Bot “mr viced by carriers. 4.9 a year off ‘Island, U.K. and USA ever Te per single copy. —

Member Audit Bureau of Circulation

_ PAGE 4 MONDAY, NOV. 23, 1959.

Voices In The Wilderness

- $tudents of journalism are cai- ‘tioned not to write long, involved ' sentences; nobody will read them. “Perhaps for this reason the follow- - ing statement by George F. Ken- _ nan, former U.S. diplomat and scho}- ar now teaching at Princeton’s In- stitute for advanced study of inter- national problems has received less attention than it merits. He spoke in’ __ Washington’ recently and was critical of American foreign-policy, partica- larly as it-goncerns Soviet ~Russia. He aimed his heaviest blast, ho@ever, - not at the government but at the mood and spirit of the American ‘people themselves. ;

“If you. ask me, as a historian,”

_he said, “whether a country in the state this country is in today; with

ss

al purpose, with the overwhelming

accent of life on personal comfort

and amusement, with a dearth of

public services and surfeit of private- -ly sold gadgetry, with a chaotie transportation system, with its greaf

urban areas being gradually disinte-

grated by the switch to motor trans-

portation, with an education system

' where quality has been extensively ' sacrificed to quantity, and with in- sufficient social discipline even to

_. keep its major industries function- _ ing without grievous interruptions— if you ask me whether such a country

_— has, over-the long run, good chances ___ of competing with a purposeful, ser-

no highly developed sense of nation--

switch to the Swiss source for loans. But whatever brought about the change, the able of the Province are surely entitled to the reason for

garded as an astute and business- like administration, and no doubt it had its reasons for the course it has taken in this instance. However, our Island Government appears to have succeeded where it failed—namely, in borrowing siccessfully in both the JU.S. and Canadian markets, and also in giving a commendably compre- hensive statement about the trans- actions. te

This hasn’t absolved it from pol- itical criticism, and perhaps there is no reason Why it should) It is the business of the Opposition/to criticise, and it is in the public ifterest that every government poli¢y, and par- ticularly every financial policy, should. be subjected to the severest scrutiny. This being granted, we have only to note that im contrast to the New Brunswick floatations, Provincial Treasurer MeQuaid seems to have done very well.

New Polio Vaccine

Reference appeared recently in these columns to a new polio vaccine, “now being. produced at the Univer- sity of Toronto laboratories, which will be reddy next spring to be test- ed on human beings in Canada-

The new vaccine has-already been used. with excellent ‘results in the United States. If it measures up to © expectations, poli, like many other diseases that have succumbed to science, may soon lose entirely its dread, eminence as a crippler and killer. oe

Th several ad-

4

| fore a full scale press conference

OTTAWA REPORT

Liberal Leader Lester B. Pear- son is finding out that the role of a military armchair critic can become a hot seat. .

The Opposition Leader, rightly acknowledged as an authority on defence, has just gone through two of the most uncomfortable press conferences of his career. First, on the TV program ‘Press Conference” and then Monday be-

in the Parliament Buildings. Mr. Pearson mopped his brow and hedged his answers as he tried to

|- make his criticisms of Canada’s | defence policies stand up.

]

What the esteemed Nobel Peace o Ving to say,

' that of the Soviet Union, I must say - that the answer is ‘no’.”

Walter Lippmann has said mutch the same. So -has Adlai Stevenson. Only a few days ago Senator Ken- nedy of Massachusetts warned that “the slow corrosion of luxury, the slow erosion of our courage are al- ready. beginning to show.” And Gov. Rockefeller of New York said that the nation must “distrust content- ment and shun complacency.” But hardly anybody seems to be listen- ing. 5

Dr. Arnold Toynbee, in his “Study of History,” has reviewed the fate of past civilizations which relegated _. ~—te the wilderness the voices of their

warning prophets, and went blindly

on their way, glorying in. wealth, power and technical achievements and leaving: only such epitaphs as the poet Shelly wrote for Ozyman-

dias. This is the real danger de- -’ mocracy must be on its guard against, not only in the United

States but in the free world general- ‘ly:

] If we fail in meeting on a higher

_ than materia!l~ plane the challenge which our Western civilization is facing, neither atomic weapons for defense nor summit conferences for “co-existence” will save us from dis- aster. Perhaps that is what Khrush- chev meant when he said the. Com-

vantages over Dr. Salk’s discovery. . It can be taken by mouth, as simply _ aS an aspirin. And, more important, it takes effect within two weeks— unlike Salk vaccine which requires “three injections to give peak protect- ion. Had atvaccine so efficient been availab'e, the recent polio epidemic in Quebec could likely have been prevented.~

But one faculty of the new vac- cine is truly amazing. It uses to defeat polio the same laws of nature that are used by the disease itself to spread, Because it is.a “live” rather than a “killed” vaccifie, like Salk, it can transmit its life-saving proper- ties from person to person. Just as “Typhoid Mary” infected with ty- phoid the people she met, so a per- son treated with the new vaccine will spread protection against polio wherever he goes

EDITORAL NOTES

Millions of dotiars in counterfeit United States greenbacks are report-_ ed to be in circulation behind the Iron Curtain. The situation is so bad in Poland, one of the main sources for American dollars, that a Polish newspaper recently published detail- ed descriptions of dollar bills to pre- vent the spread of counterfeiting in

that country.

= = *

Since the Colombo Plan was in-

munists would live to “bury” us. We “e itiated in 1950, Canada has provided

do not believe that; but we do think that only a Widespread spiritual re- nascence, of which there are disturb- ingly few signs today, will bring us safely through. ‘

N.B. Loan Floatations

"Under the above heading the Moncton Transcript comments, some- what critically, on Premier Flem-

_ming’s announcement that.a short- terni “logn transaction involving $4,- 350,000 had been corapleted by. the Province of New Brunswick in the Swiss money market, also that pre- limimary arrangements toward a loan of approximately $8,700,000 had re- cently been made in the same market

“Even more surprising,” says. our Moncton contemporary, “is’ the gen- eralized terms used in giving the public knowledge, as has been usual

_+in loan floatations by successive gov-

ernments up to now, of the costs of

_ such borrowings to the Province and

the interest rate payable. The Pre- mier informed the people on theseim- portant points thusly: ‘the rate of in- terest and general terms are most _ satisfactory.’ Nor was the Provincial

Pee

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more than $351 millions: in’ capital aid and technical assistance to under- developed countries. Most of the Can- adian aid has been concentrated in Ceylon, India and Pakistan on such * projects as roads, railways, hydro- electric dams, aeriai surveys, a nu- clear reactor, irrigation projects. But books, workshop and laboratory equipment have also been made avail- | able for Burma, Indonesia, Malaya, North Borneo and Vietnam. © * = A three-member committee of in- auiry has been appointed by the Royal Architectural Institute of .Can- ada, with funds supplied under the National Housing Act, to look into the problems of “housing environ- ment.” The committee, so far, has . held public. hearings, in six Canadian cities;’and seven other large centres are on its itinerary. It would, per- haps, be foolish to expect too much from such an investigation; but the inquiry, nonethéless, has aroused considerable optimism for widepread improvements. in housing. It is high. time that more, concern over this problem was shown in Charlottetown..,

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-

that Canada should Virtually dis- arm.

This is pure opinion as nothing Mr. Pearson said directly sup- ported such a conjecture.

But it seemed that with this in the back of his mind he allowed himself to be drawn into several statements permissive of damag- ing criticism.

DEFENSE CRITICISM

Defence has long been a big | stick with the Liberals and they would likely have waved it long- er and harder had not Defence Minister Pearkes himself been such an amiable and popular par- liamentarian. Also holding them | back is the fact that virtually all our defence policies today are ex- tensions of those conceived by the Liberals.

(The Avro Arrow program for instance was started by the Lib-

Mr. Pearson's Criticism

By Richard Gwyn

or seemed to want to say. wast

erals and cancelled by the Con-

CARTOONS OF THE FUTURE

.OF-100 squadrons for home de-

S .

servatives by former Trade Min- ister Howe who started it had garnered the -gravest doubts long before the end and would al- most certainly have stopped it himself.)

Starting point for Mr. Pearson's latest round of criticismss is that our defence policies are about

fence are obselete and our infan- try brigades are bereft of air transport.

In effect Mr. Pearson was at- tempting to inject some _ high- level thinking into Canada’s de- fence realms where many would argue there has been a lack of original thought for some time. He was playing the role of a Canadian George Kennon or Kis- singer trying to fit our ‘limited military capabilities into the new scheme of things.

OPEN TO CRITICISM

three years behind the times. Mil- itary strategy, he sajd, chang ed overnight, with the first Sput- nick and proof that nuclear-arm- ed missiles were becoming stan- dard military hardware. ‘This conveniiently occurred just after the Liberals left office in _1957.)

gued that World War Two tactics and strategy died with Hiroshima and the first atomic bomb and then essentialy migsiles are ex- tension of supersconic bombers.

At any rate from this premise of a new age Mr. Pearson went on to make several far-reaching suggestions and criticisms.

First: Defence should be con- sidered as a whole, not three units of the Army. Navy and Air Force. He proposed intergration at of senior officers at the pol- icy - making level.

Second: Canada is increasingly in danger of loasing its sover- eignty as Americans retain con- trol of nuclear weapons to be used by Canadian armed forces. An example would be the Bomare bases at North Bay, Ont., and Mont Laurier. Que.

Third: Canada is making an “inefficient’’ ~contr%ution* to western defence. Specifically our

_ But in so doing he left himself open to many criticisms. The first, and purely political

|; one, would \be “why didn’t you

do this when you were in pow- er?”

Mr. Pearson would answer that conditions with the advent of missiles have changed complete- Vy since ere

In more detail the plan for NORAD, under which Canada su- bordinates its air defence units to’ U.S. command, was drawn up by the Liberals though put into effect .by the Conservatives.

Mr. Pearson attacked the pro- gram whereby the U.S. pays two- thirds of the Bomarc bases in Canada, saying this was Lend- Lease, but he was reminded by newsmen the financial arrange- ments are no different than those used by the Liberals to build the DEW Line. .

Intergration is subject in it-

self but currently the policy de- cisions for our deféyce forces are made by the Joint Chiefs of Staff; a body which inc};/@es the heads

of the three services, the defence minister, assOciate defence min- ister, deputy ae/ence minister and undérsecretary of state for External Affairs, a fairly repre sentative body of men.

New Chapter For Kenya

_ By Don Taylor United Kingdom Information Ser¥

T will never forget arriving in Nairobi in 19692. The Mau “Mau terror had struck and Kenya was a land of fear and suspicion. No- body guessed then how many liv- es were to be lost, how much wealth expended, before the Gov- ernment of Kenya were to come within reach of their first task- restoration of law and order.

Now seven long years after, they are launched into an even more vital task—the building of a true nation and a multi-racial nation at that. Let no easy op-

timism blind us to the fact that | ‘a great deal of the racial mis- |

trust, of outright hostility, still remains. But on the other hand let it be recognised that three major events have occurred in the last few months which\ to advocates df ial. parinership:

Most recent of these was the announcement only this week that the seven - year - long state of emergency will end early next year and that an “act of grace” will free many of the remaining Mau Mau adherents and offer a chance of rehabilitation to others. This follows a recent pro- posal to give Africans the oppor- tunity of farming in the “‘White Highlands.’”

In short, a bold beginning has been made in tackling the two major sources of Africa griev- _ance. And the third important event? That was the formation of Mr. Michael Blundell's new multi-racial party and later the rival_Kenya National Party which together,command the support of the majority of the European, Asian and African members of the local Parliament.

SPECIAL POWERS

It is important to realise that the decision to end the emergency does not mean that Kenya is out of the wood, What it does mean is that both the British and Kenya Governments believe that Ken- ya's security and_ stability ought if possible to be main- tained by an ordinary system of law instead of “‘the sledge ham- mer of emergency powers.”

That will necesssitate the Kenya Government passing a Bill to arm itself with certain special

ae ac-

jd | appliéable to other\ dependent ter-

.tion to turn together to the. con-

‘ing, by December

powers - which i would not be

ice

right to in the ordinary laws - to preserve national security, Only as a last resort will emergency powers again be used. —

- Clearly this is another classic instance of the empirical ap proach of -Britain.to colonial af- fairs. The British Parliamentary feelmnz has for some time past been uneasy about the applica- tion of emergency powers in tim- es of crisis. The new Secretary of State, Mr. Iain Macleod. cry- stallised those feelings in a re_ cent debate in the House of Com: mons. He recognised that some “second line of defence" short of full emergency powers was needed. In a_ gratifying short space of time the problem is be- ing tackled. It does not follow that what has been~ judged suit- able Kenya will, be generally

ritories, but without doubt it will provide a useful guide. © r

ENCOURAGEMENT KEY WORD

I think Mr. Macleod very apt-) ly summed up the situation when he stressed to the House of Com mons this week that the aim of the new measures‘‘is to bring to a close the unhappy chapter of the past seven years and to encourage the whole Kenya na-

structive tasks of the fut- ure.’ That in short is the key

word - encouragement.

The people of Kenya are not to be pushed or induced by large promises. Instead a way is made open for them - a way which only they can take when they have proved capable of it.

This approach can be seen in the proposals for amnesty. By the end of the year nearly 3,0000 people will have been released from prison restriction or deten- tion. Only just over\a thousand others will remain in detention or under restriction. Terrorists y large can take advantage of the “‘act of grace’’ by surrender- hi, though they would be liable for detention and rehabilitation: It is up to the ad- herents of Mau Mau themselves to take the road which will lead them back into the community.

The decision that Governor Sir Patrick Renison will maintain

ings and over registration of political associations reveals the same desire to open new paths whilst at the same time main taining the control which might if it had existed in 1952 have pre vented the holocaust -of Mau Mau. A sad chapter is indeed be- ing closed.

On January 18 in London, the conference on constitutional de- velopment opens. Let us hope that the new spirit of racial amity will there be demonstrated. I think that the people of Kenya- black, white and brown - have before them the opportunity of giving a lead to all Africa in rac- ial co-operatign. It would not ;be

-+| and develop into a danger for

Why won't everyone Maybe most of them will, vaccines now under study are

standardized vaccine.

“Three types of live virus vac- cines already have been given field trials’ in different parts of the world.

NEAR-PERFECT RECORD. One of them has been given to more than 6,000,000 persons .with’ an almost perfect safety record. So why hasn't it been licensed here? : Ste Well, we know it is safe to those to whom it has been given, but the—virus it contains can spread. And there are some who fear that, as the virus spreads, it may become stronger

persons coming into contact with the vaccinated individual.

SOLUTION NEAR

Such problems, I'm sure, will be solved in the near future. | One big advantage of live virus polio vaccine is that it can be given orally, that is, by mouth,”.and-a single dose prob- Lably—will _be—enough_to_provide _

long-lasting immunity in many of the cases.

“QUESTION AND ANSWER -

Mrs. M. C.: Can dried blood be taken from the veins so that good blood. can flow through them again?

Answer: Occasionally a clot can be successfully removed from a w#ein and the circula- tion restored.

However, the decision should be made by your physician.

Wo a | Vt Crna

INTERLUDE More than the bare bough rifted And a dead rose torn On the wind; more than a drift- ed é Huddle of leaves, and the worn Summer path that lonely leads Nowhere now in rustling rain: More than the hawthorn’s paint- | ed: beads

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The demagogy of Fidel Castro,

ed, by now has alienated even most of those who have persist- ed with good will for his regime. The recent speeches and deeds .of Dr. Castro — who has been an intelligent man have been born either out of violent desper- ation, out of the fear of a man feeling opposition for the first time, or they have the symptoms of a tyrant who has a pathologi- cal need for adulation. —Ottawa

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be rugged. They suggest, fect, that people should smart as eaterpillars in prepar- ing for it—and they cite the um usually heavy coats being worn by their fuzzy friends as proof that the winter will not be easy

Journal

on men or larvae.—Washington Star

Jet-Powered Diving Saucer

~

Captain Jacques-Yves. Cous- teau, coinventor of the Aqua- Lung, has successfully tested off Puerto Rico a new vehicle that

sea explorers.

The vehicle is the jet-powered Diving Saucer, a man-made sea monster.that looks like a huge mechanical -turtle with two gap- ing eyes. Captain Cousteau, who

Society-Calypso exneditions since 1952, inspired its design to meet | the need for a highly maneuver- | able device to use below 150 feet | —the maximum practical depth |

of divers equipped with Aqua- |

Lungs.

The French Undersea Research Center constructed the Saucer. at Marseille with National Geogra- phic aid. It was shown to tye In- ternational Oceanographic Con gress. in New York in Septem- ber, then to scientists in Wash- ington. Operational testing was- delayed, however, until the Caly- pso reached Puerto Rico.

TEST EXCEEDS HOPES

Underwater pilot Albert Falco and engineer-constructor Jean Millard took the Diving Saucer on a 95-minute free dive on Oc- tober 10. They reported that its power systems, relays, and in- struments functioned perfectly. The vehicle was ‘‘very stable, fairly fast, and extremely man- euverable.”” -

Mr. Falco said the steering system was so responsive that he considered himself check out as

Withering. and spreading stain

Of moss and damp on weather- | ed. bark—

A ruined nest, thin-ravelled, grey |

In five o'clock November dark, |

Tells Autumn’s slow decay. |

Yet mottled birds that here were | fledged

Here again will sing:

The brown bud, Winter-cowled, is pledged:

To white, immortal blossoming.

—Lenora A. Pratt

the first time in human affairs that new hope has arisen from the ashes of tragedy.

OUR YESTERDAYS

(From the Guardian Files)

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (Nov. 23, 1934) re The large barn of Mr. Welling- ton, Patterson, Hunter River, was totally destroyed by fire last night. A large quantity of feed, potatoes and turnips along ith four head of cattle and a ndmber of poultry were burned. The barn was valued at $2,500 and was partly covered by in- surance. - The twin-motor, nine passeng- er plane, Dragon, arrived Wed- nesday from Montreal at Upton Airport with Captain R.F. Saund- ers in charge. The plane com- menced its first regular run be- tween Moncton and Charlotte- town. yesterday. The Dragon will also be used in carrying mails to the Magdalene Islands. * TEN YEARS AGO _ (Noy. 23, 1949) An old Charlottetown structure,

National Geographic Society

gauge, and manuals for a tiy- draulic claw on the ouside. The

claw collects samples of marine—— -

life.

The “turtlelike vehicle will be used to explore North America's Continental. Shelf, one of the most interesting sectors of the undersea world, The offshore province of land stretches out to the Dropoff Line. a boundary 600

line the Continental Steve vlung- es to the Abyss. The Saucer can descend to 1,000 feet. :

SUNKEN SHIP EXPLORED

Captain Cousteau and ui: div- ers have toured the world in their undersea work. They dis- covered a 2,200-year-old Gree cargo ship at 140 feet in the } iterranean near Marseille and re- covered much of its wine jar car- go by thousands of Aqua-Lung dives. On a more recent mission. they surveyed 3,750 square mites of the Mediterranean floor to de termine the practicality of a na- tural gas pipeline between Africa and Europe.

The Calypso will continue op- erations off Puerto Rico, then make more tests with the Diving Saucer near Aves (Bird Island), tiny Venezuelan isle southeast of the Virgin Islands. “The vessel will call at Pointe-a-Pitre. Gaude- loupe, and Fort de France, Mare tinique, before sailing for Dakas.

a Diving Saucer pilot after one dive. :

“The Diving Ssucer is three | times better than we thought,” | Captain Cousteau said in his re-— port tothe Society.

the band stand in Queen Square, pulsion comes from two water |

| has been taken down. The decis- | lion to remove reached - by senting the and Civic rangements the sowin

a committee repre-

Governments.

stand at a later date.

A new and modern one room school which was completed re- cently was officially opened Mon- day night by the people of Iona. Speakers included: Angus Gil- more, school supervisor; Doug- ald MacKinnon, Rev. Willigm Me- Cabe. John- Hughes and Stephen MacCabe. The new building, 27 by 39 feet. cost in the vicinity of $3,000.

Albert L. Thomas

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