PL Re Pe TE ee ee

yee eee

: elarity the changing patterns of our °

Carrier ‘ » Prev inces and United States $12.00 per annum

“Ry Mla) cisewhere in P.E.1. $9.00 per annum. Other Peevinces and United States $!2.00 per annum

" PAGE «SATURDAY. MARCH 21, 1958-4

‘Ouistanding Work On P.EL.

“Three Centuries And The Island” .

is the title of an exceptionally inter- ‘esting and valuable book about this Prevince, just published by the Uni- versity of Toronto Press. The au- thor, Professor Andrew Hill Clark, is a native of Manitoba but ‘of Prince Edward Island stock, aad he writes from a background of wide personal knowledge ‘of, and affection for, the land of his forbears. His work, sub- titled “a historical geography of settlement and agriculture,” is the first in the field of such studies to be published in Canada.

By the analysis of over 1200 maps, some_of which form. part of the text of the book, Professor Clark stu- dies agriculture as the dominant ec-. onomic activity of Prince Edward Is- land and traces with remarkable

land culture through the years, He

* begins with a description of our na-

\.

tural geography, passing on to stress the necessity for careful consider- fon of the background and culture of groups of different. origins when studying the changing geographies of land use.

The settlement of the Island is traced from the time it was used as a summer campground by the Mic- mac Indians. Details of the arrival of the first Acadians, the transfer to British rule, and the subsequent in; flux of Scottish, Irish, Loyalist, and English stock are given, together with evidence of the effect their coming had on the agriculture of the region. One hundred and sixty-five maps and sixteen tables illustrate the distribution of population, by area -and origin, changes in kind and dis- tribution of crops, census of live- atock, etc., from the.early eighteenth century to the present day, and from the days when the potato was un-

: ~ known as acrop through the fur-

F

Be

farming era.

. The author presents this study as a part of his lifework, a program of research on the settlement over- geas in the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries of people from the British Isles. His travels as a@ geographer in war service took him to many parts of the world— northern Canada, Western, Europe, Africa, New Zealand (where he was a lecturer in 1941 and 1942), te China, and to India. He gave the Uni- versity of London lectures in Geo- graphy for 1953-4 at University Col- lege. London,-and was professor and ehairman of the department of geo- graphy at Rutgers University until 1951. Since then he has held the post of professor of geography at the Uni- versity of Wisconsin. He is also monographs editor of the Association ef American Geographers.

There is no doubt that Professor Clark's book on Prince Edward Is- land will remain, for many years, the standard work of its kind. Con- sisting of over 270 pages, well bound and indexed, it sells for $10 and ean hé warmly- recommended to all interested in this important phase of our Island history.

Hard To Pin Down

As Prime Minister Macmillan and President Eisenhower were confering over the weekend on the Berlin cri- gis, Mr. Khrushchev was busy too— making another change of pace in i:is eonfusing approach to the issue. He accepted in advance a forthcoming Western proposal to\ convene a for- eign ministers’ conference on May 11. insisting, however, that the meet- "ing he confined to discussion of a German peace treaty and the future of West Berlin, and that it be fol- lowed by a summit conference. If only the Soviet leader would stay

put for a while, this proposal would |

look more promising. But the dif- ficulty is that—as the Washington Post remarked recently—“he seems to light up with more combinations than a pinball machine.” Here is a synopsis of his previous statements:

Nov. 10—The west must get its troops out of west Berlin; all Berlin

fe to become capital of Communist

‘East Germany

or Riftsia will turn over control of access routes from West Germany to the East Germans. Russia will

also withdraw its troops from east “Berlin. ee

Nov. 30—Russia wants to reach a peaceful solution of the problem at the conference table

Dec. 11—Russia is willing to dis- cuss Berlin with the United States, Britain and France, but not German reunification. ‘That is for West and

|: East-Germany to-resolve,

Jan. 10—There must be a .peace conference of 27 nations on German problems. A proposed peace treaty would make west Berlin an unarm- ed city unti] Germany reunited.

Feb. 18—If the East Germans tried to block allied convoys to west Berlin, and there was shooting, So- viet Russia would: stand by East

Germany and there would be war. +

Feb. 24—The west wants a for- eign ministers’ meeting “to draw us into a maze of diplomatic talks in order to get bogged down .. . for

| geveral years.” Russia insists on a

summit conference. Russia will never desert East Germany and its “pro- gressive forces.”

Mar. 4—Russia agrees to a for- eign ministers’ meeting and negotia- tions to establish a basis of settle- ment of questions about Berlin and Germany.

Mar. 5—Russia wants a peace conference with participation of the two German states, Poland and Czecho-Slovakia. Russia will sign a

“separate peace treaty with East Germany if no over-all German agreement is reached. The May 27 deadline on west Berlin is not an ultimatum—it “could be postponed until June 27 or July 27. “We are in no hurry. There is an old Russian saying: ‘Never count your chickens until autumn.”

Mar. 9—The western powers will be permitted to keep small garrisons in west Berlin if they agree to miake it a free city and if a Soviet garrison is also stationéd there. Perhaps some UN forces could be stationed in West Berlin, too.

That’s the way it has — gone. The Milwaukee Journal, to which we are indepted for the above summary, adds that to western diplomats, argu- ing with Mr. Khrushchev miust be like wrestling with an octopus,

cDITORIAL NOTES

In Falum, Sweden, a Swedish Lutheran bishop, whose diocese is in India, ordained a Chinese who will begin his ministry in England. You might almost call that an ecumenical

event.

Complexities of government ad- ministration have reached the point where the government at Ottawa is looking for more college graduates to fill civil service positions. Some 12,000 university graduates are now in civil service employment.

s * *

Of all the tributes paid to the late Hon. Sidney Smith, perhaps the most touching was that received from U.S. Secretary Dulles. From his sickbed in Washington, where he is battling with an incurable cancer ail- ment, Mr. Dulles spoke of Dr. Smith's death as a “distressing loss to Can- ada and to all those with whom he came in contact.”

- oe

It is to be hoped that Mr. Bell, House leader of the Opposition, will be able to accept Premier Matheson’s invitation to participate in the pre- sentation, at Ottawa, of our request for immediate action in providing an additional car ferry. It is important to keep the matter on a non-partisan

basis, and Mr. Bell, in any case, would make a valuable member of the delegation.

- * ‘# -

It has been announced by Hon. J. Angus MacLean, Federal] Fisheries

' Minister, that on April 1 inspection

of fresh and frozen fish and fish pro- cessing plants on a national basis will be instituted. This is a commend- able move, highly important in es- tablishing a stable reputation for our

fish’ products abroad. tel °

~

J .

Every day termites cause about $250,000 worth of damage in the United States alone. Fighting the pests is difficult because. they usual- ly work in inaccessible places. Hope- fully, scientists of the University of California in Los Angeles Rave con- trived an experimental sound de- tection device that enables them. to listen to termites chewing. and crawling about “in their tunnels.

oi 2 ee

#xbetter about the tuition

ne

By Ed

2

In an episode that would have done credit to Lewis Carroll, Nikita Khrushchev has waved his hand over a Russian ultimatum to the West and transformed it ipto a Western invitation to the) East. ~

To those attending the Russian premier's Kremlin press confer- ence, it must have sounded lke something straight out of Alice in Wonderland. The ultimatum

PUBLIC FORUM

This column is open to the discus

sion by correspondents of question c.

imterest. The Guardian does not neses

sarily ex‘*orse the opinion of corres pondents.

that Khrush-

MAYOR JOHNSTONE ON MUNICIPAL POLL TAX le

Sir,—Saturday'’s. press report of the debate in the Hlouse on the Municipal Poll Tax Bill con- tains the following paragraph respecting Mr. Harvey Douglas’ comments: ‘‘He also pointed out that a number of rural villages had built large schools which they were finding difficult to pay for. He said these buildings were mostly built by Charlottetown | contractors, the labourers of | whom went scott free from pay ing taxes’’.

While I fully appreciate the | financial burden involved in building a school, I would like to remind Mr. Douglas that the Province now gives very sub- stantial help to all rural schools. Under the Rural School Act all schools in the Province except those in Summerside and Char- lottetown are classed as rural schools.

The financial assistance to rure’ schools in the fiscal year 1956-1957 amounted to $598,448 or $34.50 per pupil. I regret that I do not have the figures for 1957- 1966 but I understand that they are substantially greater than the above amounts.

The Government is to be high- ly commended for its. generous support to the districts, towns and villages. I would remind Mr. Douglas also that Charlottetown has been building large schools during recent years and the pay- ing for these schools presents to | the City an even greater dif- _ fieulty than that confronting the districts and towns because thé Province does not give to Char- lottetown the same financial help that it contributes to the rural schools. : |

The only assistance we receiv- ed froni the province was an ip- terest free loan of $160,000 to be repaid 10 percent > annually for ten years; whereas at $34.50 per pupil we would be receiving over $100,000 annually.

Mr. Douglas is further report- ed as saying that people living in Parkdale and_ working in Charlottetown had to pay the $25 Education Tax, and if they sent their children to 4 C)ar- lottetown school they had another $60 tuition.

This statement is not in ac- cordance with the facts. In all | such cases the $25 Education Tax | is deducted from the $40 tuition fee.

Inasmuch as the per pupi! cost of education to the lax-pave:s of Charlottetown is over $10 a year, I think the less said the fee to

, non-residents. ‘

It would be very nice indeed: if Charlottetown could give school privileges and all city services free of charge to every non-residem, but in fairness to our citizens, who are paving very heavy taxes, it simply can’t be done. i

I commend Mr. Douglas for | trying to remedy something | which he doubtless thinks ‘s vn- just and I do sympathize witht non-residents who ‘are exposed to double taxation, but i¢ it fair to ask the residents of Charlotte- town to pay 100 percent of the cost of city services and at the same time expect them to share the limited employment avail- able with those who prefer to ‘e- side elsewhere while making

their living in Charlottetown?

*

| from taxation a?!

to pay

| hecome

M Mr. Douglas will introduce},

Lu !

s New Line

Simon

Canadian Press Staff Writer

chev said wasn't an ultimatum was last November’s demand for the withdrawal of Western forces from West Berlin by May 27.

The invitation that the Soviet premier blandly accepted with- out’ wailing for 1 to be offered concerned a meeting of foreign ministers on May 11.

The conciliatory tone of Khrusnchev's remarks, if ut lasts. might well bring-about a foreign ministers’ conference on the spe- cified date if agreement can be reached on the unsettled question of the presence of Czech and Pol- ish represeniatives at the tatks- MAY BE PROGRESS .

If the ministers get together. progress may or may not be made on the questions of Berlin

and a German peace treaty Their suecess is likely. to deter mine whether a summit confer

ence will follow. In effect, Khrushchev's men-

tion of a date was the only step |

forward. The remainder of his remarks, even his denial that his “get out of Berlin’ss stutement of last November constituted ultimatum, had all been said be-

re. His “concession” of the right

of the Western powers to keep froops in West Rerlin. conceded nothing mofe than the validity of | agreements between Russia and the West at the end of the Sec ond World War. And he has not abandoned merely postponed— his intention to give Communist East Germany control of the Berlin approaches if no agree-

ment is signed with the West ISOLATED DISPLAY

Yet, if an isolated display of amiability by Khrushchev, taken

by itself, does not herald the dawn of a new and more peace- ful era. he has zone some dis

tance toward making amends for |

his treatment of Prime Minister Macmillan three weeks ago Khrushchev's blistering attack on the West during Macmillan’s Russian visit took a great deal of the bloom off the Britan’s dip- lomatic venture. But the new Russian line augurs well for the success of his current talks with President Eisenhower, whom he is trving to persuade to make a néw approach to bridge the East- ‘West ‘gap

—— je

legislation which will give Char- lottetown an even break with the rest of the Province respect- ing financial assistance» in educa- tion, I think I ean assure him that not only would we exempt persons from 2nd Kings who wish to work tn Charlottetown, but we would

_also make him Honorary Mayor

of Charlottetown for the rest of his days T am, Sir. ete., EDWIN C. JOHNSTONE Mayor of Charlottetown

WHAT OF THE. LOWER GRADES?

Sir,-So many parents have spoken to me about the following matters that I would like to call general attention to them.

* During the past few years we have built splendid new schools for grades seven to ten. These are fine buildings and. ‘hough they are seriously lacking im some facilities these quite adequately Grades eleven and twelve are certainly well provided for at Prince of Wales College as was so well shown by the C.A.C. sur- vey of last spring. We should

proud of that record. -

With grades seven to twelve well looked after, where do we sband with grades one to six? Even though the tax load is high. surely something can be done to assure better fire protection and better facilities for these grades. We must provide. sprinkler sys- tems as an immediate temporary measure and as space and available move * . youngsiers out of such. fire-tnaps as West Kent and Queens Square Schools.

T am. Sir, etc.. WORRIED PARENT Charloitetuwa. . fi

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Lito | II IDES OF WARCH Khrushchev’

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Bess } mouth

” ' +

OTTAWA REPORT

Stace the cerms thriwe . ft is me wonder perfect

is 2 place for them

Kissing isat the ealy imfection is passed from

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£.

peoular. AvVolD "NTAIN GLASSES

iw wees newborn baby, or eves an I sucgest that you usinc drinking feuntain glasses which muckt oct have

While the bealth departments of our ‘arce cities keep the re- Mauren: standards pretty high, if there amy @Quesiee Ww your mind zbeut the cleanhness of a dont eat there

The imfectier can aise he pass ed on te a sumber of gevuspct-

s

The Prime Minister’s Tour

‘By Patrick For seven weeks tas Vea Prime Minister John Diefenbeke: | toured western Europe and Asi2 to see those . countries whch our military allies and ear Com monweatth. brothers Somewhere alonz hr: a eurtain of down on his travels John Diefenbaker appeared our newspapers less frequently then at any time since the youn Prince Albert lawyer won

are

arr ser recs

Tre

.arre

con

stituency of Lake Centre &® « | slender 280 vote majority os ‘he ; 1940 election. to enter our Par

liament for the first time

So #t was with a sharpened ac ticipation that I accepted an vitation to hear Dr PR. Ryvaat i fell the St. Patrick's Nes of the Kiwani here about “Our Prime Minister's world tour’. For Dr. Rynard. the Con- servative M.P. from East Sim- coe, was honoured by the Prime Minister's invitation te accom- | pany him on his tour in the du capacity of political colleague aad medical consultant

Mr. Diefenbaker set out de‘er-

io.

meet

} ing

mined to make his tmp a fact- finding tour. \said Dr. Rvrard. | Knowing comethinc af tine 7 i ditions he wa: tkely te encoun ter in the underdevelane 3 over - populated Commonwealth

| countries of As.a. he deciarved his | keynote belief that “one c2nnct

fill empty stomachs with zh- spounding words of emrty plat | tudes” -

First his visit highichted Enz- land—pulling herself up after a victory which nearly bankrup ed | her: Germany—rising from rod | ble and defeat ta he the world's | greatest non-2tive-awar thanks to dedicated worker. t ing a @® hour week. the ‘id die East—which would be only | miles of sand without “the dis- | mond of the desert”. oi! ROMANCE AND RAGS And so to Asia

First stop was Kars e capital of Pakistan [ts popula | tion has mukiplied so mau ten vears that for many home i« |2 strip of canvas stretched be- | tween four sticks, with ne te’e | facilities

Pakistan's great problem :< | of natural irrigation, with an as- | nual rainfall of only seves inches.

CX"

2

aa

So that country is deeply grate °

Nichelsea t

Celcom de

te Can

sada for 29N Pian

aid

*

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1

infection, the membrane as- red appearance. becomes covered with a coa this time you will unpleasant odor mately, the disease ad- rapidly in babies and it can unbal- "s general sys- it easy with the

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issing, huh?

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eacacon athe

ie A a I, LR,

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IN AND ANSWER W. K.: Could you tell me whai would relieve neuritis? I have

re the mother of a | hich blood pressure and have to.

urinate excessively at night. Answer: Neurijis may be due te an infection, vitamin defi- ciency, general disease such as @abetes and other causes. Its treatment depends upon the cause. Rt is advisable to consult your @octor for proper treatment.

MARCH, THE FICKLE Now March with fresh and gen te breath comes tiptoe down the crystal saur—

nz them. as her fleecy cloak al! radiant spun the great War- | Ber blithe voice waking

very:

sak Dam. uo near the Khyber) Where:

Re Ow hohe

hee cepa!

na oP ‘a? te c Wry s ™esle eceeemy caRr- eet sappert se mary. se fami is are talioned by ihe govera- men to three chidres cows EVERYWHERE

locha + exly fair wth many be nas lots af cows; ne iess ‘har ome quarter of ¢t

worlds catile pepulstien ream wild in Indis—af are sacred aad hence nome are des ined fer the 3 we evTed. wite for ence best Trews? Davtegr- by "= 2 com te the

ptcher at the door of one’s hame- But eves with all se coms, the mulk supoly wm arid India ev-

os

eraces five quarts per day fer four mon = the vear for one Cow. and that means half an

ounce of mek per India per day. There is however a2 inierest- ag by-product of cattle. of which

fuel-less India makes full use. Coe deot wher dred makes ac- cent fine? 7 ner cent of In 4-e: saws comme: frem that.

mr wk its

&

awe ever & 4 sere is amy food te coak; @ common sight is Mother Walk- ing home with the da>s supply

of fuel al sx pieces, neatly sacke “= her beod Those are seme of the asion-

isa acts of Life among our have-not brothers which Dr. Ry-

marc ‘od us had been noted by eur Prone Mivester: he $ise peo- ted sé>etrratoon thew deter- ming'ton te precress. and their ded octas te ted te that ead

Have «e in Canada. is the impor- tam: questien raised im the Prime Minister's mind, the determina-

~ A Sorry Exhibition

Meatreal Star

Parliamentary debate on the Newfoundland. stmke crisis hat been astonishing. The muishan! ing of the problem by both the Conservatives and [Libera’s +

| almost incredible. Clear and simple principles have been abandoned by both. Double tal has dominated discussien. The only rational explanatien= tha’ | leaps to the mind is that the | party leaders ‘have been scare: by the pressure campaign lax on by the Canadian Labor Con | gress. If any other explana- tion is available, let's have it Consider first the positon of the Government. Preme Minis ter Diefenbaker, in the course of an attack on the Smallwood - | administration. said that the Newfoundland Premier had watly aggravated the <itua- ion by “intervening in a labor lispute in a way which apper- -ntly goes beyond ‘the usual role #” government.” What. one may isk, is “the usual role?” And ‘ince when do. Canadian Prim: Minis'ers undertake the job of elling provincial government: tow to conduct their besiness*

|

FURTHER Justice Minister Fulton went further." He explaiacd te th

House of Commons that be dis , torted the i ion of =the plain terms of a contract with Nnewfoundland because __ the Government did not want the RC.M-P. te become identified with the maintenance of law and | order in a labor dispute whict had broken out. Logically, of

4 /-

course. if he held such views sp civ. he should have with- drawn the ROMP. detachment completely He did act de se. He merely refused to send rein- farcements. 2 straddling ‘dell fer which Hitt can be said Neither Mr. '6efenbaker aor Mr Fulter did what—granied their views—thex should have done.—2namely te disallow the Newfoundland act. They wob- bled about im the middle of the read. beopinz on ene hand to placate the CLO. and ca the ether te keep am escame hatch eper Af least ther succeeded = winnine COP wcepeert ‘ LIRERAL POSITION If the Geverament is te be con- demned—and we believe it is—

>

For the last’ elec-

party

first time since

~edeced wheat-frem | While venturing so far s> soon,

and Yhat ealy | DeThaps the icy-bearded one mertazeg | Bes only napping in his lair- sckets em the 27d roaring loud. old Lion may

eer at 6 per cent. Yet mm the Ottawa Journal

where the uxcome of tion to raise our productivity to | averase family is $% per match our rising wages -without In India & is a sab-printely | which we will lose u" export

Pas irmigste

anc supP:

newer. Hitherte ot that district | *he hare f

me i prfertrhted dhast—twe Cee aa

Ci ™e Pa water \leng distances ip ci

heads of women

Literacy is oniv 14 per cent;

but act the berder is India & S even !

India net so despere.ely poor i as Pakisian

the

year

$135 oer week

Each year sees | markets for that invaluable

CASH?

dust say the wordl...

1OM acres %® Waters stir and earth begins 5600 kilowatts of Shake its load of snowdrift sins

oh pretty innocent take. care:

leap out and snatch you, Lamb. away. “Ruth E. Scharfe |

ourpose of the Arrow ! sown the Diefenbaker Govern- ment?—Windsor. “tar

QUR YESTERDAYS (Frem the Guardian Files) TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO

(March 23, 1934) “e

A new page of hockey history

was written into the books last

ies.

The final game for the Le and Wright trophy was Wednesday evening at den rink, between Bo the Kensington’ teams won by Kensington with a of 42. The cup was put Hon. Walter Lea and Mr ace Wright to encourage ful players in the 4th District of Prince. ; ay TEN YEARS AGO -

(March 23, 1949)

On Apri] ist the Royal Cana.

dian Air Force wil] celebrate its

Fg WH

Ss 3

bf

morate the event. At the R.C.A F. Station, Summerside, tae day will be set aside in observance of the anniversary. Besides a parade in the morning, there wil! be a bask- etball game in the afternooon he- tween the Station team and a team from the J.S. Air Force Base at Harmon Field, Nfld.

Incomplete returns by canvas-

| commended them for their ac-

30

le | per cen of our national produc

tivity which we sell abso2d? We cannot turn a blind eve io the as- pirations, the needs and the bene- fits to ourselves which are stir- ing im Asia; how can we best | Gevelop our present and future

' possibilities with our navenot

brothers’. How can we zel our full share of the growing Asian trade?

The Kiwanis enjoyed an en- thrailing and masterly descrip- | tien of Canada's Prime Minister visiting the bezaars and commun thes of the Orient; ‘Doc’ Rynard. |

politician. and cattle- | man, has shown a great new tal- ent as guest speaker at club ga-

.You're always welcome

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