frogs. At least they would 566111 like giants to us. They are

such good jumpers that they have developed great hind legs which are very good to eat. of swamp and catch these frogs. The legs are sent to New York rest- riurnnis to be eaten.

lmaginc yourself in a fiat-bob tomed bout poling your way along through the dark waterways. The trees meet overhead making the light eerie and dim. Trees must be marked as you go or you may never return. There is no path or waterway that runs in any given

idirection but just one murky pool

leading out of another one. Here and there are little patches of ground higher than the surround- mg swamp. It is on these that you may catch the frogs but you will have to be smart or they will jump far out into the middle of the pool or sink out of sight.

Although the deepest of these swamps are in Florida. they occur also in other parts of the southern states. The bayous at the mouth of the Mississippi are almost as thick and dark. others are found in the Carolinas and Georgia. There has been some atierrupt to drain some of them but without any great success. Most of them remain as they were at the time of de Lion-mysterious and im- penetritble.

. - . Learning About Vowel:

l. (at Underline the first vowel in each word below.

(b) Write L after each word be- low, if the first vowel has a. long sound as-0 in word note.

Writc-,S after each word below if the first vowel has A short sound as-o in the word not.

music . . came .. spell . .. killed happy rock .. . monkey . . clue cot strutting . nature ...villagc until . . ate husband . mother pinned ...frlnge .thin:ner . sick

strength . won shadowy blossom , O 0

Learning about Antonynuu

Spain and let Russia Mcllpy

Antonyms are words that are

ova BOARDING HOUSE

HULLO, 6HORT BEER! You STIL Anouuo ? I blow EXPECK -ro FIND A FLv IN 114' HOU5E Tm; TIME or YEAR !-w W5LL,NON'6 1'. SEEN THE . How, WHERES

Major Hoople

AGERIE Z

AND ZEBR . . . fl;

HELLO, JAKE! You srauo A Barrel: , V CHANCE OF FlNDiN6 A FLV HERE THAN nu THAT Eoxcmz You 1 . Juer CRANLED out or:!--.- I COME ON IN---- were ALL I STOCKED up on GIRAFFES As, eur M'AY8E-

E

,E

i WE CAN USE A x r rrnaue CLOWN AIII.

? ACT! ,...,...,..v

E

living in peace with her neigh-

The above are among the argu-: merits for and against the U. s..

As a. result. the"

ITHE GUARDIAN.

opposite in meaning.

The word HOT is the opposite

of the word GOLD. HOT is the

sntonym of COLD.

In the sentences numbered 2,

below, write an antonym for the

underlined word in 1.

I. The market place noisy.

2. The market place was very

I. They went out of the village to a large pool

2. They went out of the village to a . .. pool. g

1. Her mother was a strong wo- man and did not mind the hard work

2. Her mother was 8. man and did not mind the work.

1. They were proud of their eldest son

2. They were proud of their . son. I

. At last the elephant was very clean

2. At last the elephant was very

was very

WO-

t..

I B O Underline an ahtonym in each row to match the first word in that row.

upon-Avon. and at the two capital cities of London and Edinburgh. British Universities have coni- bined since 1948 to organize an- nually a special progrvamme of Summer Schools providing primar- ily for the needs of post-graduate students from the universities of America. Europe, and the British Commonwcaltli. Fiftccn to twenty- fivc nationalities are usually repre- sented at each course. Although the courses are mainly intended for post-grad-uaie students. includ- ing teachers in universities and schools, aprplications are carefully considered from others with suit- able qualifications. especially un- dergraduates in ihcrr last two years at a univcrsiiv.

The schools will last six weeks and are recognized for credits at American uriiversitics. Lectures. tutorial work. and opportunities to visit places of interest will be features of each course.

Fees, for full board, lodging. and tuition for the six weeks, are be- tween 26:! and 2272. A limited number of scholarships are ofIcr- ed by the British Universities and the British Council.

UNIVERSITY OF BIRMING- I-LAM-to be held at Stratford- upon-Avon:

SHAKESPEARE AND ELIZA- BEPHAN DRAMA-Eighth annual Shakespeare Summer School-July 3-August 14. Fees 5270 iapprox. U. S. &l97.'75).

UNIVERSITY OF LONDON:

ART. LI'I'.ElR.A'I'URE, AND MU- SIC IN ENG-LAND IN THE 17TH AND 18TH CiEN'I'URIE3-As the literary and artistic centre of England in the clas-lcal period. London preserves in its buildings. galleries. and records essential material for study of these cen- turies. July i2-August 20. Fees 5263 (approx. U. S, sl'lB). UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD:

POI.J.'I'ICAL AND I..I'Tl:'.R.ATUR.E IN THE 20'I'H C'FIN'I'U'R.Y-A study of British political develop- ment since 1900 and of English literature in this century. with special reference to the impact of social and political forces on the literature of the period. July 2- August 13. Fees 272 (approx. U.s. iszoruox.

SCOTTISH UNIVERSITIES-in be held at the University of Edin- burgh:

THE DEVEDOIPINEENT OF MOD- ERN WESTERN CIV'ILIZA'I'ION- History, literature, ideas. June 28-

August 7. Fees 5:72 (approx. U. 8. 5203.40). For full brochures and further

information. apply in:

Dr. J. F. Leddy, Secretary of the National Conference of Canadian Univervities, University of Sask- atchewan. Saskatoon. Saskatchew- an. or

The Secretary of the summer School at the Universities of Bir- mingham. Edinburgh. London, or Oxford.

British Unlverslties' Summer Schools

Until two years ago I had never heard of the Summer schools or- ganized by the British Universit- lcs for overseas students Quite by chance I was told about one of the courses; this led me to make further inquiries, with the result that for the past two summers I have availed myself of the oppor- tunity to attend a Summer school in Britain, A year ago at the Uni. versity of Oxford. and during this last summer, at the University of

. do not have

CHARLOTTETOWN

on who may never have heard of the possibility of a thoroughly enjoyable and prontsble summer, quite different from the usual round of travel and sightseeing in Britain. And, from the fact that each summer only one other per-

Cansda. I judge that Canadians information about these courses or they would be there in larger numbers.

The courses are open to univer- sity gradrntes. During the past summer they were offered by four univeisitles, London, Oxford, Bir- mingham, and Edinburgh. The course at the University of Lon- don was on economics; the one at Oxford dealt with modern polit- ical" trends and modern culture. At Edinburgh it was A history course, "The Development of West- ern Civilization", stressing the modern rather than the ancient aspects of this matter. Tire Uni- versity of Birmingham gave a course on Drama and the Theatre, and, I suppose to get the proper setting, they gave it at Stratford- on-Avon, not Birmingham.

The term in lasts six weeks. but, if it is im-

gow, posible to attend for the full

1. narrow thin .. , time, fees may be paid to cover

wide heavy ,, , only half the course, the first

3 rapid slow , three weeks or the last three

,-we; race , weeks. Many who are pressed for

3. m,,-mam , eastern time will avail themselves of this.

far-off .. . southern The fees include the cost of tuit-

4. bright . sliining , ion. meals. and a room in a Urn-

fast dull . verslty residence. and in the case

5. high low of Edinburgh numerous trips to

up long places of interest in Scotland at

6. mid ice the week-end. The fees in all the

hol , , sgup Universities are extremely low,

7. dry H V lyozgn partly because they give all this

wet . ground at an absolutely nominal cost and

3, pretty V son, partly on account of the rate of

beaumm uggy exchange which puts everything

- - - at a low cost for people from

British L'niversities Summer N01"?-h Ameflm. The leci-lilies are

Schools, 1954 given by various men. all of them

outstanding scholars ix: British

For 1954 SUIHIT-CF 5'-110015 RFC Universities, specialists in different offered at Oxford, at Stratiord- gems of study,

The courses are conducted in the regular routine of "term" time with lectures and tutorial groups. The numbers in these groups vary according to the University; in Oxford the groups were small, con- sisting of from five to eight per- sons; in Ediniiurgh they were much larger. There is no exami- nation to write at the end of the

course; one can get it statement of attendance at lectures if one desires it.

This covers a bare outline of what the courses involve. but it is by no means the most interesting part. It may sound absurd 3 I nilglrt be thought rather ti- mental and extravzigant. but Ican honestly say that each of my two sununers. the one at Oxford and the other in Edinburgh, has given me a new outlook, is new stimulation. a. broader point of 1vlcw, a much better understand-

each University ,

son besides myself came fromr

4

ing of people and world aflalrs, and last, but by no means least, a very great deal of happiness. If a tourist were to K0 to Britain and spend six weeks travelling and sight-seeing, he would enjoy the English and Scottish country- side, he would come face to face with the events of British history in the old cathedrals and castles, and he would - probably - meet some charming people. But. if the same person settles for six weeks in a British University. he is still likely to do a considerable amount of travelling and sight-seeing at the week-ends and either before or after the course: he will en- counter the reminders and evid- ence of British history in the cathedrals and castles he visits, he will meet very many charming and delightful people at the Uni- versity; b-ui, in addition to all this, he will get an insight into and an acquaintance with the British mind. And this last was the peak of my enjoyment. Every- one knows thc absolute power of any idea. whether it is Christian- ity or communism or nationalism or whatever it may be, and every- one acknowledges the world's im- mense debt to British ideas in the field of political thinking and in- dustrial growth and science. In one of these short courses in Brit- ain. one comes into contact with some of the best British minds and gets their point of view and some idea of all that has gone into the making of Britain's greatness and power in the world of thought. If I may be permitted

a bit of rather vulgar but ax-