, 2i). 191g

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.I'IEIION|I

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» m A COAL-MINE ails overthrow or Napoleon sovereigns of Prussia. and plid a short visit to Eng- - one of them happened to , hit way to Tyneslde. Somebody hmmllnnoed u... distinguished MINI! to descend the coal-mine at Mhllsend, worldfumous for its Nbdllotion of the "black diamonds" Which afterwards brought its own-

m an g profit of $5,000 u week. Huy-

r

l

\

f. writer

ing donned the thick flaunt-d jacket 941d short trousers, the usunl garb ~01 the miner. he was escorted w -tim mouth of the pit. v/here he stopped short and asked whether this was really the place he had D8011 recommended to visit. Upon being assured that it was, he ad- to the very edge of the pit, 5W Q38 100k was enough! He step- iwipitutely buck and holding D his hands. cried in French :“Ahl Mon Dieu. it is the mouth of Hell; nobody but a mudmnn would ven- hire into it!" Hasiily retreating, he ‘lliDDOd off his flunncls as quickly . l8 b0 could, and donning the . Ipiéfldid uniform of o. Russian Gen- hrnl. noon left the “mouth of Hell" ' It!’ behind him. The person who displayed such u. ctmspicllotls lack ubf courage was Nicholus the First Emperor of ull the Rumba!

Still. few persons. oven of those IQ-Sldfliii in n. coal district, nrc pos- Icswd '0! sulllcient "nerve" to de- IOOIIG l mine. There is u feeling of danger, together with the incon- renient. lndwlisugrccablc nature of the journey, that deters all but the Infill; inquisitive. The managers, $00, were not ‘keen at allowing in- experienced. strangers into the work

- ingslmd discouraged or absolutely refused such visitors. The present however, had practically ‘carts Ihllnche for some years, dur- lhg which time he made occasional Yilits underground, and the 1m- ionl thereof are now laid be- rothe Nader. gfilepplng into a. structure like a hugs cgge, made of thick iron bars,

,/, the ylsftor finds himself among u

group of miners, all dressed alike in tholgitrb described ubovc. The sig-

‘= "m1 is given, and being received by

i.

1.11s "brakesmun" in the distant '-"brakehou.se" (engine room» the cage begins to descend. The (luylight fades as the cage goes down. and In o, little while the illusion creeps ‘ Into the mind that we are ascend- ‘flngi-MI-‘hy this is so is a mystery, but ill to whom I have mentioned " it, have had the some experience. Presently, if the brakcsmun is an '-"01d hand“ we are deposited lightly ind smoothly at, the bottom of the ‘ma, 11 he is. '5, novice. he drops . the cage with a hump that makes . Me's teeth chatter!

‘The bottom of this particular flliaft was s. large room (whitewash- fiq out!) and here We were served Fhaked lights," as the mine was not j "glassy" one. The lamps were

- mped like a, granite-ware teapot.

wick being insoriod in the spout‘. n“! they were carried by bail hand-

. Though the eye soon bczame

fimrstomed to the dim light-s. the se of utter darkncqs. in all but lr immediate vicinity, was ever sent. Long, dreary. and seem- 1y interminable passages branch- men in every direction. The floor

has generally wet. and here M111

- them shallow sloughs were irups for

unwary travellcr. The roof cou-

d of stone. supiaortcd by thick ts, and was not unfzcquently kcd with fossils buziczl- thfre for tlegg ages. Evcything remind- the visitor of the. immense

i th to which ho 1nd descended . m the cheerful surface of the ‘ ‘h. The "prospect, partially dis- yed by the dim twinkling lights. .- h appeared anti disappear-oil i ' distant mctcors. was unultrr- ., dreary. The sound of rusliinfl ripping water, the clnnklnfl of

clmixis, the rattle of the "trams" (coal-wagons) and the occasional report of gun-powder, made 0 strange medley, that in a. nervous mind would easily excite feelings akin to terror. The activity, the bustle, and the boisterous mirth often exhibited by the "begrimed and sooty gnomes” who flitted in every direction, formed a. strange contrast to the feelings of the cas- ual visitor.

Travelling in the main seam of coal was comparatively easy: them one could walk upright. There were other seams where progress was slow and painful, as the traveller was bent double; if he momentarily forgot and raised his head at the wrong place, he was likely to “see stars" despite his leather cup with its iron strips! And in some places he might be compelled lgnobly to so on hands and knees. ‘

Before taking leave of the busy

scene, the visitor" was sure to be the centre of a little ceremony. A miner. deputed by his fellows, comes up, cup in hand. "Your footing, Eor?" he says, and the intruder having previously been coached, “pays his footing" and is henceforth a man and s. brother. invested with the freedom of the mine. Ami his footing will be "liquidated," and his health drunk at the village tuvem that night. for the pitman of those days was u drouthy soul, and "fond of his beer.” A most, interesting experience in every vray; but take my word for it, one liked lo step out of the cage into the sunshine again.

MAN AND THE WEATHER

A saying of Mark Twains, often quoted, was to the effect that evcrylflidy talks of the weather, but nobody docs anything about, it. I am not; so sure about the latter clause. Al; one time the forests of the Mis- sissippi valley were only second in extent to those of the Amazon vai- ley in the southern continent. In that day the vegetation held the. moisture, provided shelter from the prevailing winds, and in general favored a more equable temperature. When. in the effort to bring this immense tract under cultivation, the valley was denuded of its tim~ ber, there has followed a long record of appalling disasters by floods and hurricanes.

California has long been associat- ed with the ides. of "eternal sum- mer. reigning supreme." In former times storms (excepting dust whirls) were almost unknown there. Since the grcnt irrigation works compris- _ ing over thirty million acres were completed, California, Arizona and New Mexico have scarcely a day without a storm, according to the weather bureau 0f the USA. in 1932 the Los Angeles newspapers reported that 75 per cent of the grape-fruit crop was damaged when the thermometer dropped to 20.2 degrees. Heat and moisture are great. breeders of climutic disturb- ance. In both cases man has done something to alter the weather, but not altogether to his satisfaction.

POTATOES: A PROBLEM

We have an excellent crop of potatoes this year. but so fur traffic in them is hanging fire, to mix the | metaphors. It seems as if the 11:0- ductlon of this commodity his reached a point when some means of processing the surplus must. be‘ qundcrtaken, in the interests of the ‘producer; und perhaps nothing] jbcttrr has been devlsctl than the flicking“ .\'.;ge$t€d in a recent‘ ilBtl/EI‘ to The Guardian. In the years immediately’ before lthe Great War tile German fllrm- icrs grew thousands of nctcs of po- iutoes more than they needed. The German govcrnmcnt oxpcctrci to (Continued on Page l3)

m.‘

New

u is the best time to plant dy lilies. While bulbs which have n emf-led cvc: the winter in cold

rage may be ‘purchased and ted in the sprint. and will DY?"

e flowers somewhat later than.

1 planted bulbs. the hazards of

.wlnter outdoors ,arc on the

ole less than those of 511F108 ting.

is true even of those im-

d bulbs which cannot be ob-

. . until Novenfbcrcoften they

not obtainable until alter the

. has frozen, and it may seem

llate to plant them. But there is

way of dealing mo. this dif-

ulty. Decide on the spot where

. umlivll. _e. the [DIG blfiddd HIM!

[interest In Lilies

i

iground soft until the lilies are put in.

, Drainage is the most ImPOW-flnl _' requirement for most lilies. 1t there is u suspicion of dilmlmfls" “Milt rmjvpraee. ‘in your garden. if the soil thcrc dries out slowly and water sometimes stands for n l9"? 110"“ nftor a lain, avoid that D1509 101‘ lilies.

Lillum Aurahun, the JHDPIMSB gold bnndffd lily. is one of the vari- eties which arrive late. largest of our garden lilies, it is Dflfllfllllfll‘ about the soil it grows in. In addi- tion to being well drained .11; Should be somewhat acid. Woods soil with a location at the edse 0f n W000- innd. or a shrubbery border. is a good combination for auratum. Moat of tifc lilies like shade about their roofs.

Lilies which send out roots from their stems above the bulbs should be planted deeply. with at least six inches or soil above the bulb. Never mix fresh manure with the soil for lilies. The soil may be enriched by

adding n pint of balanced plant food to a bushel.

Madonna lilies are an exception to the rule for deep hunting. The? make roots only below the bulb. “all three inches is enough above t e bulb. In addition to the madonnas. lilies which ere subjects for the norm gar-eon include: 1.. Regine.

' white“ with pink maritinilfl. which

blossoms in June: L. Boeciosum. which hu two varieties; mbrum. whiten-inked with race and album. 111 white: L. Henryii, known as the yluow speoiosum; ‘L. Tigrlnum cplendml. the tiger 111v: l... Ten- eoral lily: ‘b. Auraflum. lily 0f 47min‘- L. fi lilids, futon- flow- MI-

. Jllon eluding m; 1nd yeilovn:

mum, fragrant bluff-colon.‘ Add L. Mflitikdi. ’ mwflawith log“? _

$m.w. l

m)

I Dutchman's

W

luulnulml PiiNTiNG

0

Zlbundatiorrplmting is the plant- ing of shrubs, vines. ennuals or par- ennlsls around the bass or wall of a building.

Many people do not seem to realize the value of foundation planting. While plants will not take the place of paint or repairs, never- theless they serve to hide and beautify buildings that would other- wise be drab or ugly. Hundreds of homes, both old and new, through- out town and country, could be im- proved by the careful planting of n few shrubs or vines around them to hide large expanses of wail, soften sharp angles and accentuate deslrnbie features.

Naturnlncss should be the key- note of all plentiful. In most cases, plantings, irregular both in width’ and height, are most pleasing. Do‘ 010% Plant in a solid line as in llfidBes. Group the plants in natural clumps and allow the grass to come up to the foundation in a number of places. Make sure that the taller EYOWIHQ- shrubs will not interfere with windows, hatches. low growing plants, or special architectural feat- ures. However, if a mistake be made, it can be easily be rectified. Plants can be moved at any time in spring or fall, and placed where desired.

Shrubs are the most useful and permanent, and should make up the bulk of the planting material. While too great 5, variety is not desirable, there should be suffic. lent to insure bloom throughout the flowering season. Mixed plant- ings of evergreens and deciduous shrubs are excellent, particularly Where veer-round effect is wanted. The following is n. list of desir- able shrubs that have proven to be hardy at Charlottetown. snunged in order of blooming: Spirea orguta, Japanese barberry, Spirea, Van Houttel, Bush Honeysuckle (Lon. icera tadtarlca, vars. Grandiflora rubra and Morrowi) Lilac, vars. Mad. Lemonine, Congo and Rotho- magnesis, Radical rose, Japanese rose. mock orange (Philadelphus coronal-ins aurea. and Philadelphus Lemoinei Mont Blane), Sorbaria sorbifolia var, Altcheson, Hydra“- gee. orborescens and paniculata, pyramidal cedar, globular cedar, Retlnospera pisifera filifera and Pinus cembra. The last named is very slow growing. Specimens of Plnus cembra planted at the Char- lottetown Experimental Station in 1910 are only 12 or 13 feet in height. In exposed or. shaded positions plant lilacs, honeysuckle, hydrnn. fleas. mock oranges and bnrberry. The most desirable vines aret— pipe, self-fastening Virginia creeper. Juckmans elem- atis and bittersweet.

Perennials, annuals and hulbg are often useful and help brighten up bare and sombre places. These of- ten are to be had in great variety but should be chosen to suit the SDOCific purpose for which they are required.

Grass and Clover Seed Trade

The trade in herbage seed. says the Imperial Economic Committee's report on grassland seeds. is at present mainly B, matter of gem. licfnlle climates. and a wide move- ment in the commodity is, at any rate under present conditions, a necessity for two reasons. In the first place. scarcely any country is yet organized to produce all the seed required in sufficient quanti- ties‘. and in the second place, sen- sonol failures in local seed crops might have very seri' s 00115;“ quences if alternative sources of supply were not available. Never- theless, certain countries have come to predominate (in poms cases almost to the extent of o mouoply) in respect of ‘particular species. Thus Canada produces m:st of the alsike, Northern Ire- land most -of the ,. perennial ryc- cross, Denmark most of tho mee- dmv fcscue, cocksfoot, and rough stalked meadow grass. and the Un- itcd Strttcs most oi’ the timothy to meet. the demand of importing ing countries.

Crops For The Silo

Experimental work on methods of cnsiling various crops for the past ten years by the Division of Field Husbandry, Dominion Experi- mental Farms, shows that almost any of the commonly grown field crops may be satisfactorily ensued, provided proper methods are followed. Moisture content at the time of ensiling is perhaps the most important factor. Too dry material will mould, and if too wet it will rot. The correct moisture content will vary slightly for dif- ferent crops but generally speaking moisture between 06 and 75 per cent is ideal. Moisture may be con- trolled by cutting the crop at the proper stiige of maturity and by wilting and drying in the field until the proper condition for ensuing is reached.

Com is the [dell crop for silage but in sections wherb it will not grow wail many oihlr crepe inly be used. Legumes. pnrticulirly nifdlfl. are improved by midltidhs of enroll

cunts of carbohydnbo meleflfl

ch as crude auger. molasses, timothy. or com. A smell unmmt of second cut slhlfn aided to corn irnprovcl the foedinl vnluo of the mm. Many other interesting and valuable points inve been brought out in the invutilttime curried out by the Division and ell of mun will be presented in I buliltin on silage crop now in thl Nuns of preparation ~ '

U»... . ¢u41~pln -....-......

i

I

' THE CHARLOTTETOWN GUARD

(tout FARMERS, STQCK BREEoERS l AND WAENERS

l-rruur News 01v TOPICS cowzvrcrsb wmr

‘Silver Fox Fanning

Well, the fox fur sales atmosphere) seems brighter since the Canadian National received word that the final sale of last week closed firm. The next sales will be held Decem- ber 8rd and following dates-

The 1995 London Silver Fox sales are as follows : January 7th, March 18th, May 29th and the 19th, 20th and 23rd of September.

The many friends of John B. Roper, Inspector for the Canadian National Silver Fox Breeders’ Assoc- iation, will regret to learn of the death of his mother which occurred on Wednesday.

‘Eric Love who has been for the past flew years Manager of the Mlngsn Fur Far-Ins, owned by the Hudson's Bay Company,‘ at Mingsn Island near Anticosti, has vacated that position and it is understood will take up consignment work for the Hudson's Bay Company.

The Sliver Fox Exhibitors Assoc- iation banquet in connection with the Silver Fox Show November 5th to 9th, will be held on Tuesday evening. November 6th instead of Wednesday evening. November 7th as previously advertised. The change in date is made to enable the Silver Fox exhibitors attending the Show to take‘ in the opening game of the Big Four hockey league which will be played at Charlotte- town between Halifax Wolverines and the Abbies.

Bruce Stewart s. Company are manufacturing two machines for; beating silver Fox pelts. one for the newly formed fur sales company and the other for McLure k Mac; Kinnon Silver Fox Farms. Limited. These consist of leathers fixed to a spindle under which the pelt is passed. The spindle is motor driven and as it revolves the leathers hit the pelt sufficiently hard to knock the dust out of it and loosen up any matted fur.

There is talk of another fur pool being formed in Charlottetown. Quite a number oi’ breeders have been putting their heads together with that object, but whether it will materialize or not we cannot say. It would seem that withithe four flow, -. berating and the numerous oppof unitics for consignment; and sale of pelts that the field is suf- ficiently covered. .

To the uninitiated it looks ns though the pools are making a big profit. but unless there is a tremen- dous quuntity of furs handled the overhead is so great that it does not permit of much surplus. Thcrc is also a great deal or anxiety crm- nectcd with the handling of other Dmlllds goods, particularly on markets such as we have had the past few years where prices and exchange are variable,

Mr. Sven Klintberg has been very successful as a breeder of Silver Ilbxes at Winnipeg. his combnnv being known as the Winnipeg Silver Fox Company. Ltd, ‘They have won four Grand Champion awards at western shows. Mr, Klinlberrzis foxes are all Brown in the open Pens arefrom 8 to i2 feet wide. 24 to 30 feet long and 6 to 7 fcct high, covered bottom. ton and sides with wire-netting. He is u heavy feeder, feeds only once a day-

O

Here is his feed schedule. lifoais 50 oer cent. ceresls 25 to 30 p.11‘ 0611i. wound lrreen bone R to 10 per cent. vegetables ll to 10 per cent, bran. wheat germ. blood milk, eggs make 1m the balance of the percentage. The meets consist of horscmeat, heel, tripe. hearts, liver and oflwi in general, rrthhiis when available.

The cereals vised are rice. vrroimrl whole wheat. ground oats and nom- meal cooked into porridge. Brew‘ is also used. Once or twice n wool-t instead of the above mixture which is ground up. he feeds chunks oi‘ merit or fish, nlso fox biscuit.

The animals are fer‘. dllfllli! the into afternoon or in the evening. Regarding the nunntity, everv fox

Now the curious thing is that although w. KlintberB ll Wm e ‘heavy feeder his foxes do not go of! color and he has the reputation of marketing an excellent average quality pelt with of course some outstanding ones. We think Prob‘ ably his pens are covered with bur- lap or something of that sort to keep the sun off. Of course the)’ do not have the hookworm or lungworm menace in the West. They are therefore at a great ad- vantage. Here we have both these troubles to contend with and it ii practically impossible for 90 per cent of the fox farmers to BT00‘ good fox pups on clay. The porn- sltes would take command. Even in the sheds foxes must be dosed for hookworm. .

1i, won't be long until we see the advertisements wanting Silver Fox Pelts. Last year we believe was the banner year for buyers since the depression. No fewer than thirty- flve visited Charlottetown and Summer-side between the first of November and the last week in December. They left a considerable amount of money behind. We would make a rough guess that it might be close to one-half million dollars. They paid good prices too. We wonder if there will be the same rush this year. We hope so. always a good sign when a. great number of people are interested in a commodity as shown by their willingness to buy.

A fur farmer asked us the ques- tion the other day, what is,meant by sole by private treaty ‘P It simply means that customers go to the fur commission houses between sales mid request to see certain quantities and descriptions of Silver Fox skins which they are interested in. If they are satisfactory and the price is satisfactory the sale is made, It is nothing more than ordinary selling such as conducted in a store. Within the past couple of years sales by private treaty have increased tremendously in Lon- don, probably to the detriment of the auction sales. It must e-rf-einlv mean an awful lot more trouble for the commission houses.

In the October number of the Fur ‘Trade Journal of Canada ap- pears another of those interesting articles by P- J. Williams" of the Canadian National Sliver Fox Breeders‘ Association. Summer-side on “How some good Ones have been Bred." Brookslde Queen 54F is se- lected for the present number. She yrns a world's champion and grand adult champion fox at the Royal Winter Fair. Toronto, in i930. Her sire Brookside 67E was a first ‘prize winner ns a dark medium silver at Toronto in 1929 and at the same show Brookside 52E, dam of the champion, was a participating first prize animal. The sire and dam also won the Canadian Fur Auction Sales trophy at the Royal in I928 as the best matched pair of silvers owned by one breeder.

Another fox which appears In Mr. William's article _ is Morar 47F, grand champion adult fox and sweepstakes fox champion at the western Cunadian fox show held in Saskatoon in 1930. He was the win- ncr of f1v_e trophies and a first price winner in every class in which hc was shown. His Immediate ancestor Callaghan 39D was a first prize fox in the dark silver male pup class at the Royal in 1926. while the dam Morar 15E is n. full sister to 14E and first prize wixxner at the Sas- kntoon Show in 1980.

We hate to mention it but it is well for our fox farmers. fur pools, etc. to be on their guard. Fox and dog distemper is prevalent at the present time in Quebec and On- tario, The last epidemic which oc- iilTEd in this country in 1930-31 obliterated n. largo number of the finest Silver Floxes in captivity. By n. reasonable amount _o_i'__cerc we

(Continued on Page 13) T-ZONTREAL PORT WATER IEVBL LGW MONTREAL. Oct. ill-A particu- larly serious situation would be created this year in the Port of

is given as much as he or she can comfortably clean up before early: morning and the amount varies in' weight from l-i to 2O ounces per animal.

Lawn grasses are so hardy that no damage is done to them by low temperatures alone. But extensive winter damage may result from poor drainage, and from the heav- ing action of alternate freezing and thawinfl- . _ ,

Water expands when frozen and contflctl when it thaws, an is well known to most gardeners. Sinec soil i: usually moist in the winter, exfliifision and" shrinking occur whenever freezing and thawing take place. Freezing lifts the soil. mild thawing 1m it drop. at the umo time mqkirih it soft end wet. The action is most violent near the surface, sinus winter tbewing h rei-

idom deep so that shallow rooted plmts an often halved entirely out of the pound by reputed thaws. ‘

‘li-IC‘ leaving euaesslully. Poorly

nourished lrootl ma m! WM trim ifllufy.

“mm immfnu developed .n. dllp. rturdy root lyltem, wiil-rs- -

will 711W! ‘llisllow *

Montreal by low water levels if a. large volume of grain were offered for export. shipping men stated to- duy. Grain shipments have been lght. however, in a season of the year when they are usually heavy.

Preventing Winter Infury to Lawns

Vi

into condition by proper attention this fall, though it would be much _ better if it were cued for lahrough- are" c614 dflfllig,th3 early put; o: out the season. and fed to produce a heavy growth which will kill out weeds, and resist the heiit of mid-

summer.

producing h sturdy,

supply [fit is m constantly

neweti. An

the rm a: four

10o square fut in the eci-iy

and 500i)!!! up

i111: .

having. no out

..\ ninmb floor" lawn my b0 put

l

tin-lo mum.

- now logger than

I‘ *5 below average m the Maritime

The uiost importmt factor in deep rusted turf, is adequnte plant food. Grass makes heavy demands upon the sou and will quickly exhaust its 12d to feeding pro- gram calla for dui‘ Wlindl 0!! a complete? plant ma at pmmlis for nah half th gummy nix wéph hm.

h action of four m

pounds por-Mllfllllfl feqLin th nlrl! fell ufterilw hiqt n! lmfi bu‘ pared. when w:

lhl nun _‘ chortn- than 11-2 mam oe-in u

'i|.r;n1 wi|li £ ,ll cnu|> |l ,w r,ls 1 ) llFl_l!ll l F l

(CiP. By Guardian’! Special Wire)

MONTREAL, Oct. l8—-'I‘he year's wheel; crop in the airie Provinces was again light, wth yields of other cereals also in low figures, says the final telegraphic crop re- port‘ for ma; or the‘ Bunk of Mon- trea. "

The report quotes the] Dominion Bureau of Statistics‘ estimate of wheat production at 265,000,000 bushels, about the some as last year as against an average of 884,000,000 bushels over the past 10 years.

Coarse grains on ‘the Prairies were a light crop, the report pro- ceeds. with an estimlte of 196.000.- 000 bushels for out: and between 491000.000 and 60.000000 bushm hr barley, slightly‘ better then~~=asst W01‘-

In Quebec the yield of hay was slightly below average with that of cereals and mots good. while the apple crop was far below average.

In Ontario the yield of fall wheat was poor, but that of spring grains was somewhat better than average. Hay was 50 percent clever-age. with fodder corn hnd roots h good crop. but, apples and peaches much below average.

The hay crop was considerably

Provinces and the yield of cereals was restricted by dry weather; The apple crop was light, except for late yields in Nova. Scotiu. which will be better than average, Pots.- WPB W976 fl- llfze crop in. New Brun- swick wlth fair yields in Nova. Sco- tla and Prince Edward Islsnd. _ In British Columbia. crops gen- erally were of good yield d qual- ity and matured several wee earl- ier than usual. _ Details for the Maritime Prov- inces i’ollow:_ _ ‘ In Prince Edward Island a, good crop of hay was harvested: in New Brunswick and Nova Seotia the crop. althouilh of good quality, was considerably below average. 04m- tinued dry weather resulted in grains maturing on short ‘straw the lack of moisture also luiversely g1.- Mllfle the yield. more especially in Nova Sootis; Iiisht gepple ‘props are reported from bothfNew ' swiok and Prince Edward in Nova scotis the yield ‘of ___%ufia _ fruit will be better tlifli; Vexhggbl; larBO proportion belmxifixsifquniilhv: A bummr CIOpRJfvPQtB/ pggjygcn- harvested in .~New-Brunswicli u! ’ fair yields in Nova Scott?‘ Prince Edwanl- gland; priggg gm, however, unsatisfactory... postures show improvement due to recent llwwfls. but have been poor, the greater part of the summer. ,

HOW BEESIWINTER

Bees do not hibernate in the. true sense of the word. when it becomes 001d. they form a compact cluster, and the bees in the heart of the cluster generate heat by muscular activity. This activity. of, course, necessitates the consumption of stores in proportion to the amount of energy expended. The bees on the outside of the cluster "act"!!! insulators to prevent the escape of the heat generated. Dr. Phillips and G. S. Demuth huve shown that when the temperature within the hive hovers between 89 and 57 de- grees Fahrenheit, the bees mmain quiet on the combs: but, as soon as the temperature falls to 57 degrees or lower a-clusier is formed and heat generated. The colder thehive Beta. the greater will be the’ ggnount of heat required to keep, "up the iemveraluwof the hive. Should the cluster be a, small one. there will be fewer bees for heat production and insulation of the cluster. and these few will have to won: lander to Produce the necessary heat. Emcee- sive heat production is apt to gun-t the bees producing brood, which i; usually fatal to a colony during winter when the bees are unable to "Y- The Kfcatcr the number of bees within the colony, the gmaller the amount of work required from (‘sch individual bee. Provided that sLOMs and protection lire equal, 1t is, therefore. imposslbleto get a 001°"? too strong for the winter; the tendency is w err in the op- posite direction. .

As a result of the consumption 0i food. waste matter collects in the intestinearI-leslthy bee; m5. charge this waste mutter ohly dur- lllB‘ flltht. but in many parts of Canada the winter is too cold for ‘bees to fighter four, five or even nix l is long perfod makes it of the greatest importance that the bees be so well protected from the cold that they will not need to consume much food; misc that cm food he perfectly wholesome and an free as possible from ‘ disestible matter. If the cluster is small or the bees hive been exposed to sev-

ccnsumpti n of stores- and a rapid lccumulation of faces which, in Wm- brinn about 1 condition .. W" ll 0180MB r. HIM-shoveli- sel in excessive hunt _. production and great restlessness, ‘many of the effected been leaving the hive es soon u the temperature rises a lit- us. but Ill it is (too low 1o;- o, fevouribic ht lo thavthsy die outside of the lfive in lugs num-

bers. Unruly, when nmeung from.

l

wnfnmpmeudomotdn- alt!" iii 6b! mum w?! L t new. y dill

. tlmligdto bufiild hi! uh! ill-

iof Gull. Wallace Gladstone. anoth-

'. 'No doubt that the high prices of

the winter. there will be g heavy -

‘Horse Memoirs

oi l. mailman

sum: rnmewmusas.

______

m lookln! over 01d 01" i" °“° of our Island newsvfllier! I fit“! more about Barrister‘: bolti-

At the provincial fair in i882 flnd that in the curt classes Bar- risterb foals were placed firel. 88; 0nd third, this record was repel‘ in ma and in the rev-rim! m“ they curried of! all the honors- In 16B! foals first and third in WHI- lmgs: first second and third; and this was repeatod m two rm Oldfi- In 1885 foals, all honors, yeariins colts, all honors; fillies, the some. two year old colts. first. second and third; in two year old fillies, sec- 0nd and third: at that show his colts captured fourteen firsts out o! fifteen and out. of forty-five Pill" this grand 01d horse's colts were placed fourteen firsts, twelve sec- onds and twelve thirds or thirty- eight out of forty-five awards. Again in 1888 at 5t. John. N- 13- Dominion Show, Barrister‘! colts were placed first, second and third. The above gives the farmers of today some idea of how Banister mated ~up wit-h our Island cart mares when at. all these fairs they won premium honors. And I feel safe in saying that the colts from this horse and his many sons do- ing service here brought more money to the farmers of this pro- vince thun those of any others family used on Prince Edward Is- land.

0f course we had some reel horses here before Barristers time as the breeding on the dams side of many cf his sons shows. For in- stance let me give you the breed- ing of the dam of “Barrie" whose first dam was by imported Stock- man, grand dam by Clyde and great grand dam Waxworth.‘ Again Bar- rister Jr.. owned by a Mr. B. Glover, had a Dexter mother from a. Wax- worth dam. therefore one easily sees the reason why this family of horses mode good as the admirable cross of Clydesdale and Shire seem- ed to nick up with our Island mares better than does either of

»

these breeds separately.

From this same filo I find that we had quite a number of sons of Gladstone doing service here. He- sides those mentioned in former memoirs we had. Canadian Glad- stone whose dam. was a daughter

er son of imported Gladstone. had mwallace dam from a more by Sultansnd whose gmnd-dam was sired by a horse mined Statesman whose-sire was Columbus.

dairy products and dairy cattle. hogs. etc, during war times had the effect of fewer of our farmers breeding farm‘ horses and as a result we have not had sufficient lmpoflotions of either Clydesdale or Shire horses and I am sure that the standard of our Island farm horses has suffered, but let me say that a good horse is an asset on

any farm and from observation I feel that we are now realizing that their: is no horse equal the home

product, and we are loorLng for l revival of the good ‘old breedinl days when one would see one o1 more foals on every farm in thl province. I ,

In writing about Columbus thl first Clydesdale or part Ciydesdlll horse to be imported w Canada, I have gleaned the followin! ffvm ll old scrap bpok where n. writer llkl {or the breeding of- this grand old horse. A letter written to l. m- Mccfntosh, states that Columbus got his 01m aclian name from the ship in which he was brought to America, but in Scotland it appears that his nurnl "Jock of member" and his breed- ing was given as follows: His sin! wns n pure bred. Clydesdale and hi! dam was sired by a noted Norfolk trotter end the writer states that he went to sec his dam, the! twenty years old, and he describe: her as a mare of wonderful sub- stance, clean fiat bone welgbinl about twelve hundred pounds.

Another writer in this pipe! states that looking over the result! of all races at "Crookei-‘s Raul course." which was located near the St. Peter's Road adjacent To where the Union Road branches from the St. Peter's road from the year i848 to 1857, he found thnfl many of the winners traced beck to Columbus.

The above only further proves the value of the thoroughbred blood in the breeding of our farm hornet and I am sure thnt with the best procurable mares that our present thoroughbred "St, Sylvester" will raise the standard of our present day farm and general purposc horses.

I have just located a clippinl from the Farmers‘ Advocate of May lass-m which a writer giwl further details about Barrister- This horse was imported here intha yenr 188i and was bred by Edward Pease, Esq, Greencroft, Darling- ton. and was fooled on March 20th, i878. His sire was the then ro-

formerly of Lot 8(_

nowned Clydesdale horse "Empen- ~

or" (277) and his dam the shitl mare Bounce by “Honest Tom” (i105) that great shire ores which won so many first prize during bid life time. and who at the age ol fourteen years sold for 600 guinefl ($2.625). Barrister was shown fou! times in his two year old form ll the old land and was awarded foul prizes and besides carrying o! many honors at our provinoil shows he was awarded first fl Ilelifax in i881 and first at, John in 1883. From mfolmati from the best, authority avail itissafetosaytlmthclcftn

fifty sons considefed good u:

to be retained as stallions.

And now looking back. that histgrest worth to our province can say. u is often said of grafl men: "Those who build their umcnts are those of a later ntion."

At some futum date the plans on giving u writeup on principal cludesdalc families giyeir influence on the horse

Hymcinths are the nwst neglected bulb in the garden of all the wealth of spring bloomingbulbs and one of the showiest and most satis- fwtm-y. They are perfectly hardy and long lived in the open ground, but because of their common use as house-or greenhouse plants. n wide- pread belief that they are no) hardy prevailslrhey are peafle-ztly hardy and mow us easily as tulips air-daffodils outdoors. By their stiff and formal heavy spikes of bloom, they are ideally fitted for formal beds, as they grow remarkably even in stature and size from newly planted bulbs. After their first year of bloom they take on a. different character outdoors and produce smaller and more numerous spikes of much more grace and fewer flowers to a spike. The reason for this is that they are assuming their natural habit. They do not make such huge blooms after the first yesr , but are big enough to satisfy .gr|,ybgdy_ The Holland bulb growers. raise their bulbs for sale and to develop tho largest possible flower pro- duction. Buds of tulips and hya- Cinthl nrcnpimhed Oil a; order to raise a largo quantity of brood. then it u important that the b"! B01118 into winter quarters ‘mum be YDWIE- ‘These incts explain why successful wlnterim depends yfllwlvally upon the three condi- "703 lmtviously mentioned 1nd "him l" "WY repeat: Populous

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llli§ Elfiiilokcyellent results where ever used - won. f»: iiricoi" dbliverei

Plant 'a Bed of Hyacinths This Fall’

they appear. so that ills whnfl strength of the plant may b! thrown into the bulb. In this men- ner the bulb Mien imported pron dances its maximum bloom. Th! hyacinth in its looser spikes i! much more graceful than in heavy spiked form, but is not no formal. The smaller spikes of o planted bulbs are beau material for cutting, for which pur- pose the heavy formal spikes III not at all ad led.