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THE EDCATI ONAL HORIZON

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS 0F. INTEREST T0 TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

DR. PEARSON‘S ADDRESS

(Continued)

gums... were also asked Cana- dlsn students about the United states, Their answers. as might be expat-ted, showed greater knowledge. but their appreciation of United States civilization was, in spots, s trifle distorted.

The following

yypicslt

“The .United States is a hot-bed at hustling. nag-waving. sum- rhewing men and women whose dignity is conspicuous by its ab- aence."

"The crime in the United States 1r astounding. Weapons are easy u) obtain and anybody out of a. W, jgins a gang and becomes a gangster. Thr- people havetnuch to ) high an opinion of themselves and tin too much talking."

n i‘, however. not enough to immv about other countries. 1t is equally important to know about other ideologies, other sytems of gflverlllllcflt, other ways of life than (.111 own, It is particularly import- ant. at this time. for instance. to appreciate the essential difference between totalitarian communism and iree democracy. The which is in some ways as reaction- ary as fcudnllsmanti mold a). -..|~ should not merely be damned: should be understood. Unless we do know what it means. what crun- munist doctrine means. we ‘l never understand what lies bcltlnci and guides the policy of certain mtmtries where that doctrine pre- vsils.

lll his book "Russia and the Rttvians," Edward Crankshaw gives a balanced and enlightened analysis or this subject. May I quote just a paragraph from that book?

"Violence, arbltary law, sustained privatlon and undernourishment, blind, trampling stupidity. the utter- most harshness of rule over body and soul impartially, bodily slavery with no compensating freedom for the spirit, forced atrophy of the independent mind withont bread and clrcuses to fill the gap, physical tirabness and squalor over all, re- flecting pcrfectlv a mood of hope- less apathy'.....'

As to free democracy, it is equ- ally important to know what it la and what it is not. It is not the rule of a mechanical majority: the divine right of 50 per cent plus 1. it is not the right of the powerful to Lramplc on the rlghtsof the ivctiir. it is not liberty for the capitalist tn exploit. or for the labour leader to extort. It is not extremism of the right. or the left, Nor is it merely tuvl-commtmism or anti-fascism. It is the middle of the road which h leading in the rlnh‘ rlli-tctlcn All this has been said much better than I could say it in a magazine of humour and of wisdom, the “New Yorker." Its editor once soliloquised about democracy as follows: _

"lt is the line that forms on the right. It is ‘hi’ as against ‘hell.’ It is the ‘don't’ in ‘Don-Vt. Shove’. It is the hole in the stuffed shirt through vrliioh one sawdust slot-vi: trickles: it is the dent in tthe high hat. Democracy is the recurrent suspicion that more than half of the people are right more than

STEPS IN Madeline C. Young, Normal School, Torontn)

l. Readiness for the Lesson-

Tho essential steps in any read- ing lesson are few and simple. The first step consists in creating the background necessary for the les- son. This will enable the child to understand the lesson, not merely ths words. A city child who bah not visited the country needs to be "My for reading about silos, Pumps. etc., perhaps even about the farm animals, by pictures, dis- cussion, construction, etc. During this preliminary work the new vocabulary is presented orally in context. Time is not taken to master the words during this step. A motive for reading the selection I‘ "l"! Riven. This often grows out of the illustrations which make the new readers attractive.

l. Guided Silent Reading-

The second step consists of Iuided silent reading of the lesson.

quotations are

(By

The children read to find the ans- tion for this step.

RED RIVER REBELLION

In 1369. Government surveyors bitch their work to survey lands ldlacent ‘to the farms of the French half-breeds near Fort Garry (Winnipeg). These half - breeds hltlcils) thinking their lands would ‘c’ taken from them, put a stop to his surveying. The chief agitator “f the half-breeds was Louis Riel. who ‘occupied Fort Garry. and set all! l provisional government" with

mself as president.

‘ll/hen lion. Wm. Mat-Dougnll sr- zlPd at the Red River settlement i) bslume the office of lieutenant- F“ 9mm‘. he was informed that he would not to allowed to enter the Muniry. h‘ "M" Dirty of men from the omlnion Government, under Dr.

half of tine time. It is the feellnB of privacy in the voting booths, the feeling of communion in the lltbraries, the feeling of vitality ever where."

In the struggle between these two sdoctrines. it should not be difficult to ensure victory for the forces of light and progress if we are willing to expend half the energyand intelligence in defend- ing and developing bur iree democracy as the communist are willing to expend in attempting to overthrow it. A negative policy alone, however, will never prevail. We should recognize that we can- not. remove the menace of aggress- ive communlsm — at home or from abroad — merely“by damlng it and by including in that damnation, 11s communists. anyone who votes the other way. If democracy is to flourish. — or even survive — it must be far more than anti-oom- munlsm. lt must become, and re-

first. i

it,

main, a positive and dynamic Ldoctrine which proves, by results. ,that it can contribute moreio the |welfare and happiness of thei glndividual than communism can.

,' We need not fear communism from within or from ivithout, as long as,

10. Those who have the responsi- bility of school business are cal- led a

11. There are members.

12. The present members for our school district are ———.

GENERAL

1. What were two of the oldest plants grown by man?

2. gIn what country does still grow wild?

3. In what country did wild oats originate?

4. In what country did corn orig- inate?

5. In what continent did potatoes originate?

6. In what country did peaches originate?

barley

NATURE Fill in the blanks in the follow-

‘in their foreign policies, nations Iare willing to co-operate in the! {prevention of war, and give up some of their old and outworn sovereign rights in the interest of greater security; and as long as, at home, they keep their demo- cratic socicty strong, healthy and ‘progressive. But, as it has been gsaid: "Being strong and healthy {is not the some us beating out tchests and staging war-dances in ‘ifront of the iron curtain. Being istrong and healthy means keeping our own house in order and ar- ranging the life within it so that all the members of the Il0\l.‘.C"ll“l.’I are proud to belong to it and do

not look elsewhere for their salvation from oppression." in ‘.lllS sirugglc of

| Furthermore. |democracy, free, expanding, pro- gressive democracy, against oom- munism, tyrannical, restrictive, re- actionary, we should be careful not to adopt weapons. or to use weap- ons in such a way. that vtc \\'.|i battles but lose the war, We must not allow freedom to be used to impose slaveiy. But neither must we lose our freedom in the name

of security. In avoiding these extremes, in establishing free democracy at

home and good international relat- ions with other countries, educat- ion based on truth. iolrratice anti understanding is our only hope. In the realization of that hope, the, teacher, I repeat, is all important,‘ and should he given opportunity and encouragement in the exercise of his high calling. At present we place him. in tangibloreiroszciltitzn. of this importance, somewhere be- low the plumber and completely out of sight. of the professional hockey player. Good teachers — not million dollar gymnnsla o)- (‘fill- vocation halls - mean good edu- cation. That, in its turn. means an alert and informed public opinion which is the mainsprlng oi‘ policy and action in our democratic society and must become the, main- spring of action in every society. preserved."

READING

wer to questions or suggestions of the teacher. ag-Rcad to find out how Alice and Jerry got tickets for the circus. The number of ques- tions needed depends upon the maturity of the children. In the pre-prlmer. the teacher will ask a question for every three or four sentences, but in Grade II, she will need only to ask a question to guide the reading of several pages. Al the reading progresses, free comments are made by the class. In early stages, most of the page ls read orally once immediately after each section is rend silently.

3. Re-Readinp-

The third step is re-reading of the selection. either orally or sll- ently. For this, strong. new motl- vatlon is needed. Audience read- ing when several children read to the rest of (he group, dramatiza- tion, reading to flnd a favorite sent- ence, to prove a disputed point, or to be able to tell the story in their own words may suggest motiva-

.Tohn Schultz. were Imprisoned in | Fort Garry by Riel. Several es- caped or were later released. Tho- mas Scott, an Irishman from Ont- ario, offendcd Riel, and after a form of a trial, was brutally shot.

Meanwhile, a Roman Catholic Bishop of St. Boniface was author- ized to offer n free pardon to all Metis who would lay down their arms; thus the half-breeds were calmed by the assurances of the Dominion Government.

In the meantime Colone lwolsely was sent with a force of troops and militiamen but they were unoppos- ed. Riel and other leaders had fled to the United States.

The result was s formation of the

Jug?

ing:

1. 'i‘wo domestic birds that are good swimmers are (1) i; (2)

2. ’I‘wo domestic birds that can- not swlm are: (1) ——; (2) ——.

3. Two ways to help birds are: t1) _~; t2) ——.

4. Five ways mammals help us are: (1) ; (2) i; (3) --; t4) -.-_; <5) ---

5. Three mammals and two birds

‘that are protected by game laws

are: (l) ; (2) <4) -~; tr.) —. 6. Five animals that provide skins for leather nrc: (1) ——-; (2 t3) _; t4) ~-; t5) _.

7. Three ways in which wild birds help us are: (1) ——; (2) ——; (3) ——-.

8. Four wild birds that supply us with food are: (1) --—-; t2 t3) __; t4) ——. .

9. Name three kinds of animals that have worked for man: (1) ; t2) —-; <3) --.

10. Names of three wild are: (1) —--; (2) -——; (

Manchurla. Large terr. of N. E. China; almost entirely in basin of River Sunguri, trlb. of Amur R., which forms N. and N.E. frontier; surface generally mountainous;

KERAMOS

l. (m What is the meaning of Keramos. Ans. A Greek word meaning “The Clay of the Potter." Tiles, vases, pottery of various kinds, are made from the potter! clay and shaped by being held against a revolving wheel.

(h) To whatYs the poem addres- sed? Ans. To the wheel on which the pottery was fashioned.

(c) Who is supposed to be speak- Ans. The Potter.

2. What was there in the work he was doing which made him think that "all things must change to something new"? Ans. As the wheel turned constantly changing the

i; (3) —~;

)i.

,_?.

birds

)——.

shape. of...the_..clay_..and. . evolving.

the vase or other vessels from it he thought of the changes which time was constantly making.

3. "Nothing that is can pause or stay." try to think of something which does not change with time- can you? Ans. All material things change with time. Q

4. Name the changes which he mentions as coming with time. Ans. The moon changes from new to full and again to new; the clouds and mist become rain and are changed again to cloud and misty the to- morrows as they come change into today; the buds become leaves; the leaves decay; the winds change; eggs in the nest change to robins

and fly away. RULES FOR

1. For dropping or retaining the final "e".

(a) Words ending in e preceded by a consonant, usually drop the e on taking s suffix beginning with a vowel. Move-moving, believe-be- lievlng.

(b) Words ending in "ue" drop the e on taking a suffix: argue- argulng, fatigue-fatiguing.

(c) Words ending in e retain the e on taking a suffix beginning with a consonant: move-movement. hoarse-lioarsencss.

(d) Words ending in ge or re re- tain the e on adding able, ably oi ous. Changeable, outrageous.

2. For doubling the final con- sonant.

(a) Words of one syllable .and words of more than one syllable if accented on the lust syllable) end- ing in n single consonant preceded by a single vowel, double the final

' LAMBERT

lie was the non of an Oxford trndesmnn who was brought for- word by the Yorkists during the reign of Henry VII as the son oi‘ the Duke of Clarence and there- fore heir to the English throne. In

This gland ls mainly composed of two lobes. Each consists of s different sort of tissue from the other, and each has a totally dif-

ferent function from the other. The anterior lobe is sometimes called

new province of Manitoba in 1870.

sxrtoaras t

l Write the name oi the Explorer

with whom you associate each of the Jollowing; , 1- St. Malo; Lake Mich River; 5,

2. Port Royal; 3. llan; 4. The Mississippi Stadscona; 6. The Found-

ing of Quebec. I608; 7, The Fir-col let Missionaries; B, Slcur do Moms; l 9. The Great Lakes; 10, Hocbelaga; l ll, Montreal; 12, Michllllmackinoc; - 1s. Newfoundland; i-i, P.E.I. '

counter: T0 MAKE m: srarrmrurs TRUE

r '- /\ number of persons having ‘opinion interests and privileges. "l"! In the same locality and under the some laws. is called s

2~ M! home is in a munity. 3- The first white settlers in this district came from —-—-. 4- TI")! arrived about the year . travelling from -~-- by ___ .

COM-

."v. Some of the difficulties they mot were - ----.

6. In our community —---»- is the chief occupation.

7. The public institutions community are

l. Our school district is called and ltl No. II

in our

9. Our school in which there an.

- rooms. was built in the your __._.,

you and rm.

"the master gland," because its secretion controls a number of the other endoc the glands. Al-

though scarcely larger than a pea, it produces at least six different

._ tron

l-ie was a king of Sparta, who al- cended the throne in 491 8.0. When Xerxes invaded Greece, the LIIEQR congress assigned to Leonidas the command of the force destined to defend the pass of Thermopylae.

'His force, according to Herodotus,

13. The parents and children of s school district have responsibil- ities, too, the former to , and the latter to

14. If we all we can build s community of which we can be proud.

SCIENCE

7. What mean?

B. What does cross-pollination mean?

9. What are two other insects besides bees that help to pollinate flowers?

10. How do wlnd-polllnated flow- ers dlffer from insect-pollinated

t

does _ self-pollination

ones? 11. Who used potatoes first? 12. Who first introduced them

into England? SCIENCE

chief industries, agriculture (soya beans, millet, wheat, rice), and cattle rearing; rich in minerals, in eluding gold, iron, coal; valuable forests. Capital Mukden. Area, 363.610 sq. m.; population C., 24.- 521,000. i

Korea. Peninsula country with many islands, E. coast of Asia; lies between Yellow Sea and Sea oi Japan. Annexed by Japan ln 1910. Surface ls mountainous, drained by Rivers Han, Tat-dong, Yalu, Tumen, and other streams. Principal in- dustry is agriculture, but methods are extremely primitive. Rice, bar- ley, wheat, and other grains, tobac- co, cotton, cattle are produced. There is some whale-fishing, and many small fishing colonies are round shores. Minerals include gold, which is extensively worked, coal, copper, iron, graphite, mica. Cap. Seoul. Rly. mileage, C. 2,000. Area, 84,949 sq. miles. Pop. in 193i was 19,200,000.

Dalren. Port, Liaotung penin-

lula, Manchurla, on land leased to Japan; fishing; salt; exports soya beans. Pop. 300,000, ' Tsingtao. Port. Shuntung, China, on Kiaochow Bay; connected by rly. with Tslnan; salt fields. ex- ports straw brald, silk. Population 318000

t

_ I (Literature) l 5. Explain "the moon will wax and wane". The moon changes

from new to full (wax, grow larg- er) and from full to new (wane. to grow smaller.

6. Explain, "The mist and cloud will turn to rain, the rain to mist and cloud again. Ans.: The moist- ure of the cloud and mist l5 con- densed and falls in rain; the water of the rivers and lakes is evaporat- ed and rising as water-vapor forms again into cloud and mist.

7. How will tomorrow be today? Ans; The day which we call to- marrow as it comes to us is today.

8. "Stop, stop, my wheel". Why ~does r-he - wish - to stop - the - wheel ‘.1 What is ii: that he is really wish- lng he could stop? Why? It makes him think how quickly everything changes. I-Ie is really wishing he could stop the flight of time, be- cause he does not wish everything to change and pass away so rapid-

ly.

9. Explain, "The noon will be the afternoon, today be yesterday." As time passes the present is ever changing to the past: What was today becomes yesterday.

10. Why "too soon"? Because he wishes he could keep the happiness and beauty of the present.

11. What feeling does the poem give to you? Ans.: A feeling of sadness.

SPELLING

consonant before a suffix beginning with a vowel. Thln——.thinner.

(b) When the accent is thrown back upon another syllable. after the derivative ls formed, the final consonant is not doubled. Refer- reference.

(c) When preceded by two vow- ell, the final consonant is no! doubled. Toil—iolllng.

3. For final "y".

(a) Words ending in y preceded by a consonant. retain y before a suffix beginning with l; on taking a suffix beginning with any other letter, y is in most cases changed to i. Cry-—crylng; lazy-laziness. (b) Words ending in y preceded by a vowel, retain y before a suf- fix. Buy-buying.

Note: The trouble with sll rules for spelling is the number of ex- ceptions which may be found foi every rule.

SIMN EL

reality Henry held Clarence’: son a prisoner in the Tower. The re- bellion in favour of Lambert Stmnel was soon quelled. He was late: given iha post of scullinn in the King's kitchen.

THE PITUITARY GLAND

hormones. These affect the mela- bolism of food and influence growth. If foo much of the growth hormone is produced. the person may grow to be a giant. If too lit- tle is produced. the child may be a dwarf. The rear or posterior lobe produces several harmonea ihc best known of which (1) affect ilu- actlvlty of the kidneys and t2) regulate the muscles of cerialrvln ternol organs.

IDAS

of whom three hundred were Spar t- ans. After the Persians had madt. several vain attempts to force the pass, a Greek named Ephlatcs be- trayed to them a mountain path. by which Leonidas was assailed from the rear, and he and his fol-

amounted to over six thousand men.

lowers fell fighting in 480 RC.

tmitov: YOUR rucusu

Say—-

1. The teacher and I had s good lnlk. 2. They were the oncs. 3. All went except him. 4. Between 5. No one but me

could do it. 8. lt was easy for you and him. 7. It was l. 8. John and lhe went to town. 9. Whom do you think I saw. 10. Was it he. i1. It In I. 12. Mary and she said so. 1.1. It's Just we who are to go. if. l-ie

‘$0

I! [nuanced Dujerdh

PL -—'—

Lisbeth sthivered. she wished to- night were over. She wished she could shake off the feeling of uumbnm, of utter spiritual weari- ness that gripped her.

It. wasn't until dinner was al- most over that she recalled having made an engagement with Miles for this evening. Nothing import- ant, fortunately. A ride, a, 90551111. stop mt a roadhouse for dancing. She excused herself when Gay and Carter went to the drawing-room for coffee and made her way up- stairs. She phoned Miles on the extension in her own room and felt a. qualm of guilt at lrus gen- uine solicltude over the headache she invented.

"It isn't too bad," she assured him. “I Just don't feel up to m. ing out tonight."

Having hung up, ghg mans“ from her green organza dilute;- gown to street clothes. Her purse bulged with the money Gay hm given her. ten thousand dollars in bills.