was-mp " w"

I

~.scl‘li torus. bristling

- NEWSY

NOTES - q

' B! AOIIOOLA

Baunockliurn (3)

It was Suzrday morning. June 23rd. i314, when the t\vo armies otlr While the

sighted CLlCil s giZId itpou the immense 1r-

ere clad in at

Y uudfr" llrc l ert Clifford. detached itself from the Elililall riiuiu army and sped cl‘ Slit-Ira; Castle. ‘Luiiluliilifi’ exclaim-

m.

, stung iivc liuu- ~.‘.i i‘. )l.\i|l oi the fiiziutii riiciu iuio l! iiluu r».qi!3i'.‘.'w'.

.: "he Scots. thezi‘ "rut fight‘ " a mcm-

seemed

a; obscrviug this. asked Robert for" tierriiission to go to his irrciids assistance and this unis graziivci. Siiflilfl Douglas ad- vance. Ruircioiplrs men made an iiup. uous churgc, and cut the Er ush squadron in two. It broke and f ci from ti; field.

iiiile tire action was be- ersil, The English ad- . .. , ruidcr the Earls of lit!" and Gloucester, was or- " i-"d i0l’\\'lli'd to attack the Scots. e front l'.iilli rode Henry dc i, a Vtiliillt knight, nephew Earl of Hereford, and coin- or of a. force of Welshmen. rig King Robert. armed only i; bat‘. -axc, well alzciid of his army. ii hr- was ruarshalliiig, Bohun liroiighi to end the war at a blow by killing the King out of hand.

King Robert was mounted on a small grey pony. and Bohun, plac- rii: his lance in rest. thundered down upon the mozrarcii. Brit the wily Bruce rode to meet him and at the critical moment jerked his pony aside: and as Bchun passed the Krrg rose in his stirrups and dclivervd n mighty blow that clove the helmet. arid skull of his foe. The handle of the weapon was “flirvered in his gauntlets grasp."

Then the Scots rushed forward and charged the Engish vanguard with fury; it was forced back and the Earl of Gloucester had his horse killed under him, but was rescind by his lil€'.l. 1n the mean- while the Scottish leaders gather"- ed round the King and reproved him for risking a life so valuable to them; he only smiled, as he lmkcd at the fragments of his ‘ivcapon: "Wis a pity I have broken my cood battlettxc," said he.

Randolph retuiuicd, elated at his succes. The Scots so far had had the best of it and both leaders and men felt their superiority: but both sides had become weary and‘ hastened to take up quarters for the night. In this the English made an error that lost them the battle: they encamped on the marshy ground in the angle formed by the junction of the River Fiorth

‘ mcu---v\"ho were

= sounds of battle. They selected

iui Switisir bownxerr, who in tum delivered a volley at llmost paint

English into that. fatal wedge of land between the two streams. Th9 helpless mass was in the utmost coiiiusicn; its front heaped and hampered by fallen horses, its rear" ranks, (thousands of whom never had the chance of striking a blow) pressing on those in front and cri- cumbcrurg them. while the Scots. who stood ou the bodies of mcu and lrorscs. thrust. with their" lung. spears and brought down iriore vic- tims. It only rcquued suclr an ll)- clderrt as irow occurred. to make the ruin of the English complete.

Tiic Scottish baggage-wagons, in char-go oi a crowd of luckays arid servants. was parked ou an cmiu- cncc called iii: "Gilirs Hill." a little way from the lighting, ‘These

probably High- stirred by the it captain and tying sheets to tent- poms and spears, to resemble ban- ncrs, moved dOWILSlIOUKIIIZZ “Upon them! Slay. slaw!"

The sight of what appeared to bc a. new host of enemies, carried panic into the English ranks, and they broke up into small parties. derxpite all commands to keep to- gather. King Robert threw his men forward with redoubied en- ergy". King Edward himself was lu danger, but struck out right and left with his mace and felled sev- eral of his enemies to the ground;

I&lld8l’5——W€,i‘Q

then Pembroke and Sir Giles de Argentine. who were acting as bodyguards, seized his reins and

forced him to quit the field. When the heroic Argentine saw li‘s mou- arch in solely, he wheeled, laid his lance in rest and charged the Scots, only to be borne down and slain.

'1". . was the cud: the break-up became a famous r"out and thous- ands feil. Many were drowned in trying to swim the River Fbrth. and the little Bannock Burn was heaped high with the dead. Nuru-

bers climbed the rock oii whrcli Stirling Castle stands, but the Governor refused to open the

gates, so they were forced to sur- render. Edwarcl made his escape and fled to Dunbar. closely pur- sued by his enemies; there ho took

ship and returned to England. 'I‘1iosc who surrendered \\'<l'3 re- ceived by King Robert, wiili the

greatest kindness, and were load- ed with presents 371d sent. llCillt‘, His subjects were less merciful; those who escaped the slaughter" and sought to reach England through the south of Scotland. were slaughtered by the ifeasantry. Many hundreds perished thus

So ended thc famous Baltic of Bannockiburn, which may be rc- garded as one of the decisive bat-

to the ciairris of the English Kings that Scotland should be aruiexcd to the English (‘fO\v'll. "Front tlia‘ day Scotland resumed hcr ancient freedom"

"No sl male".

In "Notes by the Way“, last week. a paragraph referred to the popu- laxity of the British iii Italy, des- pite i‘ e Italian saying that "ingiese Italianatoe ill-w‘ incarnate."

and the Bannock Burn. ‘Fhey did not know it yet, but they were in l death-trap.

In this narrow space. about three miles in depth, and with a front- age of W0 miles. the English pass- ed.ari anxious night. standing in full armor. by the side of their

horses. The}: had not slept much for several had marched twenty mics i morning. had i Jought, anti were cortsuained l to fwatch a: a ~~~ht attack. t One can ima e ".. .. condition ‘ sun rose on Monday, ‘

e found Edwina II I-ie refused . cap- ; tre Earl - lalseiaocd and amazement he , r aoldly out of l cv had passed ‘ ..‘.o e

the tvcoc‘: tilt’: night. ar

icplrrd Sr Ingram ' .iiillc._a Nozriiaf. batcu". ". the slots tvci. hating

do Uiuulii who. kricv," estates both in Scotland and Erig- i lrnrl." , "But they kneel for merry!“ ex-

l

ilrtinrcrl Elrlmtrd srwnv Bcot- ‘ lr:~"‘.i arm".- ri.,iii."t.'l 1|. p; '"

"Piic 2V1‘ iiu:i"iv.'" saul Uniphra- villc, u ii is from God and not fvouit you. BFHCYE mo, you men will uiii or riic"

"So lic il." cried l-Tdtvtirtl. angered

at this rculv. “cinilfld the trumpets fir" the rlutrgc!"

With lance in red All the mount- ed iueir ul t " rlruilith nrmv i"u=.li- ed forward at. full gallop. Hui the Scots liarl lairnrad w lesson from the "" rrrviout: tiay/‘s fighting. and their again with long spears, moved forward too. The armies n“ with a furious shook, which. an old writer says, was hoard miles away. "The ham- mering of swords rind axes upou the armor of the combatants sound- ed like the clangor" from a thousand forges." as the battle. swayed back and forth. Early iii the charm! "the young Earl of Gloucester, who had nezlcct/zd to wear his identify- iing insignia. was slain. to the great regret of the Scots. who had wish- ed...» spare hirii.

Randolph again threw his men into the thickest. part of the Eng» Li!!! ‘ll-list and the." seemed lost in that 5C0. of steel. They made steady headway. however, since they were the men of Moray, th¢

ick of the ficottflsli army. And now fire English arclzsrs toe; a hand. 'I‘h~.~_v had breu badly Dllced 0Y1 u" flank of Edward's army. but they poured such a. vollev oi‘ arrows up- on the Boots as‘ took instant and serious eff-ct. Kin; Hobart. know th:ir deadly skill, and theraupcii threw upon their unprolmt/ed flank 1 body of five hundred horse- mfri under Hit" Robert Keith. Mar- shil cf Bcotiard. The archers W01‘! r eolatcly cut up and ill-BOON“- owin flceln-r tltraw the jtngllah souedzrrt-i irio confusion. T111 I8)"- thtlr chance to the much less skil-

..-.v....,,...~~~ -

Titer-e ls, I think. something "- with the spsi ii... c. iiic words, but I am not sufficient of an Italian scholar to say what. The meanlzxg of it nevertheless is plain: '"Ari Italianate Englishman is an incar- nate devil!" He is supposed to unite the Italian subtility cf mind with the Eriglishmaivs capacity for" carrying out the evil he has plan- ned! Apart from that. the two races seem to have a reciprocal liking for one another. My profes- sicn in Newcastle on Tyne brought me into contact with individuals from all quarters of the globe. but of all foreigners the Italians were the mos. likeable, with the Breton French a good second. The oorest of these people seemed c eerful and good-tempered. I recollect ouc. a native of sunny Piedmont, whose humble calling was to vend ice- cream to the rough children of ‘r \'o. . He and his gully- barrow stood at thc gate

blank range, with terrible effect. 1 This. and the onsauglrt cf Bruce's ' reserve division. served. to pin the I

AWIIIL!

IIAISITIIID.

» CONSERVATION 1

COLUMN OI PI-AOTIOAL OPINIONS ~0I ‘III VITAL ISSUE! AITIOTING ‘I'll Ulll IND LBUBII OF NATUIAL IIBOUIOII BI LIJDIDW JENKINS.

o

PROFIT IN PRESERVATION (By Stephen ‘l-UIEII in Nature

Magazine) Napoleon said the Erltfllsh were a “nation of shopkeepers." He

did not add, as he might 118W done. “very 800d slitilllieflperi" The game laws of England are notoriously" severe upon poachers, and ivliilo sport, or thc slaughter of wild animals, is organized and widespread. circumstttnfiffi mike 1b pfrsfib-le there to forbid anybody to kill game that lie docs not also preserve and pay for". Bctwecnilie purchase of l. gun. and the 118M to kill a.ii_vt-hiug exc'pt. vermin with it, is quite a stcp. Sport in Digland is also restricted to I very small proportion of the popu- lation, a condition that is impos- sible in the United States. But in Err-glands colonies -brancli busi- ness_—other arrangements are made to fit conditions and. like good shopkeepers, the English frequently take stock, and notice when iiiey begin to run out of certain com- inoditics.

The improvement of firearms during the past hundred years has inspired wholesale slaughter" of both men and animals. Whole species have been extermiriated but South Africa defided nrariy wars ago that it was poor business to lot that continue. South Africa leads the world in gauie preserva- ticri. In 1898 tli: Transvaal Voksraad, riiizici" President Kruger, set aside a liizgc tract along the Sable River with the idsa of pre- serving wildlife aird steriuirin-g the tide cf unthinking destruction. Eight thousand square miles of the Park new protect nearly every species of animal in Scuth Africrrw iuid todav. within twenty IIIlllLIlPS of comfortable rest cnnrps. anybody" may be obliged to slow down his car to avoid ruritultig ovir a sllght- ly stipcrciiious lion or lropard that has rio fear of uraai. and little respcc. for" people who g0 about on wheels to: u_ their" own tirriuu s Iii i934 about six thous- aud (‘kiln (‘lliPYfll the Park and i"\\'(‘fli_\' thousand visitor's spout days and weeks watching the wild, and were content with ualciung.

It is possible to enjoy" Nature without. courinitting tuicrovokcd

<v

i

ties of the world, for" it. put an cnd 1 i

c.’ tn:- bz-rtzes Park, through Whlfiil I passed daily on uiy way to work He was i-hoi-t Triu well-made. like most Ituiaris. and possessed a pau" of upturned nioustachcs oi’ rnvcn hue, that would have breri a credit. to a brigaiid cf melodrama. "Well,

Jnlin—(tlie trlriliiirii called “John e- earn" iiriw races it toda_v'!" I 8.5K. JOHN} (‘YES \\'0lli(l

\ term would fairv flash, as lie rc- ttirucd “No sr mule." to ruy greet- iug. ‘Iii-at meant, "not so barlly," and must be souucicil "no lee mali- lee." John's ambition was to make enough uionev" "to i‘6lll‘f‘ lo a litll" farm iu Piedmont. but. l (loni sup- putc lie ever" realized u.

Even Mussolini. mile of lib. grandiose utterances. has his irke- u-be moods. A correspondent smut m2 this story in the autumn. “Flying-someiiiizcs 10.00.) feet higii —uur swallows migrated some days ago: Over France. a storm cargictl them eastward across the Alps and into the Tyrol, where hundreds of Llousaiids of them collapsed with c".l and exhaustion.

“The news was s read and a wonderful organizat on sprang up ir. a. night. Idea-Earns. police, and. airmen were mobilized. The birds were gatli-srcd. taken in tmlice cars to specially heated buildings, fed from buckets of insects and cu rc- co"."ery were taken by airplane to Venice or Naples. according to their condition, and there released on their wanted course for South

ca. "Notoriously fond of swallow Pie, Italians-in such a time of plenty-ore forbidden by Signor Mussolini, (under pain of swallow- ing cantor oil, I imagine) to kill a single swallow. A truly noble ges- ture!" my correspondent adds. ‘out whether ironically oi" iict, I can't make out.

NOTES ON ISLAND PLANTS The Leguminoane (1).

There are, nay the botanists. but m, or M. molt three, o! the fami-

Jile irrto a smilc. Rllll his wlirtc ‘v

‘well that Nature

t-iiaii sport that tloziu". of ctliu"

l . , 1" s are coming 111.0 cx- i" Park is" tit. ‘ ‘i.

inuvrlci", and it is D2221‘; rcalizcd so live pays" bfi-LLC!‘

but alahariy Park, in the Go diztrict of tho Capo. coru:s a

rc- szizoctahlc .'..=coii:l, with its two mil-i‘

lion flClY-E. in uliicli the Govtru- merit supplements the nature water" supply wi‘h wells and windmills There Wélz. of course the usual ycip that the protection of animals was silly sentimentality‘, that arti- ruals enjoyed bzirg hunted and iri-

" far more than were cr ivlicii thousands of them

lics of plan-ts that can compare with the Uzguiiiiirosalc. iii size. in dKi/stributroriti or ui economic value. e are in ebtcd to it for nutri- ticus foods likc peas and beans; exceieiit fodder as clover and al- falfa; and’ hundreds of drugs, dyes, poisons. oils, not to ruention valu- able ivpods. And not llcast. the roots 0 irrariy. if not al, its meni- bcrs ar'e colonized bv nitrogen-fix- ing bacteria which enrich the soil and benrfit the sticceecing crops. Many agaru are highly ornamental, adding cltarm to our gardens. With few exceptions the blooms of this cxce1)tio'.1a'iv useful family exhibit the familiar" “butterfly" fo:nr exemplified in tho Sweet Pea. There is a broad upright "stand- ard" twhich is perhaps produced by it‘ ftlisicr; of IWOhSSDBIEIGdPGIIQGISF a “ ee " o boat s ape pro ucc n the same manner": and lastly. con- cpaliup" the kecl, are two separrito. "wiug-I‘ Ullf‘ on cut-h side. Tlicsei Ufrilpiilfllillf/llflllt- ilovzrrsl riiuy iorne wing y. m‘ iii oils era as l‘. the broad bean. oi" again in dense, heads {like [i110 clltavers; blltlfllll edit- iiniiua ion tie p air of ciicr n i-. viduiii flower is a» zibovc. i Irtsidc the kPPl, and protect-l ml by ll, is. a tiny ovary autl tcul lritlr stamens ‘Ilic ovary will ul-i tritialcl_t' (ievolcip iulu n pod. filled \vit.ii seeds. p-ras. or" hearts. as tlic case may bc. 'f‘lici"i- ii. rirctnr" tlicvc loo, but it is difficult. to come gt; in tiic cuso of tho broad ireau. I uotlcc lluit llio wild bees bilc it I101!‘ 111 illc incl 21:» the easiest method.

’i"lic Sriiuticr» Plant. tmifliosa tuidicii) oi tropical America br- lorrgs to this fiimil, and airpears to Lave ivliul. may bf‘, spokem of as ii "nervous system". Th slightest shock or" disturbance causes its leaf- lori. lo foltl " l.:r and the leaf-

staik "to hiu; dircctlv downwards. Ar. oI<l gcnri-oiuau of my acquaint- ance had out- of tircse plants in his hotliousc. and dciglitcd lo show it to the school children. He would call out "Shut upi". slowing upon it slyly, and the plant, to their astonishment. instantly obey-ed. The various "locoweeds" or" fcrazywecds" of this continent are in this group too. They do not seem to be palatabc, but once an ani- mal begins to nlkble at them. prompted perhaps by scarcity of better food. it bccctncs a victim of an euslaviri; habit more disastrous than thtrmorphiue habit is to man. The addicts to tlrcse weeds "slag- r-rei" about, urraiblc to control their muscular" or ircrvous rmctioaas.“ Th gradually become thinner and - zer and at last die of starva- ti0n. Th: “Whit?! Intro," n spe- cies of Oxytropiii does the greatest (lnmiflfl since it remain: green iill \;iriier and is not so unpaiatmyje as the other locoweeds. It, f; 51rd

were shot and wounded than when left llone-qnereiy 81181118

growing, eating their Mada off in idleness. But 1118-018 old ltulf in South Africa although it still hu a. familiar ring in our United, but in some ways benighted. States. It is not sentimentality, but the unbounded success of Kruger Park that ha: caused Natal to create half a dozen parks ranging from isixt-y thousand to ten thousand acres. Orange Free State has compara- tively little suitable territory. but eveu here iii-are and two small areas where animals are rigorously

protected. Everywhere the game laws are not only existent, but strictly enforced-Ahoy find it

good business. Strange as it. may sound to some Am-Irlcan cars the animals have not suffered at all by the extermination of their persecutors any more than cities perish when l. bunch of gangsters i: rounded up and added to the national collection.

In 1934 the Wild Birds Protection Bill was passed making it illegal to trap or otherwise capture wild birds- for sale throughout the Union. The export of birds- except und-zr spzcified rules and for scientific purposes-was e50 prohibited al- though it had become a lucrative business of considerable proportions. Sportsmen will ‘oe astounded to learn that this has not done any- thing to extemiinate birds; on the contrary, bird watchers report that the larger birda are coming back into districts whzrc they have not been seen for years. Pelicans may be seen feeding in the swamps of the Black River within four miles of the heart of Cape Town. Flam- lngozs come every YCCI!‘ to th:- larg- ci" lakes and herons and cgrets ucst in the cent-re of om of the oldest residential sections or the city. It is as though mouriieris should suddcraly appiar in upper" Fifth Avenut . New York.

From general protection of all animals to spacial protection cf particular uaimals required no (treat effort of imagination. Iii the’ CH2.‘ ciavs of the Cap: ilic

bontcbzik roamed in immense herds over" the “sand veldt" districts of the Colony. Ir is a bcautiful ani- rn".il. strcngly" marked in brown and vrliitc ard with well-shaped l-orns. its uurric signifirs “pied? The ijrcat numbers of tlicm. the cit: with which they could b’: shot wholesale, and thcrc suitability for nraking dried rncat were their uu- tioiiig". Tlr: poop}: sltot them for rt rt and for" triitil the h. as w.:-c rrduccd arid hogan to daviudle to tltc point Wllffl‘: ‘n were not hard to count By 1900' there were only’ two small herds left. Ttvczity-flvc years later there was one herd—if you can call thirteen derelcts a lz-ord. These ap- peared on the farm of a family riamczl A'"bsr"tyu, who kept stock. The Albcrtyris perceived that the bciitobok could not "compete in grazing with th:ir domestic ani- mals, tui. th:y did not instantly rcncli for" a rifle to slaughter" them.

mark.

w»

What they did was to buy a small '

farm arljoiningdhcir land arid give it to the ant/slopes so that they could live in pcacc ’I'his farm, with its last thirteen bontcbok. was JTBSSIHJ)’ taken over by the Goveriuiicrit. Plenty cf water. and freedom from the close-cropped lunches with the sheep and cows, enabled the little herd to survive. In 1034 the boiitcbok club mem- bership had increased from thir- teen to twenty-four. In 1935 they were lu the llrirtics and hatl al- ready divided themselves into three troops that keep strictly to them- selves. The reason of the subdivis- ion is probably a matter of morals for one party is as wild as they cciuc while the ollici" is. rrprc- licusibly. Laurel ‘P114- ltirgcst of the troops is tlic tourist: o. horseman can approach its bucks within twenty or thirty yards. but the second largest troop is inordinate- ly timed and cannot b: approach-