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THE GUARDIAN

"Coven Prince Edward llllnd Like the Dew‘ Published every week-day morning I: 136 Prince Street. Charlottetown. P. E. l., by The Thomson

Company Limited. Editor and Manager. Ian A. Burnett. Associate Editor. Frank Walker.

Branch offices at Summcrllde. Montague Alberton. Authorized as Second Class Mail the Post Office Department. Ottawa.

By Carrier: Charlottetown. Summerside 815.00 per nnnum. Elsewhere in P. E. I. 39.00. Other Prov- inces and U. S. A. $12.00 per annum.

and by

“The strongest memory l:_weaker than the weakest ink.”

insanity As A Defence

Today the Royal Commission on the judicial defence of insanity will hold a pub- lic hearing in Charlottetown. Headed by Chief Justice J. C. McRuer of the Ontario High Court of Justice, it is charged with the task of considering the suitability of the law as it stands at present and of making recommendations for its improvement.

At present, to sustain the defence of in- sanity it must be proved on behalf of the accused that at the time of the offence natural imbecility or disease of the mind rendered him incapable of appreciating the nature and quality of the act or of know- ing that it was wrong. A specific delusion which caused him to believe in the exist- ence of a state of things which, if it ex- isted. would justify the act or omission is

‘ sufficient to make the defence effective.

Today the very term "insanity" is fast losing ground in medical circles. Many specific mental diseases and aberrations are studied and treated but they are no more lumped together than broken arms and heart disease. Psychologists are increas- ingly aware of conditions under which an individual feels an irresistible compulsion to do things‘ which he knows to be wrong. They are learning much about the sub- tleties of the human mind and are more inclined to treat any unsocial conduct as a proper subject for treatment rather than punishment.

Society. however, st:ill.believes in punish- ing the intentional wrongdoer and while it does so we are faced with the problem of deciding whether particular individuals are to be held accountable.

Bankers In overalls

Those who think in terms of sharp division between capital and labor may be surprised to learn that United Mine Work- ers president John L. Lewis now qualifies for the pinstripe: and morning frock of the Wall Street bankers’ garb. Mr. Lewis. strange as it may seem, has b_v virtue of recent events in Washington, become the second most important banker in the United States capital.

Organized labor's dominance of the banking field, so far as the UMW is con- cerned, is largely the result of the skillful handling of union funds by Mr. Lewis him- self. The National Bank of Washington. dominated by the UMW since 1949, will shortly be merged with the Hamilton Na- tional Bank. Reports from the United States capital suggest that bush,V-bI‘0W*‘d banker Lewis already aspires to still high- er pinnacles in the world of finance. Con- trol of the American Security and Trust Company, which he is said to covet, would make him the leading and most powerful banker in Washington.

UMW boss .lohn L. Lewis in the role of banker may strike some folk as a bit in- congruous, Yet such is the wealth of some of the larger unions in the United States that such happenings may before long be‘ come a commonplace.

Erosion Ami Niagara

It is the old. problem of erosion-so familiar to agriculturists the world over-- which is responsible for the huge face-lift- lng job now being planned at Niagara Falls. The shelf which forms the cataract.‘s HP is broken and jagged, so that the flow of the river is constantly tearing uncvenl)’ 6‘ it. If time had its way, the American Fails might dry up completely and the 2.- 600-foot wide Horseshoe Falls on the Cana- dian side could degenerate into a series of rapids. . It'is proposed to erect cotter dams before excavating, filling and reinforcing- so that the shelf can be smoothed out to allow a more even flow. The job will con- stitute one of the most ambitious engineer-

of the century. Ing":"lqm’:f't" comments the Spectator, "has .‘In fact taken its toll of the Falls. Inch by

"inch the rushing river has chewed at the

.sW gbout five feet a year while the A'n.flfln.p'g||s. with their harder lime-

rock. and by the closest measuring ‘hey estimate the Horseshoe Falls move. up-

—a‘g ma lighter water flow, resist “ When geologists look

. (CHIC 6!! stone they figure ‘ '3 til great precipice ‘fbvlnetream from its 1 when Father Hen- II shouting surge. of IF: and tfidd to

:-

-Lo,

put his impressions coherently into a sketch, the Falls were several hundred feet farther downstream toward Lake Ontario than they are now.

“We might think of it in terms of ‘Cheops. the Egyptian Pharaoh, whose dark boat for a voyage through eternity has just been found under the sands of a hot and empty desert. When we read about the way they carried over 2,300,000 stones each averaging two-and-a-half tons each. to build the “heaven-storming monument” that was his personal pyramid. it gives a curious t\vist to the void we call time. It was only 5,000 years ago that these legions of slaves brought the rocks along ramps and raised them with wedges, and the Falls. which were young then by a geologist's yardstick, were slowly biting away the crestline to- wards the place where we look on them today."

A Sensational Event

They say that when a man bites a dog it's news: according to that, when a man bites a crocodile it J'ill.lSt be a sensational event of the first order. It happened re- cently in Lake Ndola in Northern Rho- desia. The man, thinking he was being chased by the police, dived into the lake. The crocodile, not wanting any fugitives from justice in his domain, seized the in- truder but released him after a short tus- sle in which the reptile's nose was bitten by his intended victim. Instead of weeping tears, as crocodiles are supposed to do while considering the disposal of their prey, this particular one ran from the scene of bat- tle, screaming with pain and vexation. Be- fore the angry and astonished creature had recovered sufficiently for another attack. the man managed to reach the shallows and was dragged ashore, exhausted, but able to talk to the policemen who had witnessed the fracas with such an u'nusual ending.

Much to the man's relief, it turned out that he was not wanted by the police, after all: they were searching for some one else who was suspected of having taken part in a robbery. From now on, after having had such a terrible experience, our African hero will think twice before jumping into Lake Ndola, police or no police. However, it was not altogether a _useless experience; from one end of Northern Rhodesia to the other, and in many other places where heroism is honoured, he will be talked about and praised as the man who matched wits and exchanged blows with the most savage of all amphibious creatures, and lived to tell about it. Men have received medals for less spectacular feats.

EDITORIAL NOTES Waterloo, 18l8.———

The iron is hot, so far as Charlotte- town's chances are concerned of getting the long asked for airport runway ex- tension.

0 O O

The dragger Sea Hawk. out of New Bedford, Mass., is going in for something new in lobster fishing. The vessel makes five-day trips and trawls for lobsters in deep water. An average weekly catch of 3,500 pounds is reported.

It has been de.cidc’d to apply Inspection to all potatoes grown in this Province. The possible annoyance to the rare individual who grows for local consumption only is more than balanced by the importance of maintaining the industry's reputation for quality.

The aluminum industry and housewives who like using its products will be grateful to the Canadian Medical Association which has adopted a report giving a clean bill of health to aluminum cooking utensils. The CMA has given the lie to propaganda put out by certain salesmen for rival products.

I I I

Contrary to what. many people think, children seem to prefer truth to fiction. At least a French Children Van has had that experience. The children were left free to choose what books they liked, with no at- tempt to influence or restrict them. The elder children. at least, were found to pre- fer travel books and biographies to novels. A frequent comment was, "I like it because

it's true." 0 I 0

William Cobbett, English, Canadian and American author, pamphleteer and politic- ian, dicd this date 1835. Farm labourer, solicitor's clerk and soldier. he went with the 54th Regiment to New Brunswick. He secured his discharge as sergeant-major and accused in number of officers of dis- honesty. Bcfore the court martial, how- ever. he fled to France and then to the U. S. A. His hatred of shame and dis- honesty resulted In a libel action which ruined him and he returned to England. He originated and edited "State Trials" and “Parliamentary Debates" which Later he- came knowh as "I-Iuuard.”

wA?réa seems

Handicapping Himself

PUBLIC FORUM

this eolunurta open to the discussion by 1-U|'I'BIp0ndIIt1 of questions of lnterelk The Guardian does not necessar- ily endorse the opinion of correspondents.

MR. DAR.B\”S APPEAL

Sir.--The writer has noticed, with interest, the remarks of Hon. W. E. Darby, Atto ey General, in his lament relst ve to the adopting of Daylight Time by some of our com- munitles.

In considering Mr De.rb}"A lust appeal for observance of law. may I say, Mr. Darby should have long been aware of the desire of these communities to enjoy Daylight Sav- ing Time during the summer. Why did he not introduce legislation Al‘ the Provincial House. advocating Daylight saving Time’!

secondly. an underlying cause which might have deterred the At- torney General. is the antiquated allocation of the provincial rldlngs. This causes undue emphasis being voiced by some districts with small population, while urban districts age numerically weekly represent- E A .

It would appear that the Pro- vincial Government should have given more thought to the problem of Daylight Time. before passing the present Uniform Time Act.

I am. sir, etc.

- ARTHUR L. VVRIGHT Charlottetown.

France's Contribu lion

(Montreal Gazette)

Before anyone is critical of French policy In Indo-China or in Europe. it would be well to take an inventory of what France has contributed towards the fight against Communism. It may well be greater than that of any other nation. And it is not only a con- tribution of arms: It is the con- tribution in terms of dead and wounded, and of those who have faced the risks of the battlefield.

This fact has‘been impressively presented by the French Minister of Defence, Rene Pleven. France In lndo-China has been engaged in one of the ion est wars in A hundred years. This war has gone "it for more than seven years. During this time France has rais- ed its expcdotionary force in Indo- China from 52.000 men in 1945 to ?ll.000 in 1950. This force new numbers from 206,000 to 216,000 men.

The money expended by France has exceeded the total of Mar- shall Ald. The French Army has barely maintained its officers. as the classes graduating from her military academics have been km. ed I-ff in the lndo-China fighting.

All Frnncr's physically fit non- commissioned officers have served in lndo-China and many are he- lng sent back after a rest. Ninety- five per cent of the officers in the French Colonial Infantry have served in Indo-China and 30 per cent have served for two periods. The casualties France has suffer- ed in this unending conflict are greater than those suffered bv the llnitcd States in all the fight- ing in Korea.

It is a fearful burden for France to carry alone. And it is not hard to understand how France wonders what effective contribution she can make to a European Defence Community. when she already has’ so costly a war on her hands.

Before there is criticism of the role of France in the world‘: struggle against Communism, it would be well to consider who would be ready to exchange their part. of that war or hers.

Old Clil rlottetown

and 1.3.1.

' FOR NEW ZIALAND

"there was launched on Sat- many. the not uIt.. .0 clipper Brig called the ‘Fauna’ from the

OTTAWA REPORT

National We

31 Patrick

Our Health Department’: survey of our average height and weight confirmed the disturbing reports that we overeat.

When we talk of malnutrition. we normally think of the victims of the recurring fammes in Asia. or perhaps we think of the un- dernourished prairie families dur- ing the .depth of the depression which the Macxenzie King govern- ment. of 1926-1930 headed us into.

But. the unhappy fact. revealed by the Canadian Dietetic Associa- tion, is that this rich and pros- perous country today suffers from malnutrit1on——the malnutrition of over-eating.

Nearly one Canadian in every four is today an average of 16 pounds heavier than he, and u- peclally she, should be under ideal health conditions.

The height-weight survey show- ed that the average Canadian man is 5 feet. 7 inches tall and weighs 161% pounds. The average woman is a tiny 5 feet 1% inch and mea- sures a plump 135 pounds. Thus are averages. not ideals. The aver- aze is brought us: by the sudden in- crease in weight. which most men tolerate at around :5 years of age, and women five years older.

A survey by the United Nations shows that we eat an average of 3.240 calories per day. a figure un- comfortably higher than the aver- age U.S. diet. It is attributed large. ly to our very high intake of star- clies.

' e e e

The but way to keep down our extra weight is by careful choice of our diet. It. is easier to reduce by eating less than by exercising more. It would take a 36 mile walk to lose one pound in weight, and the two day rest to relax our strained muscles after that. walk would probably put that lost weight right. back on again.

Our Minister of National Health the Hon. Paul Martin, recently gave Ottawa a fine personal ex- ample. apprbpriate to the man holding has important job. He diet- ed carefully for two years, and re- duced his ivelght by 40 pounds, To. day he is almost the exact aver- age Canadian. in height. and weight. But. he is the first to admit that even his reduction to the na- tional average weight is not yet ideally fatlese.

Mr. Martin's department has re- cently staged an exhibition here, including among many other in- terestlng demonstrations a model showing just how fast. we use up the calories which we absorb at the table.

Even while we sleep, we burn so calories an hour; and the baby- sitter who sits reatfully knitting through the evening uses 90 cal- ories. Mother expenda 180 calories an hour sweeping the house with her electric vacuum cleaner. and zoo calories in an hour at the laun- dry tube. '

But if she then refreshes her- self with a glass of milk. she takes 230 calories right in again.

Lloyd's inspection by uurlea Bell. Esq., of this city, for Hr. Thom- as Willirnas. of Auckland. New Zealand, and is pronounced by the Commissioners to be one of the best vessels In eve respect ever cohstructed on I Island. Her accommodations for passen- gers are complete. being dry. roomy and comfortable. so great care has been given to this per- tlcular. Quite a number of per- sons have already engaged their puss e in her to Auckland. She will eave Clurlmtetown. about the middle of November." -——'l'he Vindicator, Nov. 4, I008. In its l in of December II fol- lowing, some paper reported: "The brig 1 else. Capt. Camp- bell. from‘ port for cw Zoe- land. nailed on Saturday last. Inc had on board ohm three doeen an d. Dir. loll.

shipyard of Robert Orr. 1131.. New "' , the ya of hundreds of friends of those a-

bout to take passage In this ves- sel to New Zealend. She is oop-

snd measures 212 tons old. or 178 new nuenu-oxrunt. ' vessel was built under

bottomcmintto

Dill-

met-ehentsslles-.o£tIus , oes outs: in as the Capedsaood Hopeinhsr.sodnurv9Iesnsu:_-n- thiseltyegelnnutsusu mennehuon boerdan ee-

ight Survey.

Nlohohon

Lumberjacks are traditionally our greatest eaters. At their job. pro- bably the most energetic occupa- tion in Canada, they spend 500 cal- ories an hour. so to them a dish of one peck chop 1330 calories) with trimmings of potatoes (210 calories) and beans (152 calories) is no more than is needed. But when the city dweller cats that meal, it takes him five hours to work it off is he is a house-painter, and seven if he works in an office. At week-ends we all hav! a good opportunity to reduce our weight. Walking uses 195 calories an hour, bicycling uses 240.-‘and swimming is tops at 490 calories an hour. And in the winter. it we want indoor

an hour akatmg or 270 dancing. But a quicker method of slim-

io refrain from that helping of

calories).

The Age Old Story

And God said unto Jacob. Arise, go up to Beth-el, and dwell there: and make there an altar unto God, that appeared unto thee when thou fleddeet. from the face of Esau thy brother. Then Jacob said unto his household, and to all flint were with him, Put away the strange gods that are among nu.

'<

’ ‘ Either

,the invigorating breakers of

exercise. we burn up 305 calories

ming than any of these is just

ice cream (320 calories) or to re- fuse another. glass of scotch (300

The Guardian

Friday, June 13. 19254

NOTES BY

1! children learn from their eld- crs. then someone made a bad

job of us elders. -- Moose Jaw Times-Herald. ~. . Ooonuonlphlri at the sorlpps

Instltution of La Jolla, Cnl., are considering evidence that sug- gests that the sealmay weigh about 20 trillion tons less in spring than in autumn. —- Hamil- ton Spectator.

Vandnllsm in Springfield, Man. has led to I suggestion that watchdogs be employed to guard schools ‘latter classes. Can they guarantee dogs bright enough to distinguish between Johnny com- ing back 1 r the books he forgot and a van nl bent on destruc- tion? — Ottawa Journal.

There is nothing annoys a trig; Scotsman more than the incorrect pronunciation of the term Scots- man. In Canada and the United States a person who hails from the land of the heather and the kilt is called a “Scotshman." that or he is called “Scotch." which is equally wrong. Now let It be understood here. once and for all, the word “ScotcB" is never applied to any- thing else but whisky, or that wiry, little animal called the "Scotch terrier." —- Owen Sound Sun-Times.

Milk dealers and manufactur- ers of beer and soft drinks charge for bottles and get them back to use over again. There must be millions of glass jars of jams sold, but the producers do not ask for their return when empty. The cash value of these Sara must be enormous, and It is I source of wonder why no allowance is made for them. What becomes of them all? Surely they could be

returned. sterilized and used over agnln. It seems a tremendous waste of money — and glass. —

St. Thomas Times-Joumsl. ,

If you {lull tint I plunge into the Bay of Funday doesn't seem to freeze you as much u it did 10 years ago don't be too quick to ascribe this to the theory that you have become hnrdier and more cold-resistant. The simple fact is that if the water appears slightly warmer, it likely is. At- lantic fishermen don't have to

THE wAv‘|

lip a tentative toe into the wars.- to suspect that the water texilpem lure has been inchin upward They have heard open, oi strange southern fish occasion- ally hauled up in nets a. long with the routine haddock halibut, cod and mackersl—sucf, fish as tropical rays, for instance Fishermen take this to mean that the ocean climate is changu-l;_ 0, at least that more warm cur- rents’ have been veering up 1., gm, direction 1ntely.——From the Salm John Telegraph-Journal.